Total Weather (in progress)

Weather is… THE SHORT TERM CONDITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Weather is the result of the interrelationship between the following 4 ATMOSPHERIC VARIABLES:TEMPERATUREHUMIDITY

WIND 1.Air Temperature:measures how much kinetic energy the air molecules have 2. Air Pressure: caused by the weight of atmosphere pushing down3. Wind:Horizontal Movementof aircaused by differencesin pressure

4. Humidity:Moisture content of the atmosphere

In what layer of our atmosphere does our weather occur?Troposphere

What is our atmosphere made of?

Argon0.93 %Carbon Dioxide0.03 %Water vapor0.0 to 4.0 %0.01 % Neon Helium Methane Krypton Hydrogen Ozone XenonOxygen21%Nitrogen78%Other1%

See Front Cover of your ESRT!!!

1.Air Temperature:measures how much kinetic energy the air molecules have

Each time a moleculehits the thermometer bulbenergy is transferred and the temperature rises

WHICH SAMPLE HAS MOREKINETIC ENERGY?MotionCOLDHOT

WHICH SAMPLE HAS MOREKINETIC ENERGY?MotionHOTCOLDEnergy transferred

HOTCOLDHot air risesbecause of increased kinetic energy

Three scales are use to measure temperature:1. Fahrenheit

3. KelvinWE WILL USE THIS THERMOMETER TO CONVERT FROM CELSIUS TO FARENHEIT TO KELVINSEE REFERENCETABLE PAGE 13

Each notchIs worth2 degreesEach notchis worth1 degree9519085355170Each notch is worth 1 degree345150335

ALL YOU NEED TO DOIS READ ACROSS ANDUSE A STRAIGHT EDGE ICE BOILINGWATER1. FARENHEIT 2. CELSIUS 3. KELVIN32212 0100273373

15870 CELSIUS = FARENHEIT = KELVIN343

82 180 FARENHEIT = CELSIUS = KELVIN355

ABSOLUTE ZERO (ZERO DEGREESKELVIN)Lowest possible temperatureNO KINETIC ENERGY THE MOLECULES ARE NOT MOVING

REVIEW QUESTONS:WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATEST KINETIC ENERGY?ABDC

WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATESTPOTENTIAL ENERGY?ABDC

DURING ENERGY CHANGES, IF ONE BODYIS LOSING ENERGY, THE OTHER IS _______ ENERGY:GainingTHE WAVE LOSESENERGY:THE SAND GAINS ENERGY

DURING ENERGY CHANGES, IF ONE BODYIS LOSING ENERGY THE OTHER IS GAINING ENERGY:THE WAVE LOSESENERGY:THE SAND GAINS ENERGY

DURING ENERGY CHANGESTHE TOTAL ENERGY REMAINS THE SAMEENERGY ALWAYS FLOWS FROM HIGH TO LOW (source to sink)

THE ENERGY WILL FLOW FROM:THE FLAME TO THEFINGER

ENERGY WILL FLOW FROMICETHE FINGER TO THE ICE

THE LIQUIDLOSES ENERGY AS THEICE GAINS ENERGY

WHEN WILL THE EXCHANGEOF ENERGY STOP?WHENEQUILIBRIUMIS REACHED THE LIQUID ANDTHE ICE REACH THE SAMETEMPERATURE

The Affects of Air Temperature

Imagine two open containers of air:One is filled with hot airand the other is filled with cold airHOTCOLD

Which container has more kinetic energy?HOTCOLD

Which container has higher air pressure?HOTCOLD

Which container has greater density?HOTCOLD

Air moleculeWater moleculeWhich container can hold more water?COLDHOT

Air moleculeWater moleculeHOTCOLD

In summary:Hot air has more kinetic energy

hot air rises 2. Air Pressure: caused by the weight of atmosphere pushing downAs altitudeincreasesPressuredecreases

A barometermeasurespressure in inches of mercury or millibars see reference table page 13

Standard pressure is1013.2 millibars or29.92 inches of mercury

Each notch is worth 1.0Each notch is worth 0.011039.030.651038.01037.0

Convert 1040.0 millibarsto inches of mercury

Atmospheric Pressure:Effected by water vapor

Water vapor is very _________ compared to dry air:light(Nitrogen is heavier than hydrogen and oxygen)

