The document discusses 5 key user interface elements for Android apps: 1) Android UI layouts use Views and ViewGroups to create interactive components like buttons and text fields, 2) Android UI controls like TextViews and EditTexts are used to design interfaces, 3) Event handling captures user interactions with interface elements, 4) Styles and themes define looks and feels through centralized XML files, and 5) Custom components can be created to extend built-in views.
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