Total station 11 updated basic version here
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Total station 11 updated basic version here
Total station 11 updated basic version here
- 1. 1 TOTAL STATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SURVEYING
- 2. INTRODUCTION A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distance of object to the instrument.
- 3. INTRODUCTION TOTAL STATION is a combination of Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instrument (EDM) Electronic Theodolite and A simple Microprocessor
- 4. INTRODUCTION It also has a memory card to store the data. It also consists of battery socket which houses the battery. A fully charged battery works for about 3 to 8 hrs continuously
- 5. DIFFERENT PARTS OF TOTAL STATION
- 6. ACCESSORIES FOR TOTAL STATION
- 7. ACCESSORIES FOR TOTAL STATION Depending upon the prism measuring distance vary Lengths up to about 2 km can be measured with a single prism, and up to about 6 to 7 km with triple prism. single prism triple prism
- 8. FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY TOTAL STATIONS Total Stations, with their micro processors, can perform a variety of functions and computations, depending on how they are programmed. The capabilities vary with different instruments, but some standard computations include: Averaging multiple angle and distance measurements. Correcting electronically measured distances from prism constant, atmospheric pressure, and temperature.
- 9. FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY TOTAL STATIONS Making curvature and refraction corrections to elevations determine by trigonometric levelling. Reducing slope distances to their horizontal and vertical components. Calculating point elevations from the vertical distance components (supplemented with keyboard input of instrument and reflector heights). Computing coordinates of survey points from horizontal angle and horizontal distance
- 10. ACCURACY OF A TOTAL STATION: Error due to the length of measurement. It can be from + / – 10mm to + / – 2mm per kilometer. 1 prism, 2.5–2.7 km2 prisms 5-7 km3 prisms
- 11. ACCURACY OF A TOTAL STATION: The accuracy achieved with total station is mainly depends on operator procedure of Careful centering and leveling of the instrument Accurate pointing at targets. Taking averages of multiple angle measurements made in both direct and reverse positions Peripheral equipment that can affect accuracy includes Tribrachs Optical plummets Prism and Prism poles Tribrachs must provide a snug fit without slippage
- 12. OPERATION OF TOTAL STATION Because the Total Station contains delicate electronic components they are not as rugged as ordinary Theodolite. They must be packed and transported carefully, handled gently and carefully removed form their cases. The setting of Total Station over the station mark is similar to an ordinary Theodolite. This includes Centering Leveling Removal of parallax
- 13. APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL STATION IN SURVEYING There are many other facilities available, the total station can be used for the following purposes Remote elevation measurement- (REM) Fixing of missing pillars (or) Setting out (or) Stake out. Resection. Area calculations, etc. Remote distance measurement (RDM) or Missing line measurement (MLM)
- 14. APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL STATION IN SURVEYING (REMOTE ELEVATION MEASUREMENT (REM)) The process of finding the height of objects without actually going to the top of the object is known as Remote Elevation Measuring (REM) i.e., a total station placed remotely (faraway) from the object is used to measure the heights
- 15. APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL STATION IN SURVEYING FIXING OF MISSING PILLARS (OR) SETTING OUT (OR) STAKE OUT: The process of fixing missing pillars on the ground using its theoretical coordinates is known as STAKE OUT. Here two other known coordinates are required. Process of finding the positions of known coordinates points e.g. missing boundary pillars.
- 16. The process of finding the coordinate of the instrument position making use of other control points (points whose coordinates are known) is known as RESECTION APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL STATION IN SURVEYING RESECTION:
- 17. APPLICATIONS OF TOTAL STATION IN SURVEYING AREA CALCULATION: Area can be computed of any figure just by giving the coordinates of the corner of the figure. Area Calculation. Process of finding the area of a closed figure.
- 18. USES OF TOTAL STATION The uses of Total Station are as follows: Mine Survey Engineering Survey Large Scale Survey Road / Rail / Canal Survey
- 19. ADVANTAGES OF TOTAL STATION SURVEYING Great accuracy in area computation Quick setting of instrument on tripod using laser plummet Multiple surveys can be performed at one set-up location Relatively quick collection of data On-board display of mesurents of co-ordinates areas etc..
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