T.S.Eliot By Hamed Poursharafoddinحامدپورشرف الدین
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T.S. Eliot was an American-born British poet, playwright, literary critic, and editor. He was born in 1888 in St. Louis, Missouri and attended Harvard University where he studied philosophy. He later lived in London and worked at a bank. Eliot is known for works like "The Waste Land" and "Four Quartets" which were influential in bringing a modern style to poetry. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948 and is considered one of the twentieth century's major poets.
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T.S.Eliot By Hamed Poursharafoddinحامدپورشرف الدین
- 1. Thomas Stearns Eliot Compiler: H.Poursharafoddin Isfahan University Winter 2008 [email_address] All Rights Reserved to Lodegan Association
- 2. T. S. Eliot Born: 26 September 1888 St. Louis, Missouri, United States Died: 4 January 1965 (aged 76) London, England Occupation: Poet, Dramatist, Literary critic Nationality: Born American, became a British subject in 1927
- 3. Early life and education: 1898 to 1905, as a day student at St. Louis's Smith Academy, a school for Washington University. Eliot studied Latin, Greek, French and German. 1906 to 1909, at Harvard from where he earned his B.A.. The following year, he earned a master's degree at Harvard. 1910 to 1911, studying at the Sorbonne and touring the continent. Returning to Harvard in 1911 as a doctoral student in philosophy. He was awarded a scholarship to attend Merton College, Oxford in 1914. 1915, he married Vivienne in a register office.
- 4. Early life and education: During Eliot's university career, he studied with George Santayana, Irving Babbitt, Henri Bergson, C. R. Lanman, Josiah Royce, Bertrand Russell, and Harold Joachim. In 1917, he took a position at Lloyds Bank in London, where he worked on foreign accounts. In 1925, Eliot left Lloyds to join the publishing firm Faber and Gwyer. Wyndham Lewis and Eliot became close friends, a friendship leading to the well-known painting produced in 1938.
- 5. Later life in England: In 1927, he converted to Anglicanism and then became a British subject. In 1933, Eliot officially separated from Vivien. In 1948, won the Nobel Prize for Literature. In 1957, he married Esmé Valerie Fletcher.
- 6. Later life in England: In 1965, died of emphysema in London. "East Coker": "In my beginning is my end. In my end is my beginning."
- 7. Literary career: French poetry was a particularly strong influence on Eliot's work, in particular Charles Baudelaire. Eliot's work, is often religious in nature and preserve historical English and European values . In 1928, For Lancelot Andrewes as classicist in literature, royalist in politics, and Anglo-catholic in religion. Poetry should aim at a representation of the complexities of modern civilization in language and that such representation necessarily leads to difficult poetry. Not being poetry, interweaving of quotations from other authors into his work, lack of originality, and for plagiarism.
- 8. Literary career: Charges of anti-Semitism. Ex: " Gerontion","Burbank with a Baedeker:Bleistein with Cigar","Sweeney Among the Nightingales" In 2003, Professor Ronald Schuchard of Emory University published details of letters from Eliot to Horace Kallen, which reveal that in the early 1940s Eliot was helping Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria to re-settle in Britain and America. Leonard Woolf, husband of Virginia Woolf, who was himself Jewish and a friend of Eliot's, judged that Eliot was probably "slightly anti-Semitic in the sort of vague way which is not uncommon. He would have denied it quite genuinely."
- 9. Tradition and the Individual Talent He influenced the school of New Criticism. The value of one work of art must be viewed in the context of all previous work. Ex : critical essay “Tradition and the Individual Talent” Published, in two parts, in "The Egoist" (1919) and first book of criticism, "The Sacred Wood" (1920). Relationship between the poet and the literary tradition. "in English writing we seldom speak of tradition, though we occasionally apply its name in deploring its absence." "simultaneous order," by which Eliot means a historical timelessness – a fusion of past and present – and, at the same time, a sense of present temporality.
- 10. Tradition and the Individual Talent Great works do not express the personal emotion of the poet. "escape from emotion" "What happens when a new work of art is created is something that happens simultaneously to all the works of art that preceded it. " Talent is acquired through a careful study of poetry, and Tradition, "cannot be inherited, and if you want it, you must obtain it by great labour."
- 11. Eliot's Poetry: Prufrock and Other Observations (1917) The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Portrait of a Lady (poem) Poems (1920) Gerontion Sweeney Among the Nightingales The Waste Land (1922) The Hollow Men (1925) Ariel Poems (1927-1954) The Journey of the Magi (1927) Ash Wednesday (1930) Coriolan (1931) Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats (1939) The Marching Song of the Pollicle Dogs and Billy M'Caw: The Remarkable Parrot (1939) in The Queen's Book of the Red Cross Four Quartets (1945)
- 12. Eliot's Plays: Sweeney Agonistes (published in 1926, first performed in 1934) The Rock (1934) Murder in the Cathedral (1935) The Family Reunion (1939) The Cocktail Party (1949) The Confidential Clerk (1953) The Elder Statesman (first performed in 1958, published in 1959)
- 13. Eliot's Nonfiction: The Second-Order Mind (1920) Tradition and the Individual Talent (1920) The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism (1920) "Hamlet and His Problems" Homage to John Dryden (1924) Shakespeare and the Stoicism of Seneca (1928) For Lancelot Andrewes (1928) Dante (1929) Selected Essays, 1917–1932 (1932) The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism (1933) After Strange Gods (1934)
- 14. Eliot's Nonfiction: Elizabethan Essays (1934) Essays Ancient and Modern (1936) The Idea of a Christian Society (1940) A Choice of Kipling's Verse (1941) made by Eliot, with an essay on Rudyard Kipling, London, Faber and Faber. Notes Towards the Definition of Culture (1948) Poetry and Drama (1951) The Three Voices of Poetry (1954) The Frontiers of Criticism (1956) On Poetry and Poets (1957)