Topic 3.2 questions

Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins Due Date:
Student Name:

Blog resource: http://tinyurl.com/4m5aqbz Click4Biology: http://tinyurl.com/4atlxq6

Cite all sources using the CSE method (or ISO 690 Numerical in Word). The first example has
been done for you. Highlight all objective 1 command terms in yellow. Highlight all objective 2
and 3 command terms in green

1. Define organic molecule.
• “Organic compounds are based on carbon and are found in living
things.” (1)

2. List three carbon-containing groups or molecules that are not organic.
•
•
•

There are many organic molecules in living things. The same (or very similar)
molecules are used in many different living things for the same purpose.

3. Saccharides are sugars and carbohydrates. Sugars (monosaccharides and
disaccharides) are used to build up carbohydrates (polysaccharides).
a. State what happens to the structure of monosaccharides when they are
placed in water.
•

b. Draw the simplified (ring) structures of glucose and ribose. Number the
carbon atoms correctly. Which sugar is a pentose? Which is a hexose?
How are they named this way?

Stephen Taylor Bandung International School http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

Student Name:

4. Condensation of monosaccharides is a polymerization reaction. It can continue to
create a longer chain of saccharides (a carbohydrate). These building reactions are
anabolic metabolism.

a. Deﬁne polymer.

•

b. Annotate and complete diagram below to outline how two monosaccharides

are converted into a disaccharide through condensation, producing a

glycosidic bond. Include a word equation.
What else is needed to make the reaction occur?

c. Complete the table below:

-saccharides examples Plant or animal? Function/ uses

Glucose
animal Quickly absorbed and used in
Mono- Galactose respiration
plant

plant

Di- Lactose
animal
Dimer of glucose, broken down
from starch.
Insoluble storage of glucose in
animal the liver, produced using
insulin.
Poly-
Starch
plant
Structural unit in plant cell walls


Student Name:

Anabolic reactions are those which build organic molecules (such as condensation of
saccharides). Catabolic reactions break them down (e.g. digestion).

Hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction which breaks down organic molecules.

d. State the function of hydrolase.

e. Outline this reaction using an example of a dimer of two pentose sugars.
Explain the relevance of the name of the reaction.

Remember:
Condensation makes bonds: Hydrolysis breaks
bonds.
4. Fatty acids and glycerol are used in the production of triglycerides.
a. In the space below, draw the generalized structures of fatty acids and
glycerol.

b. Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. (Nutrition
revision).
Bonding Shape of chain (draw) State at room temp

Saturated

Unsaturated


Student Name:

c. Draw a generalized fatty acid or glycerol molecule :

d. Outline the relevance of the following properties of lipids.

Energy storage*
Thermal
insulation*
Protection

Buoyancy

Membranes

Hormones

*Essential exam examples
e. Write a word equation for the formation of one triglyceride from fatty
acids and glycerol.

f. Outline how condensation reactions produce one triglyceride molecule
(including the name of the bonds produced):

g. Explain why condensation of fatty acids and glycerol to produce a
triglyceride is not an example of polymerization.


Student Name:

h. Compare lipids and carbohydrates in terms of energy storage:

carbohydrates lipids

Stored as…?

Long/short term storage?

Ease of digestion/
release of energy?

Energy per gram?

Solubility in water?
(and consequence)
Use of oxygen in
metabolism?
(and consequence)

5. Proteins are the tertiary (or quaternary) structure of polypeptides, polymers of
amino acids.
a. In the space below, draw the structure of a general amino acid. Include
(and label) the amine group, carboxyl group and ‘R’ group.

b. There are ____ different amino acids, each coded for by a triplet of bases
on DNA. The R-group is the region of variation between the amino acids
and determines its properties.

c. Outline how the diversity of amino acids leads to inﬁnite possibilities of
polypeptides’
i. Polypeptide length:

ii. Amino acid sequence:


Student Name:

d. Use a diagram to show condensation and hydrolysis of peptides.


Student Name:

Works Cited
1. Burrell, John. 3.2 Monomers and polymers of organic molecules. Click4Biology.
[Online] 2010. http://click4biology.info/c4b/3/Chem3.2.htm#one.

2. Allott, Andrew. IB Study Guide: Biology for the IB Diploma. s.l. : Oxford University
Press, 2007. 978-0-19-915143-1.

3. Mindorff, D and Allott, A. Biology Course Companion. Oxford : Oxford University
Press, 2007. 978-099151240.

4. Clegg, CJ. Biology for the IB Diploma. London : Hodder Murray, 2007.
978-0340926529.

5. Campbell N., Reece J., Taylor M., Simon. E. Biology Concepts and Connections. San
Fransisco : Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2006. 0-8053-7160-5.

6. Taylor, Stephen. Science Video Resources. [Online] Wordpress, 2010. http://
sciencevideos.wordpress.com.

7. IBO. Biology Subject Guide. [Online] 2007. http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/
migrated/production-app2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/1.html.


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