TOEFL (Written Expression) SKILL 20-23
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This document provides examples and explanations for identifying errors related to subject-verb agreement in English. It covers four skills: 1. Verb agreement after prepositional phrases, where the subject and verb can be separated. 2. Verb agreement after quantity words like "all" or "some", where the subject can be singular or plural. 3. Verb agreement with inverted subjects and verbs. 4. Subject-verb agreement after certain singular words like "everybody", even if they have a plural meaning. Practice questions with answers are provided for each skill to help identify errors in subject-verb agreement.
TOEFL (Written Expression) SKILL 20-23
- 1. TOEFL(Test of English Foreign Language) By: Tira Nur Fitria S.Pd., M.Pd tiranurfitria@gmail.com WRITTEN EXPRESSION (Soal & Pembahasan) SKILL 20-23
- 2. Pada bagian ini, kalimat berisikan kata atau kelompok kata yang digarisbawahi ditandai dengan (a), (b), (c), dan (d). Kita diminta untuk mengidentifikasi bagian yang ditandai tersebut mana yang TIDAK tepat secara gramatikal. Disini kita diminta untuk memilih MANA YANG SALAH. WRITTEN EXPRESSION (Error Identification/Error Analysis)
- 3. SKILL 20: VERBS AGREEMENT (After Prepositional Phrases) Sometimes prepositional phrases can come between the subject and the verb. If the object of the preposition is singular and the subject is plural, or if the object of the preposition is plural and the subject is singular, there can be confusion in making the subject and verb agree. In the first example you might think that doors is the subject because it comes directly in front of the verb are. However, doors is not the subject because it is the object of the preposition to. The subject of the sentence is key, so the verb should be is. In the second example you might think that door is the subject because it comes directly in front of the verb is. You should recognize in this example that door is not the subject because it is the object of the preposition to. Because the subject of the sentence is keys, the verb should be are.
- 5. 1.The room to the room is locked. 2.The players on the winning team in the competition were very talented. 3.The cost of the clothes was higher than I had expected. 4.The rugs in the front rooms of the house are going to be washed today. 5.The lights in the corner of the room need to be kept on all night. 6.The meeting of the members of the council begins at 3:00 in the afternoon. 7.The servers in this restaurant always do their job efficiently. 8.The food for the guests at the party is on the long tables. 9.The climbers on the sheer face of the mountain need to be rescued. 10.The tenants in the apartment next to mine are giving a party this evening. 11.The president, surrounded by Secret Service agents, is trying to make his way to the podium. 12.The interrogation, conducted by three police officers, has lasted for several hours. 13.My nephew has decided to quit his job at the music store. 14.Several of my friends work at the mall on weekends. 15.One of the instructors was in the president's office before lunch. Contoh:
- 6. Contoh Soal: 1. The climbers on the sheer face of the mountain need to be rescued. 2. The interrogation, conducted by three police officers, have lasted for several hours 3. The tenants in the apartment next to mine is giving a party this evening. 4. The president, surrounded by secret service agents, is trying to make his way to be the podium. 5. The buildings destroyed during the fire are being rebuilt at the taxpayers’ expense. 6. Because of the seriousness of the company’s financial problems, the board of directors have called an emergency meeting. 7. Manufacture of the items that you requested have been discontinued because of lack of profit on those items. 8. Further development of any new ideas for future products has to be approved in advance. 9. The scheduled departure time of the trains, posted on panels throughout the terminal buildings, are going to be updated. 10. Any houses built in that development before 1970 have to be upgraded to meet current standards.
- 8. SKILL 21: VERBS AGREEMENT (After Quantity) A particular agreement problem occurs when the subject is an expression of quantity, such as all, most, or some, followed by the preposition of. In this situation, the subject (all, most, or some) can be singular or plural, depending on what follows the preposition of. In the first example the subject all refers to the singular noun book, so the correct verb is therefore the singular verb was. In the second example the subject all refers to the plural noun books, so the correct verb is the plural verb were. In the third example the subject all refers to the uncountable noun information, so the correct verb is therefore the singular verb was.
