TS-01 [Unit-1 2].ppt
- 1. TS-1 Foundation Course in Tourism Credits – 8 Blocks – 9 Units – 35 Block-1: Tourism Phenomenon (3 Units) Course Counsellor: Dr. Mou Roy Email ID: dutta_mou@yahoo.com
- 2. Units • Unit – 1 Understanding Tourism I • Unit – 2 Understanding Tourism II • Unit – 3 Historical Evolution & Development • Unit – 4 Tourism System • Unit – 5 Constitutents of Tourism Industry & Tourism Orgn. • Unit - 6 Tourism Regulations • Unit – 7 Statistics & Measurement • Unit – 8 Modes of Transport • Unit – 9 Tourist Accommodation • Unit – 10 Informal Services in Tourism • Unit – 11 Subsidiary Services: Categories & Roles • Unit – 12 Shops, Emporiums & Melas • Unit – 13 Travel Agency • Unit – 14 Tour Operator • Unit – 15 Guides & Escorts • Unit – 16 Tourism Information: Sources • Unit – 17 India’s Biodiversity: Landscape, Environment & Ecology
- 3. Units • Unit – 18 Seasonality & Destinations • Unit – 19 Map & Chart Work • Unit – 20 Tourism Marketing – 1:Relevance, Product Design, Market Research • Unit – 21 Tourism Marketing: Promotional Events, Advertising, Publicity, Selling • Unit – 22 Role of Media • Unit – 23 Writing for Tourism • Unit – 24 Personality Development & Communication Skills • Unit – 25 Use of History • Unit – 26 Monuments & Museums • Unit – 27 Living Culture & Performing Arts • Unit – 28 Relegions of India • Unit – 29 Tourism Policy & Planning • Unit – 30 Infrastructural Development • Unit – 31 Local Bodies, Officials & Tourism • Unit – 32 Development, Dependency & Monila Declaration • Unit – 33 Economic Impact • Unit – 34 Social, Political & Environmental Impact • Unit – 35 Threats & Obstacles to Tourism
- 4. UNIT 1 UNDERSTANDING TOURISM-1 TOURISM PHENOMENON Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to, and staying in places outside their usual environment, for not more than one consecutive year, for leisure, business and other purposes. The usual environment of a person consists of a certain area around his/her place of residence, plus all the other places he/she frequently visits (UNWTO) Moving away from normal place of work, short- term or temporary visit to other places for pleasure, holidays. In this process we consume goods, services (Such as transportation, accommodation, food) and receive pleasurable new experiences that gives greater interest and curiosity (see different landscape, culture, lifestyles, and see people with different culture and hear other languages) Tourism as a significant phenomena, involves a temporary break with normal routine to engage with experiences that contrast with everyday life, with the mundane
- 5. WHAT IS TOURISM ? Large proportion of the population engages in going away on holiday to places chosen for the anticipation for intense pleasure Tourism, also involves the recognition and collection of signs that represent a reality of another time and another place (e. g. Camel rides in the desert for a person who resides in the hills) Tourists views, requirements, pattern of consumption changes from time to time depending upon their class, gender , and age.
- 6. CONCEPTS Boorstin & Baurdrillard views tourists travel in guided groups isolated from the host environment and people, they remain in an environmental bubble, participate in pseudo – events as they do not encounter the real world on the street level Understanding tourism is very essential for the professional involved in this activity. Therefore It is necessary to Define tourist Understand how tourism emerges Explain the characteristics of the tourist products List type of destinations and identify their attractions Explain what is a tour
- 7. Defining Tourism Hunziker & Kraf (AIEST) “Tourism is the sum of phenomena and relationships arising from travel and stay of non – residents, in so far as it do not lead to permanent residence and is not connected to any earning activity” (This definition excludes day trips , business trips etc.) League of Nations (1937) “Tourism covers the social activity of those who travel for a period of 24 hours or more in a country other than the one a person usually lives in” (This definition excluded domestic and emphasised only on international tourism)
- 8. Contd. Rome Conference on Tourism (1963) “Tourism as a visit to a country other than ones own or where one usually resides and works”, for the following reasons: Tourism – the activity of temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours for leisure, business, family, mission and meeting. Excursion – the activity of a temporary visitor staying less than 24 hours but excluding people in transits. (This definition excluded domestic tourists
- 9. Tourism Society of Britain (1976) “Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at these destinations, including day visits and excursions ” All above definitions indicate that tourism has expanded in its range and scope Contd.