SO:When water vapor is added to dry air the air pressure___________decreases

Because the air is lighterDecreases in air that is full of water vapor Pressure

SummaryHOT:COLD:less dense , lighter

more pressureWhat will happen?If you add water vapor to the inside of a container and seal it, what will happen?SIT BACK AND WATCH!

equilibriumThe Earth is always trying to achieve_______________

highEnergy is constantly being re-distributedflowing from _______to _______low

How can we decreasepressure without changing our elevation?Increase temperatureIncrease humidity

Warmer and WetLow pressure High pressureCooler and Dry

Latitude…. Earth Poles lowTemp:pressure:density: humidity:highhighlowEQUATORhightemp:pressure:density:humidity:lowlowhigh

Come fromWinds are described by the direction they ___________

Winds distribute energyhighThey blow from _______ pressure to______pressurelow

FASTESTWINDSOCCURWHERE THE ISOBARS ARE_________________Close together

N30.029.8WSFASTESTSPEED29.6NE WINDE

29.629.8SW WIND30.0NWEFASTESTSPEEDS

29.8FASTESTSPEEDL29.630.0NWEWinds blow TowardThe centerS

4. Humidity and CLOUD FORMATION

The Formation of CloudsA. Define cloud:large group of H2O droplets suspended in airB. Steps involved in cloud formation:warm moist air rises expands cools condenses

1. Describe the mass of air that would lead to cloud formation in terms of temperature, humidity, densityWarmMoistLow density

2. The air will risebecause oflow density3. Describe what the air does asit rises: expands cools condenses

4. Clouds will form if this rising moist aira. cools to the dew point temp.b. has condensation nuclei available. (dust, pollutants etc..)

C. Basic Cloud Types:1. Cirrus: high and feathery (fair weather)2. Cumulus: white and puffy (fair weather)3. Stratus: covers the sky like a blanket (precipitation probable)

D. Effects of aMountain Range:OrographicEffect(adiabatic cooling)

CondensesDry aircoolsSinksexpandsWindcompresseswarmsMoistairrisesmountain

1. The side of the mountain with the moist prevailing winds is called the_____________ Summary:Windward sidemoist airrisesexpandscoolscondensesWind

2. The air descends to the otherside of the mountain which is called the ______________________Summary:Leeward sidedry airsinkscompresseswarmsWind

D. PrecipitationA. Describe what causes precipitation:Precipitation forms around Dust particles (pollutants) droplets combine (coalesce)become heavy and fall

B. Explain why precipitation cleans the atmosphere:as precipitation forms around dust/pollutants…they are removed from theatmosphere as precipitation falls

When the dew point temperature and air temperature approach each other what happens to the chance of precipitation and why?The chance of precipitation increases because the air is more saturated

E. Complete the chart below:WarmmoistRiseExpandDecreaseDecreaseCoolSinkCompressIncreaseIncrease

Dew Point and Relative Humidity!

Dew Point TemperatureThe temperature at which the air is holding the ____________ amount of water. The air is _____________Maximumsaturated

Relative Humidity:The ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air, to the maximum amount it can hold. It is usually expressed as a __________. As the temperature increases, the maximum absolute humidity _____________ but the relative humidity will decreasepercentageStay the same,

The dew point and relative humidity are determined by using an instrument called a _______________________slingpsychrometer

The psychrometer has two thermometers, a dry bulb and a wet bulb. The psychrometer is whirled in the air so that evaporation will occur.

The lower the moisture content of the air, the ________ evaporation will occur from the wet bulb and the wet bulb temperature will be _________morelowered

Use your ESRT to fill in the chart…The answer the questions

Do Now:Read the “Structure of the atmosphere notes” and answer questions 1 through 6 using your reference tables.

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:Cloud cover: 50 %Air temp = 20°CAir pressure = 996 mbDew point temperature = 18 °C Wind speed 25 knotsWind direction SW

Synoptic Weather MapsAtmospheric variables are collected from thousands of weather stations around the world four times each day.

