Tissue engineering (group presentation)
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Tissue engineering involves generating tissues and organs by seeding cells onto biodegradable scaffolds and stimulating them to proliferate and generate extracellular matrix in vitro. Some key events include Harrison demonstrating active cell growth in culture in 1910, which enabled tissue engineering. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned in 1996 using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Tissue engineering uses cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules to regenerate tissues and has applications like artificial skin and organs. It offers benefits like curing diseases but also faces challenges like ensuring sterility and preventing toxicity.
Tissue engineering (group presentation)
- 1. TISSUE ENGINEERING Histology Technique (SMS 2143) Peramathevan (012012051361) Lydwilkyn Andar (012012051647) Stephen Hii Seng (012012110023) Ting Siok Mei (012012110021) Mohamad Faez (012012051513)
- 2. Generation of Prometheus “Healing of Justinian” St. Cosmas and St. Damien. Theophrastus von Hohenheim, most commonly known as Paracelsus tried to create human life by chemical*. 16th century, Ambroise Pare` described in his work “Dix livres de la chirurgie” (ten pound of surgery). 18th century John Hunter investigated homologous transplantation of teeth in humans
- 3. 1818, Mary Shelley a writer of prominent newer example in literature and film is the story of Frankenstein, describing the vitalization of a creature, reassembled from different body parts. Middle 19th century, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach use of skin grafts described in “Nonnulla de Regeneratione et Transplantatione”. Pioneer in Transplantation medicine. Heinrich Christian Bünger first successful autologous skin transplantation in the clinical use of skin grafts. Jaques Reverdin use of small graft islets and Karl Thiersch split the thickness grafts. Pioneer in skin transplant.
- 4. Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), he described that cell proliferation can affected Cellularpathologie on tissue regeneration. C.A. Ljunggren and J. Jolly were the first researchers that succesfull to cultivate cells outside the body. R.G. Harrison, demonstrating active growth of cells in culture. Alexis Carrel (1873–1944) founder of modern organ transplantation due to his work elaborating the methods of vascular anastomosis. 1967, the first heart transplantation successfully done by Christiaan Barnard.
- 5. Early 1970s W.T. Green undertook a number of experiments to generate cartilage using a chondrocyte culture technique. In 1996, The further major step in cloning research was the cloning of two lambs (Megan and Morag) from embryonic cells. “Dolly the Sheep”. In 1987 then the term “tissue engineering” was be used in medicine field. “Dolly the Sheep”
- 7. Harrison. R.G -1910 Demonstrated active growth of cell in culture Since that breakthrough in vitro cell culture becomes the underlying basement for classical tissue engineering. E –Ullmann ,1902 First researchers to conduct kidney transplantation in animal use the application of tissue engineering .J.P Merrill - First researchers to attempt kidney transplantation in identical twins
- 8. 1970s- W.T Green -Synthesis cartilage using chondrocyte culture techniques in combination with bone scaffold . Barke and Yannas Generating skin by the culture of dermal fibroblasts or keratinocytes on protein scaffolds Robert Briggs and Thomas king ,1952 – First researcher demonstrate how to clone frogs by replacing nuclei of eggs with cell form tadpole and adult intestinal epithelium
- 9. • Dolly the sheep was successfully cloned in Britain in 1996 by the scientist “Ian Wilmut” and was put down in February 2003 after developing a lung infection and arthritis. • Dolly was a genetic copy of the Finn Dorset ewe. • Her birth, more than 10 years ago showed that nuclei from specialized adult cells can be reprogrammed into all the cells of an organism. • The technique that led to Dolly is called • somatic cell nuclear transfer and has • remained essentially unchanged over • the last decade.
- 14. Tissue engineering has significant market potential and financial investment continue apace. The technical advances in the various components of the industry will contribute to market growth. For the biological component of tissue engineering, rapid advances are being made in identifying new cell types for use in tissue regeneration.
- 15. Tissue engineering will emerging as a vibrant industry with a huge potential market. An increasing amount of R&D is directed toward addressing the properties of these scaffolds with the goal of creating materials that have the desired functional profiles for various applications.
- 18. - TE is using specific biochemical function to transplant of the cell become an organ. - Can be solving tissue damage problem - Example : 1. Artificial skin Nature Biotechnology , 2000
- 19. 2. Heart
- 20. Three basic elements: 1) Scaffolds - Provided by the extra-cellular matrix and serve to hold and guide cells in 3D space until they are produce their own physiological matrix environment 2) Cell - basic unit of tissue or organ and it is very important when doing cell source selection 3) Biomolecules - signalling molecules which will be represented an interesting tools in tissue engineering to modulate several part of the cell biology. Sala et.al., 2012. Journal Biochip Tissue Chip.
- 21. Sala et. al., 2012. journal Biochip Tissue Chip
- 22. Advantages Disadvantages Help cure the disease Ability to cure life- threatening diseases Life expectancy expanded Produce a healthier lifestyle and quality Performance of the final product Potential toxicity of cryopreservatives Achievement of sterility of the final product Microbiological contamination L.Clarke, 2008 D.William, 2004