- 10. MOVEMENT OF TOURISTS Tourists International Tourism (Travel from one country to another) Inbound Refers to tourists entering a country Outbound Refers to tourists leaving their country of origin for an other Domestic Tourism (Travel is within the country)
- 11. CATEGORIZATION OF TOURISTS International Tourism India Origin Mauritius Destination Outbound Inbound Tourists Returning Home Domestic Tourism Benin City Origin(Ni geria) Calabar Destination Tourists
- 12. Tourism Products and Services Tourists products is both, a physical as well as a psychological construction which is challenged to transform dreams into reality Tourists is buying, temporarily, a strange environment including unique climatic and geographical features and intangible benefits like bargain, luxury service, hospitality, atmosphere, a culture and heritage Tourists products are unique, luxuries, they are more psychological in nature to convert dreams into reality Tourist product depend on a reputation earned by the satisfaction of previous users and on advertising Tourism services cannot be tested, seen, sampled or compared in advance and it cannot be stored for future use like other normal products (Intangible)
- 13. TOURISTS IMPACT AREAS TOURIST DESTINATIONS ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT PEOPLE CULTURE LOCAL PRACTICES Tours can be within national boundaries or in any place of the world. It includes - Unique natural or geographical features like the coastline, islands, mountains, health resorts, countryside etc Tours periods depends on holiday periods, prices, attractions and activities, number of destinations, packaged or individual travel, special interest tours
- 14. Tourist Destinations Tourism destination is both a site and an event, and these two factors are the attractions Event Attractions World Cup Cricket Match Dance Festival Site Attractions Taj Mahal at Agra/Krugar National Park Beaches of Goa/Mauritius Image of the destination plays a vital role in attracting tourists towards destinations, and the image is not built overnight but over a long period of time
- 15. 5 A’s of Tourism • 5 A’s of Tourism Attractions Accessibility Accommodation Amenities Activities
- 16. Tourism Forms and Types Tourism professionals convert dream into reality as a result of which various types of tourism came into practices Rest and Recuperation (Taking rest from everyday life) Escape (Escaping from everyday reality) Communication (To spend quality time with friends and relatives) Culture and Education (Tour to understand culture in- depth)
- 17. Contd. Freedom (To enjoy oneself) Health (Visits spa, saunas, warm beaches for sun bath ) Mediterranean magic of Cape Town with its gorgeous coastline Special interest tourism (To fulfill own interest in different fields ) Adventure and Wild Life (winter sports, tour to wild life sanctuaries) Convention Tourism (mix leisure with work, to enjoy in general)
- 18. Different types of Tourism Educational Adventure Medical Sports Leisure VFR Wellness Spiritual Special Interest tourism Business Relegious Eco-tourism Types of Tourism Heritage Cruise Wildlife Cultural
- 19. Future Trends Earlier the UN promoted tourism because of its economic benefits, because Transfer of wealth from rich to poor was possible To overcome regional imbalances Provide employment to people with less educational qualifications and skills To boost the economic growth with earning from tourism(foreign exchange) The successful countries in tourism are thriving due to a variety of factors. Countries like Morocco and Tunisia benefit from their beautiful beaches and their relative proximity to Europe. Tourism in Egypt is based on the rich history of Ancient Egypt, pyramids, artifacts and breathtaking Red Sea beaches. South Africa and Kenya benefit from wild safari expeditions, attracting tourists to see the wildlife of Africa.
- 20. Contd. After four decades of organised Mass Tourism, today people understood the need for sustainable tourism (i.e. using the carrying capacity to control on the number of tourists as well as type of tourism to be developed) Carrying capacity is mainly kept in mind to the needs of The environment The level of development- both economic and social Culture Populations and its needs Tourism vs. other forms of economic activity
- 21. UNIT 2: Understanding Tourism - 2 The Changing Trend Increasing income, technology, more time for leisure all induced people globally to travel more than earlier Mass tourism phenomenon increased tourism related business Sea side resorts, wild safari expeditions, National Parks and other destinations in Africa became hot spots for mass tourism Utilising this mass tourism private operators provided cheap accommodation, catering and other facilities required for medium budget travellers “Packaging ”soon started spreading and Club Mediterranee – a total resort concept emerged and became very successful
- 22. The Changing Trend Tourism product expanded and marketing of tourism through focused researches identified the motivation for tourism Understanding the importance of tourism all nations started developing it with utmost care Soon stereo-typed(uniform throughout) tourism came into being Advances in technology meaning that travel is now easier, quicker and more affordable. The growth of the internet means it is easier than ever before to book holidays, improvements in workers' rights means that paid holidays for employees, makes it easier to take time off.
