Tissue- Assemble of cell
- 2. • The word tissue is derived from a Latin word meaning to weave. Cells that make up tissues are sometimes woven together with extracellular fibers. • an aggregate of similar cells and cell products forming a definite kind of structural material with a specific function, in a multicellular organism. • An aggregate of cells in an organism that have similar structure and function. • A group or layer of cells that perform specific functions.
- 5. covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. The cells in this type of tissue are very closely packed together and joined with little space between them
- 7. Simple- cuboidal Simple- squamous Simple columnar Stratified Transitional
- 8. A material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for body tissues and organs. Connective tissue surrounds many organs.
- 9. As a packing material, connective tissue provides a supporting matrix for many highly organized structures It forms restraining mechanism of the body in the form of retinacula, check ligaments and fibrous pulley The ensheathing layer of deep fascia preserves the characteristic contour of the limbs and aids circulation in the veins and lymphatics. It forms fascial planes which provide convenient pathways for vessels (blood vessels and lymphatics) and nerves Connective tissue helps in the repair of injuries whereby the fibroblasts lay down collagen fibers to form the scar tissue. The macrophages of connective issue serve a defensive function against the bacterial invasion by their phagocytic
- 13. Epithelial tissue It is made up of cells and negligible amount of intercellular matrix. The cells are arranged in one or more layers. It is not surrounded by blood capillaries. Epithelial tissue lies above the basement membrane. It develops from the ectoderm or mesoderm or endoderm. It mainly forms external and internal covering of the organs. Connective tissue It is made up of cells and a large amount of intercellular matrix. The cell are scattered in the matrix. The cells are surrounded by blood capillaries. Connective tissues which lie below the basement membrane are called lamina propia. It develops from mesoderm only. It connects anchors and
- 14. a tissue composed of bundles of elongated cells capable of contraction and relaxation to produce movement in an organ or part. A body tissue composed of sheets or bundles of cells that contract to produce movement A tissue characterised by the ability to contract upon stimulation; its three varieties are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
- 15. Contractility – Forceful contraction, fibers in cells shorten Excitability – Excited by nerve cell electrical impulse to contract Extensibility – Ability of muscle to stretch by the contraction of opposing muscles Elasticity – After stretching, muscles can recoil passively
- 16. Movement – Contraction (shortening) causes movement – Of the body as a whole when connected to skeleton – Of materials through the body (blood, food, etc.) Maintenance of posture – Continual maintenance of posture via muscle contractions to either keep body standing or sitting Joint stabilization – Muscle tone stabilizes and strengthens joints Heat generation – Muscles produce heat as a by product of contraction
- 18. Regulation of contraction voluntary control Thick and thin filaments of myofibrils (contractile proteins) Long muscle fibers = muscle cell Mitochondria prominent to supply energy for
- 19. Found surrounding hollow tubes Involuntary control - Contraction slow and sustained (blood vessels and visceral organs) Resistant to fatigue Peristalsis - Wave-like contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary canal
- 20. Joined end to end creating intercalated discs – Junction where plasma- membranes interlock Hold cells together and allow ions to pass, transmission of electrical impulse Branched and interconnected which allow impulses to travel cell to
- 22. Nervous tissue is the material that makes up the brain, spinal cord and network of nerves around the body Nervous tissue consists of one or more nerve cell (called neurons) that relay messages to and from various parts of the nervous system Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous system - the brain, spinal cord, and nerves- which regulates and controls body functions. It is composed of neurons, which transmit impulses, and the neuroglial cells, which assist propagation of the nerve impulse as well as provide nutrients to the neuron
- 24. Nervous tissue allows an organism to sense stimuli in both the internal and external environment. The stimuli are analysed and integrated to provide appropriate, co-ordinated responses in various organs. The afferent or sensory neurons conduct nerve impulses from the sense organs and receptors to the central nervous system Efferent or somatic motor neurons transmit the impulse from the central nervous system to a muscle (the effector organ) which then react to the initial stimulus. Autonomic motor or efferent neurons transmit
- 26. Multipolar Neurons These are the most common neuron type in humans (more than 99% of neurons belong to this class) and the major neuron type in the CNS Bipolar Neurons Bipolar neurons are spindle-shaped, with a dendrite at one end and an axon at the other. An example can be found in the light-sensitive retina of the eye. Unipolar Neurons Sensory neurons have only a single process or fibre which divides close to the cell body into two main branches (axon and dendrite). Because of their structure they are often referred to as unipolar neurons.
- 27. Muscle tissue It is structural unit of muscular tissue. In addition to transmission of impulses, it involves in contraction and relaxation of muscles. Its plasma membrane is called sarcolemma. Its cytoplasm is called sacroplasm. It is the structural and functional unit of nervous tissue. It is specialesed for transmission of impulses. Its plasma membrane is called neurilemma. Its cytoplasm is called neuroplasm. Nervous tissue
- 28. Muscle tissue: produce, force and cause motion Nerve tissue: Forms brain, spinal cord and cranial nerves Epithelial tissue: provides barrier for organs from outside environment Connective tissue: Holds other tissues together such as bone of blood