Translation notes
- 2. DNA and Translation • Gene: section of DNA that creates a specific protein – Approx 25,000 human genes • Proteins are used to build cells and tissue • Protein synthesis involves two processes: 1) Transcription 2) Translation
- 3. • Transcription takes place in the nucleus – 1) DNA double helix is broken apart – 2) mRNA nucleotides match up – 3) Finished mRNA detaches, and moves to a ribosome
- 4. • Codon: Combination of 3 mRNA nucleotides • Each mRNA codon matches with 1 of 20 amino acids • Ribosome reads codons 1 at a time • Codon AUG = Methionine (Start) • Codon GUU = Valine • Codons UAA or UAG or UGA = Stop
- 5. • Defined: Process of making proteins – Step 1: mRNA enters ribosome – Step 2: Ribosome reads one mRNA codon at a time – Step 3: tRNA delivers amino acids until a protein is created
- 6. Translation Details • Translation begins when the mRNA codon “AUG” is read by the ribosome • Each mRNA codon matches with a specific amino acid AUG = methionine GCU = alanine • tRNA carries over the proper amino acid – tRNA anticodon matches with the mRNA codon – Ensures proper match • One by one, amino acids are linked together • Translation ends when a “stop” codon is read by the ribosome • End result: Protein
- 7. Because the codon and anticodon don’t match, the wrong amino acid will not be delivered. This is why the anticodon is important!
- 8. GAU AUG CCG AGU CCA GGA UCU UGA tRNA UAC tRNA GGC tRNA UCA tRNA GGU tRNA CCU tRNA AGA Methionine Pro-line Serine Pro-line Gly-cine Serine
- 9. Practice Problem DNA mRNA codon tRNA anticodon Amino Acid Always use mRNA to find the amino acid
- 10. DNA mRNA codon tRNA anticodon Amino Acid Practice Problem Always use mRNA to find the amino acid
- 11. DNA mRNA codon tRNA anticodon Amino Acid Practice Problem Always use mRNA to find the amino acid C C A G G U C C A
- 12. Kobe Kuiz 1) Define transcription? Translation? 2) What are genes and how are they different from chromosomes? 3) How many nucleotides make a codon? 4) The anticodon can be found on which object? 5) The anticodon must match the ______. 6) Place the following steps in order from start to finish: – Proteins are assembled – Ribosome reads a codon one at a time – mRNA arrives at the ribosome – tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome 7) Be able to solve practice problems similar to the three examples on slides #9-11.
- 13. mRNA codes
- 14. mRNA codes