Total watershed management

TOTAL WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
OF MADGYAL VILLAGE
In Collabration with IIT B- CTARA.

PRESENTED BY
Gayatri Gurav Vikrant Meshram
Purva Kulkarni Shridhar Kumbhar
Snehal Kurade Ajit Mali

UNDER THE GUIADANCE OF
Prof. S. S. Kumbhar

Total Watershed Management 2

TOTAL
WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT


CONTENTS
 BACKGROUND
 INTRODUCTION
 NEED
 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE
 COMPONENTS OF DESIGN
 METHODOLOGY
 RECOMMENDATION AND FUTURE
WORK


BACKGROUND


• Sangli is a district of Maharashtra
State in west central India.
• The district is situated in the river
basins of Warna and Krishna rivers.
• Other small rivers such as Morna,
Yerla, Manganga, Agrani, Nani and
Bor also flow through it.
• Total population of Sangli district is
28,20,575 out of which1,435,972 are
Males and 1,384,603 are Females.


• Density of population-329 people per
sq.km
• The district is 25.51% Urban and
74.41% Rural
• There are 10 Talukas in the District
• They are-Miraj, Tasgaon, Kavathe-
Mahankal, Jat, Kanapur, Atapadi,
Walwa, Kadegaon, Palus, Shirala
• Co-ordinates-16º51´36´´N
• 74º34´12´´E
• Its Altitude is 610 MSL


Map of Sangli District

• Literacy rate - 82.62%
Male – 90.40%
Female – 74.66%
• Sex Ratio -1000:964
• Avg rainfall of district is 425mm
• Maximum temperature in summer
38ºC.
• Minimum temperature in winter
12ºC.
• Sangli experiences semiarid climate
and has three distinct seasons.

LANDUSE AND PATTERN
 Geographical area: 861000 hect.
 Cultivable area: 595600 hect
 Forest area: 47314 hect
 Land under non agricultural use:46000
hect.
 Permanent pastures: 19094 hect.
 Cultivable waste land: 14600 hect.
 Land under miscellaneous trees crops
and grooves: 15348 hect.


 Barren and uncultivable land: 38800
hect.
 Current fallows: 42985 hect.
 Other fallows: 37219 hect.


MAJOR SOILS
 Shallow black/red soil: 389.4 hect.
 Deep black soils : 142.7 hect.
 Medium black soils: 63.4 hect.


INTRODUCTION


What is WATERSHED MANAGEMENT:

 A watershed, also called a
"drainage basin”, is an area in
which all water flowing into it goes
to a common outlet, such as the
same river or reservoir.


catchments

catchments

catchments
catchments

flow
direction

catchments

river

a tributary drainage line

an imaginary line dividing the flow directions is passing through these points

drainage map of the area

the divide line of a drainage area

this line bounds the watershed area of the shown drainage line

Features of watershed
management:

 Size and shape of watershed
 Watershed boundary
 Topography of watershed land
 Soil type
 Amount and intensity of rainfall
 Vegetative cover
 Water resource and their capabilities.


Objectives of watershed
management
 Conservation of soil and water.

 To manage and utilize the runoff water for
useful purpose.

 To protect, conserve and improve the land
of watershed for more efficient and
sustained production

 To increase infiltration of rainwater.


 To protect and enhance the water resource
originating in the watershed.

 To check soil erosion and to reduce the effect of
sediment yield on the watershed.

 To improve and increase the production of
timbers, fodder and wild life resource.

 To enhance the ground water recharge,
wherever applicable


Control measures:-
 Engineering measures ( Structural
practices)
1. Contour bunding
2. Terracing
3. Construction of earthen
embankment
4. Construction of check dams
5. Construction of farm ponds
6. Construction of diversion
7. Gully controlling structure

CASE STUDY:
 Village Wankute is located high in
Sahyadri mountain range of
Maharashtra.
 It was dry and nearly barren place in
1990 and water was supplied with the
help of tankers.
 Problem was, the rainfall was limited.
 With the help of one NGO, they
implemented various techniques of
WSM like construction of bunds,
checkdams,vegetation,plantation.

 Now, water table has increased, no need
of tankers.
 Overall employment increased.
 All types of crops can be cultivated.
 No shortage of potable water and no
waterborne diseases.
 Built new community hall,2 schools,
public health center etc.
 WSM have contributed to overall
development of village very well.


NEED


NEED OF WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT IN MADGYAL
 The precipitation intensity and
characteristic vary drastically in Sangli
district.
 In the parts of Krishna river basin and
vicinity the rainfall statistics are
comparatively good and enough to
recharge major catchment.
 On the contrary, the eastern region is
more drought prone and is
consistently under water scarce
condition.

MADGYAL
 Madgyal is a village in Jath Taluka,
district Sangli.
 Coordinates are Latitude 17°02’56.94” N
Longitude 75° 13’8.14” E
 It is 21.8 km away from taluka main town
Jath.
 Area of Madgyal village is 2256
hectares.
 Total population of Madgyal village is
5555;male:2571,female:2264.
 Average annual rainfall
:382.18mm(2002-2012)

 Literacy rate of madgyal is 60.82%
 Sex ratio is 881 females per 1000
males.
 Major occupation is sheep rearing and
minor occupation is agriculture and
other agro based side business.
 Total water requirement of madgyal is
1,11,100 lit/day.