- 23. PURPOSE OF TOURISM SUN, SEA, SAND AND SEX (4S formula in American Parlance) Cultural diversity and rich history are served on a platter – sample it in full, leisurely bites. People moved more towards beaches in order to escape from temperate to tropical climate More crowds at beaches pushed people in need of privacy towards Africa and Asia Tourist hardly found a destination where they are left undisturbed Culture and traditions at destinations which were once a source of honour soon became a means of earning a living Soon costly sports like golf were included and it received a lot of earnings but experts feel that it is not environment friendly and also ends in cultural degradations
- 24. Travel Motivators Curiosity & Culture Interpersonal reasons Relaxation & refreshment Pleasure Status & prestige motivators Spiritual purpose Health Sports Leisure time and disposable income Adventure Posterity Business reasons Travel motivators
- 25. Classification of Tourists • Business & Professional Tourist Business Tourists Educational Tourists Incentive Tourist Health or Medical Tourist Leisure & Holiday Tourists Adventure Tourist Cultural Tourist (International Jazz Festival in Cape Town) Eco-tourists (Eg. – Bonita Gardens in Bloemfontein, South Africa) Leisure Tourist Relegious Tourist Shopping Tourist SIT (Eg. – Attending the Cape Town, Book Fair) Sports & Recreation Tourist(Eg. – Wimbeldon Tennis Championship) VFR (Visiting Friends & Relatives)
- 26. PURPOSE OF TOURISM • Leisure, Touring, Sightseeing, Culture People who like to wander, not content to remain in one place or complex, and prefer to stay at different places every night Such tourist move with a Camera and are interested to learn more about people, monuments, culture, places and country Well planned itinerary is very much essential for such tourists as they are willing to move more often Destinations with good transport and accommodation, infrastructure is very much essential to satisfy such tourists
- 27. Contd. • Visiting Friends and Relations (VFR) This is a strong motivation for domestic tourism in India This segment is of great importance to transport sector Sectors such as accommodations, food and beverages are not much benefited through this tourists Surface transportation is widely used by tourists Tourists often moves with hosts(friends & relatives) at destinations In India LTC (Leave Travel Concession) is used in combination with VFR, so tourists will have enough money to spend on sightseeing, leisure, recreation and shopping
- 28. Contd. • Business and Incentive Travel Needs of Business traveller and holiday maker remains the same Business travelers move towards Trade, Commerce and Production centers rather than towards tourists interested places Special services such as communications, secretarial, meetings and car rental, convention facilities are required by them Business tourists move more towards fairs and exhibition centers
- 29. Contd. • Special Interest Interest of tourists within a particular destination does not remain the same so their arises a need for catering tourists with special towards art, education, culture, music, sports, architecture, wildlife, etc., Special Interest Tourism rejects “natural” enjoyments and replaces with refined activities with emphasise on art, culture. These tourists like to visits museums, folk art centers, sports, mountain climbing, and casual dressing, bare and homely interiors and cultivated relationships with nature These tourists use read books and collect other source of information before visiting the destinations
- 30. Contd. • Special Interest These tourists needs experiences so they would like to stay with local people These tourists help in protecting environment by participating in cleaning beaches (sustainable tourism) They help in designing new tourism products as such tourists are engaged in voyages of discovery Tourism has been widely benefitted or saved what might have otherwise been completely lost In recent times special interest tourism is becoming stereo-type
- 31. Contd. • ALTERNATIVE TOURIST Tourists who like to do things differently is called alternative tourists Negative impacts of mass tourism ended in alternative tourism They want less to be with other tourists and more with living cultures and share services of local people They will move with local friends so that they can understand about the political, social, and religious traditions
- 32. Contd. • OTHER DETERMINANTS Psychological: Relaxation in completely different environment to home for purpose of break or medical needs Socio-political: Tourism for the purpose of rejuvenation, for treatment of over worked employees, paid holiday facilities fall under this category Economic: Disposable income or freedom from any money constraints is very important for tourism. Travel is less undertaken by people who are having money constraints. Tax policies, discounts, foreign exchange regulations, special offers all helps in tourism activities
- 33. Contd. OTHER DETERMINANTS Time: Time has a great impact on tourism demand. Increase of holiday more than one has increased travel in many destinations. People travel more in summer vacations rather than winter vacations in India .
- 34. Interesting facts about Africa……. • The longest river in the world –................... is in Africa • The number of languages spoken in Africa range from ………………… • The oldest human remains were found in ……….and were approximately 200,000 years old • The ………. in Africa is roughly the size of the United States • Africa is the ………. continent on earth • ………….is the largest country in Africa, ……….. is the largest city • The world’s largest land animal – the ………… is found here • The world’s largest reptile is the ………… • ………percent of the earth’s bird species live in Africa • Africa’s average population is the ……….. amongst all continents GlobalData forecasts that Morocco is the most popular destination in Africa Most visited tourism destinations in Africa – Morocco, Egypt, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe
- 35. • The African continent has a unique place in human history. Widely believed to be the “cradle of humankind,” Africa is the only continent with fossil evidence of human beings (Homo sapiens) and their ancestors through each key stage of their evolution.
- 36. CONCLUSION In this class we have discussed: Tourism Phenomena Characteristics of tourism Definition of tourism Different forms and types of tourism Reasons for growth of tourism Motivations for tourism Demand for tourism and Tourism products Though people travel for different reasons, understanding them will help tourism professional in serving them better
- 37. Thanks for patience listening………..