1. Station ModelProvides a summary of the current atmospheric conditions in an area.

Additional symbols used on weather maps and station models

The circle represents the actual weather station at its location

The shaded portion of the circle represents the % cloud.

The line represents the direction the wind is coming from.

The feathers represent the wind speed. Each whole feather is 10 knots and each half feather is 5 knots. 1 knot = 1.15 m/hr.

The number in the upper left represents the current temperature in Fahrenheit degrees.

The symbol * represents the present weather.

The number to the left of present weather is visibility in miles.

The bottom left number represents the dew point in degrees Fahrenheit.

The top right number represents the barometric pressure in short hand millibars. 196 = 1019.6 millibars.

The middle right number represents the barometric trend. A steady 1.9mb rise in the past 3 hours.

Bottom right is the amount of precipitation in the last 6 hoursWeather Station Models196286*+1.9/ 27.25

The Barometric Pressure on a Station Map is in code… The number 9 or 10 has been omitted from the front

Rule for converting the code into millibars:1088.7887= ___________Because if the first digit is 5 or greater add _________ and place a decimal point before the last digit. A 10 in front

Rule for converting the code into millibars:916.52. 165= ___________Because if the first digit is less than 5 add ________ and place a decimal point before the last digit. a 9 in front

Change the following to abbreviated form:956.4:______________1014.3: _____________564143

Change from abbreviated form:964:______________126: _____________996.41014.3

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:Cloud cover: 50 %Air temp = 20°C = Air pressure = 996 mbDew point temperature = 18 °C Wind speed 25 knotsWind direction SW68°F68

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:Cloud cover: 50 %Air temp = 20°CAir pressure = 996 mb =Dew point temperature = 18 °C Wind speed 25 knotsWind direction SW099668960

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:Cloud cover: 50 %Air temp = 20°CAir pressure = 996 mbDew point temperature = 18 °C =64 °FWind direction SW Wind speed 25 knots96068

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:Cloud cover: 50 %Air temp = 20°CAir pressure = 996 mbDew point temperature = 18 °C =64Wind direction SW Wind speed 25 knots9606864

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:Cloud cover: 50 %Air temp = 20°CAir pressure = 996 mbDew point temperature = 18 °C Wind direction SWWind speed 25 knots9606864

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:Cloud cover: 50 %Air temp = 20°CAir pressure = 996 mbDew point temperature = 18 °C Wind direction SW Wind speed 25 knots9606864

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:Cloud cover: 50 %Air temp = 20°CAir pressure = 996 mbDew point temperature = 18 °C Wind direction SW Wind speed 25 knotsAdd sleet9606864

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:Cloud cover: 50 %Air temp = 20°CAir pressure = 996 mbDew point temperature = 18 °C Wind direction SW Wind speed 25 knotsAdd Raina steady 1.9mbrise in the past3 hours96068+1.9/64

Construct a Station Model Using the following Weather Data:75% cloudswinds from the N.W.wind speed 35 knotsair temperature 28F, dew point temp. 20Fvisibility 5 milesbarometric pressure 1032.5barometric trend 1.1 falling steadilypresent weather is snow325285*-1.1\20

Video:The Greenhouse EffectHandout: label the diagrams

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECTHEAT ISTRAPPED BY THE GLASS OFTHE GREENHOUSEIncoming isShort waveoutgoing isLonger waveEnergy absorbed

What are the Greenhouse gases?CO2H20 VAPORINFRAREDMETHANE GAS

The Earth Receives Energy from two sources:

ElectromagneticAll matter radiates some__________________________Energy

ALLThe sun emits energy in _____ wavelengthsof the electromagneticspectrum

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 1410-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4gammaX rayMicrowavesUltra violetInfraredRadio wavesIncreasingwavelengthDecreasingwavelengthvisibleViolet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

infraredThe Earth radiates_____________ (heat)

Each type of energy differs in its __________wavelength10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4gammaX rayMicrowavesUltra violetInfraredRadio wavesIncreasingwavelengthDecreasingwavelengthvisibleViolet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4gammaX rayMicrowavesUltra violetInfraredRadio wavesIncreasingwavelengthDecreasingwavelengthvisibleViolet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