 Perrinial River flowing in the vicinity of
madgyal is krishna (100km).
 Lakes in Jat Taluka are Birnal lake ,
Tilahalli lake
 Lakes are not perennial hence posing
a problem.


 This minimum requirement of water is
hard to be satisfied all year long.
 Water scarcity arises in the month of
January and lasts up to may.
 These five months tend to be critical
water shortage period .


 The existing water supply scheme is
driven by lake water and is not
perennial
 There is no such existing rain water
harvesting scheme present in the
village.
 The water available due to rains is not
conserved .
 The dual effect of less rain and no
conservation has led to scarce

 Hence there is an extreme need of
feasible and sustainable methods of
watershed to this village.
 Through watershed the available rain
water can be usefully led to recharge
resources or directly store and use it
during the water scarcity.


OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF
WORK
 To analyze water resources available
in selected area.
 To know the socio-economic condition
of people.
 To know the water demand and
supply.
 Suggestion of watershed management
techniques.
 Data preparation with the help of GIS.

COMPONENTS OF DESIGN


INTRODUCTION
 What is GIS?

 GIS package developed by CSRE, IIT Bombay.
 Software with modules of Map editing, Raster
analysis, Terrain Modeling, Watershed
delineation.


 GIS analysis.

 GIS analysis is a procedure for looking at geographical
patterns in our data and the releationships between its
features .A GIS is a system of hardware, software and
procedures to facilitate the management, manipulation,
analysis, modelling, representation and display of
georeferenced data to solve complex problems
regarding planning and management of resources. All
GIS software has been designed to handle spatial data,
characterized by information on, connections with
different features and details of non-spatial
characteristics.


SCOPE OF ‘GIS’
 Total area of water flowing towards an
outlet point (Pour point).

 Water flows in the direction of the terrain
steepest downhill slope. Streamlines are
orthogonal to the contour lines.

 Drainage line are found along the highest
points of the terrain.


TOPO SHEET


A. Data collection
1. Physiographical data:
e.g. location, elevation, geology, drainage patterns, slope.

2. Land use and cover types:
e.g. forest, cultivated, water areas.

3. Climate and hydrology:
e.g. Precipitation, temperature, stream flow, evaporation.

4. Socio economic data:
e.g. farming type, production income education.

5. Institutional and culturable data:
e.g. farmers organization, tradition, religions.

6. Management needs:
e.g. environmental impacts, treatment need, infrastructure needs.

B. Feasibilities, Alternatives & recommendations
Some of the techniques can be used in watershed
management as given below:

1. Contour bunding
2. Broad beds and furrows
3. Artificial recharge
4. Check dames
5. Terracing
6. Grassland development
7. Tree plantation
8. Lift irrigation schemes
9. Stopping ground water flow
10. Storage of rain water
11. Connecting to other water body etc.

1. Contour bunding

• Function: To intercept the run off flowing down the
slope by an embankment.

2. Broad beds and furrows

• Function: To control erosion and to conserve soil
moisture in the soil during rainy days.

3. Artificial recharge
 Function : To increase ground water level so that
it can be used in scared condition. To
augment the ground water recharge.

Percolation canal

4. Check dams

 Function: To conserve water by constructing
check dams and use it when required.

5. Bench Terracing
• Function: It helps to bring sloping land into
different level strips to enable cultivation.

Watershed Management
-Recommendation & Future Scope

Recommendation
• Analysis
of primary data and its correlation with
the ground water data collected.

•Attractthe resources and funds to tackle priority
actions to improve watershed and lake health.

•Inform stakeholders and guide actions well into
the future

•Securing required resources.

•Engaging stakeholder groups and the
public on the Terms of Reference and
obtaining their input into the Plan.

•Identifying existing data, defining data
gaps, data collection and analysis.

•Community Consultation to identify the
priority issues impacting water quality
and associated mitigation measures.

Future Scope

•Solution to expensive bulk water transfer

•Improve predictability.

•Providing drinking water for rural people.

•Incremental increase in water availability.

• Implementation, good practices, success/
failure reasons and then related it with ground
water data obtained.

• Saving in time for availing domestic water

WORK DONE TO DATE
•TRAINING WORKSHOP AT IIT B
•DATA COLLECTION
•VISIT TO JATH,MADGYAL
•WATER SAMPLE TESTING
•WORKSHOP FOR TRAINING IN QGIS.
•INITIALISATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
SURVEY.

 D:R.R. schemeJATH RAINFALL.xlsx


MEETING WITH
TAHASILDAR,JATH
TALUKA


NEWS OF VISIT TO
MADGYAL VILLAGE
IN PUDHARI NEWS
PAPER


TESTING OF
WATER SAMPLE
TAKEN FROM SITE


THANK YOU


Total watershed management

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