Tsunami 2004
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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by a 9.1-magnitude earthquake near Sumatra, Indonesia. It generated tsunami waves up to 30 meters high that spread throughout the Indian Ocean and affected 14 countries. Over 230,000 people were killed or left missing. The tsunami had devastating social, environmental, and economic impacts on coastal communities. The Australian government responded with humanitarian aid and relief efforts to support recovery in affected regions.
Tsunami 2004
- 1. TSUNAMI 2004 Using the information from the following website outline the geographical processes involved in the cause of the Tsunami 26 December 2004. Key information from the BBC here Click on the underline. …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… 1. Read the following information and define what a Tsunami wave is and explain how these waves can vary. What is a tsunami? Tsunami ('soo-nar-me') is a Japanese word; 'tsu' meaning harbour and 'nami' meaning wave. Tsunamis are sometimes incorrectly called tidal waves but have nothing to do with tides. Tsunamis can travel up to 950 kilometres per hour - as fast as a passenger jet! Tsunami waves move outwards, away from their source. One or more waves can be created per event. Successive peaks can be anywhere from five to ninety minutes apart. The wave train that reaches the coast can range from 30 metre high breakers to barely noticed ripples - but in the open ocean, tsunamis have relatively small heights. A tsunami is different from normal waves on the ocean. Wind-made ocean waves cause the water to move down to about 150 metres at most. In contrast, the passage of a tsunami involves the movement of water all the way to the seafloor. This means that the speed of a tsunami is controlled by water depth - as the wave approaches land it reaches increasingly shallow water and slows down. Compared to the front of the wave, the rear is still in slightly deeper water (so it is going slightly faster) and catches up. The result is that the wave quickly 'bunches up' and becomes much higher. The highest tsunami occur if they encounter a long and gradual shallowing of the water, because this allows enough time for the wave to interact with its surroundings and cause extensive damage to low-lying areas. …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………
- 2. …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… (1) Label the following places and features on the map below: (a) Name the countries shaded on the map (b) Draw in the plate boundaries. Click on the underline. Source: http://worldatlas.com/webimage/testmaps/tsunami.htm
- 3. 2. Describe the impacts of the Tsunami. Use the following websites. http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/indonesia_quake.html Go into this site and click on the interactive tsunami map on the right hand side of the page. http://www.smh.com.au/specials/tsunami/ Social (eg loss of human life, injury, loss of livelihood, loss of culture): …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… Environmental (land degradation): …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… Economic: (cost of clean up, loss of income, export/import) …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………
- 4. 3. Outline the responsibility and responses from the Australian Government to the impact of the Tsunami. Use the following website. http://www.ausaid.gov.au/hottopics/topic.cfm?Id=9562_2054_7529_7688_4864#here …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………