Tok intro
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Theory of Knowledge (TOK) explores how knowledge is gained, the validity of knowledge claims, and different areas of knowledge. TOK lessons involve open-ended questions, critical thinking, and reflection. The goal is not to answer questions definitively, but to think about knowledge. Key concepts include justification of knowledge using different ways of knowing, the relationship between truth and belief, and examining knowledge issues and claims within disciplines like the natural sciences, human sciences, history, ethics, religion, indigenous knowledge, and the arts.
Tok intro
- 1. + Theory of Knowledge Mini Lessons and the core ideas Ayca Turkkan September 14, 2012
- 2. + What is TOK? Theory Of Knowledge Theory –”teatre” – “to see” Seeing Knowledge
- 3. + How do we know? How do we use this in our: Personal Professional Societal
- 4. + What do we do? Open ended questions Thinking critically Reflecting Develop ideas
- 5. + What is NOT TOK? Philosophy class Not trying to decipher the meaning of life Reflection on learning --- MUST
- 6. + What do we do in class? Origins and nature of “knowledge” Knowledge is defined as “justified true belief”
- 7. + Justification Needs to appeal to four ways of knowing (WOKs) Language – My Mom told me! Perception - I saw /see it! Reason – I figured it out! Emotion – It is obvious! CONTEXT – hypothetical – Murat Bey in his office? You might question your knowledge!
- 8. + Truth Very thick concept Makes a clear distinction between “knowledge” and “belief” Earth being flat – Everyone believed it! There are 9 planets in our solar system – They discovered Chiron! In practice when we say something is true we say it is “beyond reasonable doubt”. In simpler terms: Rational Truth – use your head and Empirical Truth – Look for evidence (use your eyes!)
- 9. + Burglar Woman: Honey I think someone is in the house. Please go and look. Man: There is no one in the house. Otherwise the alarm would have gone off. Woman: Maybe someone cut the wires! Man: Don’t be silly! The dog would have barked! Woman: Maybe they have chloroformed the dog! Please go look! (And the man goes downstairs..) Man: There I’ve looked. There is no one in the house! Woman: Well, maybe when you were in the kitchen he was in the living room! …………………..
- 10. + Belief Truth – objective Belief – subjective Comes right before “knowledge”
- 11. + Belief Knowledge Continuum
- 12. + That’s why we cannot say that calculators “know” 2 + 2 = 4!
- 13. + Origins of Knowledge Observation? Books? Dreams? Visions? Hunches? Thought? Teachers? Etc etc. TV? Internet? Family?
- 14. + Origins of Knowledge Knowledge by Acquaintance Knowledge by Description
- 15. + The Distinction Knowing how Knowing that (I know that..) Subjective Objective Private Articulated Can originate in experience Public Can be shown Must have reasons/evidence/proof May give certainty May give certainty BAKING BREAD RECIPE FOR BAKING BREAD
- 16. + Knowledge Claims You are saying something that you believe to be true!
- 17. + True? False? Both? Neither? I know it’s raining! I know it is raining or it is not raining. I know 2 + 2 = 4 I know two apples and two apples make four apples. I know how to speak English. I know my tooth hurts.
- 18. + I know it is raining! Needs evidence to be proven true or false Empirical knowledge You need to go and look!
- 19. + I know it is raining or it is not raining! True under all conditions! Simple reasoning! Your mind tells you that it is true. Double check: think of what could prove it false???
- 20. + I know 2 + 2 = 4 Rational truth within the mathematical framework of base 10. Coherent with other mathematical statements like 34 – 16 = 18. A basic mathematical mind is all that’s needed here.
- 21. + Two apples and two apples make 4 apples? Not a Rational statement about mathematical knowledge There are no numbers Cannot be counted as mathematical proof Purely empirical Check: As you are walking out it starts drizzling, first a drop of raindrop on your forehead, then another. Do you have two drops of water on your forehead?
- 22. + I know how to speak English. Knowledge by acquaintance Knowing how Either you can do it or you cannot Proof is in the performance Empirical
- 23. + I know my tooth hurts. One of those interesting truths that is only TRUE FOR YOU. How can you prove it? The dentist may claim otherwise!
- 24. + Knowledge Issues Core of the course Address each knowledge claim through the framework of knowledge issues (knowledge problems) Forms the basis of both internal and external assessment Essay: Identify the key knowledge problems in the prescribed title Presentation: Finding knowledge issues and searching for real life situations
- 25. + Knowledge issues clarified Wikipedia says that Bangkok is in Thailand. How can I use reason to know if information from an internet source is accurate and reliable? Modern art is more meaningful than Renaissance representative art. What are the criteria to distinguish more meaningful art from less meaningful art?
- 26. + I saw a documentary last night that proves global warming is bogus! What emotional techniques do documentary makers use to shape our judgments? My eyes tell me that the teaspoon bends in a clear teacup. How can we know when our senses give us accurate information about the world?
- 27. + Areas of Knowledge IB believes that valuable knowledge resides in well-established disciplines. Mathematics Natural Sciences Human Sciences Art History Ethics
- 28. + How do we use these AOKs? Natural sciences: What is a classic scientific method? Know what makes a claim a scientific claim Meaning of truth in the scientific context Effects of scientific way of thinking on our beliefs
- 29. + Mathematics Axiom-theorem structure And how this applies to mathematical truth Role of logic – link to rationalism Theorem establishing for describing a situation
- 30. + Human Sciences Difference between human sciences and natural sciences Position of ethics in human sciences Dilemmas – free will, nature/nurture debate Experimental problems in human sciences
- 31. + Ethics Thoroughly understand the concept of “ethics” Strengths and weaknesses in ethics Role of emotion in ethics The concept of choice in ethics Role of culture in ethics Role of reasoning in ethics
- 32. + History The distinction between history and historiography Nature and problems of historical facts Compare and contrast history with other disciplines Role of bias Selection in the historical process
- 33. + Arts Definitions and descriptions of the central characteristics of the arts Defend the criteria for artistic judgment How art fits in the human experience Artistic knowledge versus other forms of knowledge Theories on the role of truth in the context of the arts
- 34. + Natural sciences Can you help me draw a scientist on the board? What comes to your mind when I say a scientist? How does a scientist look?
- 35. +
- 36. + Ethics Imagine you are a large Jewish familiy hiding from the Nazis during the Second World War. One day you hear the soldiers coming towards your house. You hide in a very safe spot in your basement, as a family. You are sure that you will not be found. Then the youngest member of your family, the three month old baby starts crying while the Nazis are upstairs in your home. Would you kill the baby to save 7 people? Or would you sacrifice all 7 people instead of killing the baby?
- 37. + The Arts – Effects of music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32A7bTalgAE&feature=plcp
- 38. + The Arts – Effect of music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os6raCCmAFk&feature=plcp
- 39. + The TOK Essay 1200 – 1600 words Addressing knowledge issues – Understanding Knowledge issues Student voice Analysis of these knowledge issues Organization of Ideas
- 40. + Resources - Sue Bastian – TOK Category 2 Workshop Materials New York City, July 2012 - Theory of Knowledge , Sue Bastian, Pearson Baccalaureate 2009 - Theory Of Knowledge – Nicholas Alchin, Hodder Murray 2006 - Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma – Richard van de Lagemaat, Cambridge University Press 2011