SHORT WAVE LENGTHS ARE: MOSTLY ABSORBED byTHE OZONE GAMMAOZONE

SHORT WAVE LENGTHS ARE MOSTLYABSORBED by THE OZONE IN THE STRATOSPHERE gamma,X-RAYSOZONE

SHORT WAVE LENGTHS ARE MOSTLYABSORBED by THE OZONE IN THE STRATOSPHERE gamma, x-rays,UVOZONE

OZONEVISIBLE LIGHT :PASSES THROUGHTHE ATMOSPHEREWITH THE GREATEST INTENSITY

Sun emits allwavelengths(heat)infraredEarth re-radiates

Interactions between Electromagnetic Energy & The Environment:

1.2.3.4.5.ABSORBTION- UV ABSORBED by OZONE IN STRATOSPHEREINFRARED ABSORBED BYCO2&H2O vapormethane, nitrous oxideREFLECTIONSCATTERINGREFRACTIONTRANSMISSION- BY CLOUDS, ICE, SNOW & WATER- BY AEROSOLS, WATER DROPLETS, ICE CRYSTALS,AIR POLLUTANTS, DUST, POLLENLIGHT IS BENT AS ITMOVES THROUGH VARIED DENSITIESWHEN ENERGY PASSES THROUGH A MEDIUM

1. ABSORPTION2. REFLECTION3.SCATTERING4. REFRACTION5. TRANSMISSION

halfLess than ______of the incoming solar radiationis receivedby the Earth’s surface

Surface properties of the Earth and Absorption of Energy:

Reflection vs. Absorption & RadiationColor:Texture:Light (white) reflectsdark (black) absorbsRough surface absorbssmooth surface reflects

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: LAB10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0 10 2 10 4gammaX rayMicrowavesUltra violetInfraredRadio wavesIncreasingwavelengthDecreasingwavelengthvisibleViolet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red

6. How does tooMuch contribute to Global warming?CO2CO2H20 VAPORINFRAREDMETHANE GASCO2 absorbsinfrared

A. Air Mass: large amount of air with the same temperature and humidity

B. List the characteristics that an air mass picks up from its place of origin: 1. 2. temperaturehumidity

C. Types of Air Masses:Describe the Air MassOriginSymbolcOver LandDry - HeavierContinentalmOver WaterMoist - LighterMaritimeLow LatitudesTWarm - Less DenseTropicalHigh LatitudesPCool - More DensePolarVery High LatitudesAArcticCold - Very Dense

Name and DescriptionDescribe the Air MassSymbolContinentalTropicalcTDry and WarmmTMoist and WarmMaritimeTropicalContinental PolarcPDry and CoolMaritime PolarmPMoist and CoolContinental ArcticcADry and Very Cold

E. Types of Air Masses:cPmPmPcPcTmTmT

Local windCaused by the unequal heating of land and water.

This creates density difference.

Draw the diagrams in your notes.Planetary Wind BeltsReference TablesPage 14

Planetary wind Pattern If The Earth Didn’t Rotate

Cold air would_______ at the poles and flow along the surface of the Earth toward the__________sinkequator

riselow Air would then warm atthe equator and_____________(due to ___________ density) and flow back to the_____________poles

this would create two great _________ cells over the Earthconvection

II. Earth’s Rotation Effect On Wind Patterns:convection

Coriolis (Rotation)right___________________ effect causesthe winds to deflect to the __________ in theNorthern Hemisphere

Right in the Northern HemisphereIntendedActual dueTo coriolis(rotation)

Left in the Southern HemisphereIntendedActual dueTo coriolis(rotation)

Left And to the __________ in theSouthernHemisphere

two convection cells tobreak into ________convection cells6

Planetary Wind and Moisture Belts in the TroposphereDryNEWet60°NSW Dry 30°NHorse latitudesNEDoldrums Wet 0°SE Dry 30°SHorse latitudesNNWWet60°SWESEDryS

Total Weather (in progress)

More Related Content

Similar to Total Weather (in progress) (20)

More from West Hollow MS Ms. Gill (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Total Weather (in progress)