- 10. Contoh: 1.Half of the students in the class arrive early. 2.Some of the fruit is rotten. 3.All of the next chapter contains very important information. 4.Most of the people in the room are paying attention. 5.Part of the soup is left on the stove. 6.Some of the movie was just too violent for me. 7.All of the details in the report need to be checked. 8.Most of the money is needed to pay the bills. 9.The first half of the class consists of lecture and note taking. 10.Some of the questions on-the test were impossible to answer. 11.She did not know where most of the people in the room was from. 12.Most of the trouble that employees discussed at the series of meetings was resolved within a few weeks. 13.In spite of what was decided at the meeting, half of the procedures was not changed. 14.Some of the animals from the zoo was released into the animal preserve. 15.The all of the students in the class taught by Professor Roberts is required to turn in the papers next monday.
- 11. Contoh Soal: 1. The witnesses saw that most of the fire in the hills was extinguished. 2. Some of the animals from the zoo was released into the animal preserve. 3. All of the students in the class taught by Professor Roberts is required to turn in their term papers next Monday. 4. Half of the food that we are serving to the guests are still in the refrigerator. 5. We believe that some of the time of the employees is going to be devoted quality control. 6. All of the witnesses in the jury trial, which lasted more than two weeks, have indicated that they believed that the defendant was guilty. 7. She did not know where most of the people in the room was from. 8. In spite of what was decided at the meeting, half of the procedures was not changed. 9. I was sure that all of the questions on the test were correct. 10. Most of the trouble that the employees discussed at the series of meetings was resolved within few weeks.
- 13. SKILL 23: VERBS AGREEMENT (INVERSION VERB) When the subject and verb are inverted, it can be difficult to locate them, and it can therefore be a problem to make them agree. In the example it is easy to think that house is the subject, because it comes directly in front of the verb was. House is not the subject, however, because it is the object of the preposition behind. The subject of the sentence is bicycles, and the subject bicycles comes after the verb because of the place expression behind the house. Because the subject bicycles is plural, the verb should be changed to the plural were.
- 15. Contoh Soal: 1. Only once this morning were the letters delivered by the campus mail service 2. Around the corner and to the right is the rooms that have been assigned to that program. 3. What in the world is the children trying to do? 4. John would be studying the chapters were he able to get hold of the book. 5. This chapter has many more exercises than do the next one. 6. The computer programmer was unaware that there was so many mistakes in the program he had written. 7. Seldom in the history of television has two new comedies been so successful in one season. 8. How many huge mistakes have the teacher actually found in the research paper? 9. The new phone system is able to hold far more messages than was the phone system that had previously been used. 10. In the parking lot south of the stadium was the cars that were about to be towed.
- 17. SKILL 24: SUBJECT-VERBS AGREEMENT (After Certain Words) Certain words in English are always grammatically singular, even though they might have plural meanings. Even though we understand from this example that a lot of people are going to the theatre, everybody is singular and requires a singular verb. The plural verb are going should be changed to the singular verb is going..
- 18. Contoh Soal: 1. It is impossible to believe that somebody actually admire that man. 2. Each of the doctors in the building needs to have a separate reception area. 3. The president felt that no one were better suited for the position of chief staff advisor. 4. Everybody participating in the fund-raiser are to turn in the tickets by 8:00. 5. Because of the low number of orders, nothing has to be done now. 6. Every time someone take unnecessary breaks, precious moments of production time are lost. 7. Anybody who goes to the top of the Empire State Building is impressed with the view. 8. Every man, woman, and child in this line are required to sign the forms in order to complete the registration process. 9. It is nice to believe that anything is possible if a person tries hard enough. 10. The company reiterated to reporters that nobody have been dismissed because of the incident.
- 20. EXERCISE (Skills 20-23): 1. The contracts signed by the company has been voided because some stipulations were not met. 2. Ten miles beyond the river was the farmlands that they had purchased with their life savings. 3. Each package that is not properly wrapped have to be returned to the sender. 4. She would not have to enter the house through the bedroom window were the keys where they were supposed to be. 5. The proposal brought so much new work to the partnership that there was not enough hours to complete all of it. 6. The box of ribbons for the electric typewriter have been misplaced. 7. It is disconcerting to believe that every possible candidate has been rejected for one reason or another. 8. Only once have there been more excitement in this city about a sporting event. 9. Bobby has a bigger bicycle than does the other children in the neighborhood. 10. If nobody have bought that car from the dealer, then you should return and make another offer.