Counterfeiting involves imitating authentic products with the intent to deceive consumers into believing the fake has equal or greater value than the real product. Key impacts of counterfeiting include lost sales, damage to brand reputation, and costs of fighting fakes. Countries have strengthened legal protections for intellectual property through civil litigation against counterfeiters, criminalizing counterfeiting through trademark or fraud laws, and administrative customs interventions. However, advances in technology, increased trade, emerging markets and products have rapidly increased counterfeiting. The impacts of counterfeits run deeply and cause long-lasting damage to brands through lost sales and reputation harm.