Translation oriented test analysis
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Nord outlines two types of translation: documentary and instrumental. Documentary translation serves to document a source culture communication, while instrumental translation serves as an independent message in the target culture. Nord also highlights three important aspects of translation-oriented text analysis: 1) Considering the translation commission/brief, 2) Analyzing the source text, and 3) Prioritizing translation problems based on a functional hierarchy. This includes deciding the intended function, required adaptations, and translation style before addressing lower-level linguistic problems.
Translation oriented test analysis
- 3. Translation- oriented text analysis Christiane Nord Translation-oriented text analysis Two basic types of translation product DOCUMENTARY TRANSLATION It ‘serves as a document of a source culture communication between the author and the source text (ST) recipient’
- 4. Translation-oriented text analysis Translation-oriented text analysis e.g., literary translation, word-for-word or literal translations (business contracts, certificates) ‘foreignizing’ or ‘exoticizing’ translations, etc.INSTRUMENTAL TRANSLATION It ‘serves as an independent message- transmitting instrument in a new communicative action in the target culture, and is intended to fulfil its communicative- purpose without the recipient being conscious of reading or hearing a text which, in a different form, was used before in a different communicative situation.’ e.g., ‘function-preserving translations’ (software manual) or ‘function- changing translations’ (translation of Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels for
- 5. Translation-oriented text analysis Translation-oriented text analysis Nord highlights 3 important aspects: 1. the importance of the translation commission (or ‘translation brief’) (cf. Holz-Mänttäri, Vermeer) 2. the importance of text analysis 3. the functional hierarchy or translation problems 1. The translation commission The translator (T) must always keep in mind the client’s request/guidelines etc. T must compare the ST and TT profiles as defined in the commission and see where they may be different.
- 6. Translation-oriented text analysis Translation-oriented text analysis The translation commission should specify (for both ST and TT) (these factors are external in relation to the text) Intended text functions Sender Recipient Time and place of text reception Medium (oral / written) Motive (why the ST was written and why it is being translated) 2. TEXT ANALYSIS Nord’s list of intratextual factors is a possible model for analysing the ST. Subject matter (tema) Content (conteúdo) Presuppositions (pressupostos): real- world factors of the communicative situation presumed to be known to the participants
- 7. Translation-oriented text analysis Translation-oriented text analysis Composition (estrutura) Non-verbal elements (illustrations, italics) (aspectos não-verbais) Lexic (incl. register, specific terminology) (léxico) Sentence structure (sintaxe) 3. The functional hierarchy of translation problems 1. Decide intended function of translation (documentary or instrumental) 2. Determine elements that will need to be adapted to the TT addressee’s situation (after analysis of trans.commission)
- 8. Translation-oriented text analysis The End 3. Decide translation style (SC or TC oriented) based on translation type 4. Deal with problems presented by text at lower linguistic level (as in ST analysis)