Tools for Information Processes: Organising
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The document discusses different methods of organizing and processing data, including representing letters and numbers in different formats, and how that affects processing. It also covers organizing data before using it in other information processes. Finally, it discusses practical tasks like saving a document in different file formats and some key characteristics of different file types for images, sound, animation, and video.
Tools for Information Processes: Organising
- 1. Tools for Information Processing
- 2. Organising is the process of arranging, representing or formatting data for the use of other information processes
- 3. how different methods of organising affect processing, for example: letters of the alphabet represented as images rather than text numbers represented as text rather than numeric
- 4. Data that has been collected needs to be processed before being used, however processing can support any stage of the information processes The organising process can have major effects on other processes, eg, when you scan something as an image rather than text
- 5. Practical Task: Type up the following in MS Word. Save as MS Word document PDF (You will need to print as…PDF) HTML RTF TXT
- 8. Images Still pictures can be either bit mapped or vector Paint graphics are saved as bit-maps Each individual pixel is saved Pixel = Pic ture El ement (smallest part of the image
- 9. Note the pixels when the image is enlarged
- 10. Stored as Vectors Co-ordinates needed to define the shapes are saved 5,5 1,1 5,2 0,0 0,4 0,0 0,10
- 11. Image Pallete: Eg, Gif are limited to 256 colours (for compression) RGB vs CMKY
- 12. Format Adv antages Disadvantages BMP Gif Jpeg/jpg png WMF Flash .swf
- 13. Data is stored as a wave, with corresponding points stored.
- 14. Sound is analog data: it has continuous variable points Audio is sound which has been digitised by a computer Sound is converted to audio via the sound card which is a d a and a d converter
- 15. Sampling has 3 characteristics Sampling rate: number of times a sample (Slice) is taken from a sound wave. Higher sampling rate, the better quality the sound Two common sampling Rates: 44.1kHz (44100 samples per second) 22.05kHz (22050 samples per second)
- 16. Sample size is the number of bits per sample (number of possible points) More bits= higher quality sound 8 bit 16 bit
- 17. Format Compression Features MP3 Ogg Vorbis WMA WAV
- 18. Animation is the movement of a graphic that is the result of still images placed together in a sequence and run over time Video combines pictures and sounds displayed over time. Video (as opposed to animation) starts with a continuous event and breaks it up into frames, whereas an animation starts with frames.
- 19. Analog signals (pictures and audio) are converted to digital signals via a video capture card A video or animation is made up of frames: individual pictures that are put together to create the illusion of movement.
- 20. Video files are very large, which is an important factor in deciding what hardware to use to store the video files. Speed is an issue in video and animation…the frame rate is the number of frames per second that are shown Higher frame rate = higher quality, smoother video= more file size needed
- 21. Compression Features FLV SWF AVI MPEG4 MOV