Tku-行動app開發管理實務-如何開發Android應用程式

行動APP開發管理實務
如何開發Android應用程式
開發準備、基本控制項、Layout
尹君耀 Xavier Yin

Outline
 開發App的事前準備
 Project Structure
 練習1
 基本控制項
 Intent
 Layout
 練習2

事前準備
 建立應用程式的基本資訊
– 決定開發版本
– 決定欲使用的Android設備
– 考量所需使用的硬體設備資訊
(AndroidManifest.xml)
 應用程式的需求分析與規劃
– 功能需求
– 介面
 應用程式的資源
– 文字或文案、顏色、尺寸、動畫、
圖片、畫面、樣式、音樂或影片、
檔案…等等。

事前準備
 Android開發環境
– JDK
 Download JDK (or from Oracle)
 Installation and Environment Variable Settings
– JAVA_HOME
– PATH
– Installation result on cmd
– Android SDK and Studio
 Download Android SDK and Studio (or from Android Developer)
 Installation
– Launch the .exe file you just downloaded
– Follow the setup wizard

事前準備
 撰寫應用程式
 測試和安裝
– Real Devices
– Emulator
 AVD
 Genymotion

Project Structure
 /app
– /src
 /main/java
– /your_package_name (ex: /com/tku/android -> com.tku.android)
 Java files
– AndroidManifest.xml
 /androidTest(For Android Test)
– /java/your_package_name
 Test cases
 /res
– /drawable
– /layout
– /values
 colors.xml, dimens.xml, strings.xml, styles.xml…etc.
 build.gradle

App Manifest
 Manifest file
– The manifest file presents essential information about your app to the
Android system, information the system must have before it can run
any of the app's code.
 Permission
– A basic Android application has no permissions associated with it by
default, meaning it cannot do anything that would adversely impact
the user experience or any data on the device.
– To make use of protected features of the device, you must include in
your AndroidManifest.xml one or more <uses-permission> tags
declaring the permissions that your application needs.

Resources
 系統資源
– android.R.anim – 系統動畫資源。
– android.R.color – 系統顏色狀態資源。
– android.R.dimen – 系統尺寸資源。
– android.R.drawable – 系統圖形與繪圖資源。
– android.R.layout – 系統畫面配置資源。
– android.R.menu – 系統選單資源。
– android.R.string – 系統文字資源。
– android.R.style – 系統樣式資源。
 一般資源
– strings.xml – 文字資源。
– colors.xml – 顏色資源。
– dimens.xml – 尺寸資源。
– arrays.xml – 陣列資源。
– styles.xml – 樣式資源。

Dimens
 DPI (Dots Per Inch)
– The quantity of pixels within a physical area of the screen; usually
referred to as dpi (dots per inch).

Dimens
 PX, DPI and DP(DIP)
– Icon size = 160px
 MDPI -> 160px/160dpi = 1 inch
 XHDPI -> 160px/320dpi = 0.5 inch
– Icon size = 160dp -> px = dp * (dpi / 160 )
 MDPI -> px = 160 * ( 160dpi / 160dpi ) , px = 160
 XHDPI -> px = 160 * ( 320dpi / 160dpi) , px = 320

Dimens
 Suggestions
– Because it's important that you design and implement your layouts for
multiple densities, the guidelines below and throught the
documentation refer to layout dimensions with dp measurements
instead of pixels.
– Similarly, you should prefer the sp (scale-independent pixel) to define
text sizes. The sp scale factor depends on a user setting and the system
scales the size the same as it does for dp.

練習1
 請依照開發「App的事前準備」章節的步驟，討論並設計一個資料查詢App。
討論項目如下，並上台解說：
– App的需求(至少三種功能性需求與資料來源為何)
– App介面
– 資源
 系統資源
 一般資源
– 控制項與Layout
– 實作技術，範例如下：
 Volley與Gson – 使用目的為何？
 資料庫 – 在何種頁面應用？
 演算法 - 何種情境或設計中使用 ?

基本元件
 Activity
 Service
 BroadcastReceiver
 ContentProvider

控制項
 View class
– This class represents the basic
building block for user interface
components.
 ViewGroup class
– The ViewGroup subclass is the base
class for layouts, which are invisible
containers that hold other Views (or
other ViewGroups) and define their
layout properties.

TextView and EditText
 TextView
– Displays text to the user and
optionally allows them to edit
it.
 EditText
– EditText is a thin veneer over
TextView that configures itself
to be editable.

Intent
 Android 中的 Intent 非常好用，整個
Android 的架構最大的特色可以說就建構
在 Intent 上，您可以利用類似 URL 的
Intent 啟動任何一個程式的任何一個畫面。

LinearLayout
 android:orientation -
setOrientation(int)
– Should the layout be a column
or a row? Use "horizontal" for a
row, "vertical" for a column.
 android:gravity -
setGravity(int)
– Specifies how an object should
position its content, on both
the X and Y axes, within its own
bounds.

LinearLayout
 Practice
Horizontal Vertical & Horizontal

RelativeLayout
 android:layout_above, android:layout_below
– Positions the bottom edge of this view above or below the given anchor view ID.
 android:layout_alignParentBottom, android:layout_alignParentLeft,
android:layout_alignParentRight, android:layout_alignParentTop
– If true, makes the edge of this view match the edge you assign of the parent.
 android:layout_toLeftOf, android:layout_toRightOf
– Positions the right edge of this view to the left or right of the given anchor view
ID.
 android:layout_centerInParent
– If true, centers this child horizontally and vertically within its parent.

練習
 Create a new project
– Empty project
 Define resources that you need
– Colors.xml, dimens.xml, strings.xml, styles.xml, drawable
 Prepare Layout files
– Add Android Resource Directory named layout within res folder
– Add a layout.xml
 LinearLayout

練習
 Bind the above files with your java files
– Activity
 SetContentView()
 FindViewById()
 Define App Manifest file
– Intent
 Launch your App in a device

Sample Code and Slides
 Slides
– http://www.slideshare.net/XavierYin/tkuappandroid
 Sample Code
– https://github.com/xavier0507/TKUInforTableSampleCode

References
 CodeData:
– http://www.codedata.com.tw/mobile/android-6-tutorial-1-4/
– http://www.codedata.com.tw/mobile/android-6-tutorial-2-1/
 Android developers:
– http://developer.android.com/design/index.html
 陳鍾誠的網站
– http://ccckmit.wikidot.com/ga:intentexample

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