Types of disabilities, functional behavior assessment,
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This document defines key terms related to disabilities and behavior, including disability, behavior, assessment, and intervention. It then provides descriptions of the 13 categories of disabilities recognized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), including brief definitions and common examples for many categories. The categories discussed are learning disabilities, speech or language impairments, other health impairments, intellectual disabilities, emotional disturbance, autism, multiple disabilities, developmental delay, hearing impairment/deafness, orthopedic impairments, visual impairments, traumatic brain injury, and deaf-blindness.
Types of disabilities, functional behavior assessment,
- 1. TYPES OF DISABILITIES, FUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT, BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION PLAN CHARISSE A. GUILLANO
- 2. DISABILITY • A physical, mental, cognitive, or developmental condition that impairs, interferes with, or limits a person’s ability to engage in certain tasks or actions or participate in typical daily activities and interactions. UNLOCKING OF TERMS
- 3. BEHAVIOR • the way in which someone conducts oneself or behaves. UNLOCKING OF TERMS
- 4. ASSESSMENT • the action or instance of making a judgment about something. UNLOCKING OF TERMS
- 5. INTERVENTION • the act of interfering with the outcome or course especially of a harm or improve functioning. UNLOCKING OF TERMS
- 6. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Learning Disability This very diverse category includes students who have difficulty making adequate academic progress in school specially in basic skill areas such as reading, writing and/ or mathematics.
- 7. Other Definitions: •- are neurogically – based processing problems
- 8. Other Definitions: • These processes can interfere with learning basic skills such as • 1. reading • 2. writing • 3. math
- 9. Most Common Examples of Learning Disability • 1. Dyslexia – difficulty in reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how to relate to letters and words or difficulty in decoding words.
- 10. Most Common Examples of Learning Disability •2. Dysgraphia – a learning disability that affects writing abilities.
- 11. Most Common Examples of Learning Disability • 3. Discalculia – difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic, such as difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers performing mathematical calculations and learning facts in matheamatics.
- 12. Most Common Examples of Learning Disability • 4. ADHD(Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder) – a medical condition pertaining to brain development and brain activity that affect attention, the ability to sit still and self control.
- 13. Most Common Examples of Learning Disability • 5. Processing Deficits – are problems with the processes of recognizing and interpreting information taken through the senses. -there are 2 most common areas of processing difficulty a. Visual perception b. Auditory perception
- 14. Famous People with Learning Disbility
- 15. Common Causes of Learning Disability • 1. illness during birth • 2. low birth weight • 3. drug and alcohol use during pregnancy • 4. prolonged labor or prematurity
- 16. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Speech or Language Impairments Most students in this category have mild speech disorders (e. g. difficulty articulating certain speech sounds) and are included in general education classrooms for most of the school day.
- 17. Speech and Language Impairment • Speech Impairment • -usually indicates that someone has trouble producing certain sounds accurately.
- 18. Speech and Language Impairment • Language Impairment • - may have difficult time understanding the meaning of what is being said or have trouble in communication.
- 19. Common Examples of Speech and Language Impairment •1. Articulation Disorders •2. Fluency Disorders •3. Voice Disorder
- 20. Common Characteristics • -include improper of use of words and their meanings • -inability to express ideas • -ainappropriate grammatical patterns • -reduced vocabulary and inability to follow directions.
- 21. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Other health impairments This very diverse category includes students who have difficulty making adequate academic progress in school specially in basic skill areas such as reading, writing and/or mathematics.
- 22. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Intellectual disabilities (called as menial retardation in IDEA 2004) Includes a broad range of students, from those with mild impairments in intellectual and adaptive skills to those with significant impairments.
- 23. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Emotional disturbance Includes a group of students who exhibit aggressive behaviour as well as those who have more internalized emotional disorders (e. g. Pervasive unhappiness or depression).
- 24. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Autism Autism (often referred to as autism spectrum disorder ) is a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and non – verbal communication and social interaction.
- 25. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Multiple Disabilities Includes students who have disabilities in more than one area (e. g. intellectual disability and blindness, intellectual disability and orthopedic impairment) that often result in severe impairments and significant educational needs.
- 26. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Developmental Delay This category is used at the discretion states, and not used in every state. It is typically used to identify children before they enter first grade but can be used from ages 3 through 9.
- 27. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Hearing Impairment an deafness Students with hearing impairments have some residual hearing that may be used to understand oral speech (i. e. they are not deaf), in contrast, children who are deaf lack such residual hearing.
- 28. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Orthopedic impairments Students with orthopedic impairments have physical limitations and may use a wheelchair. These students have a range of intellectual abilities but may have difficulty demonstrating this ability without specialized supports.
- 29. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Visual impairments including blindness Includes students who are blind and those with significant visual impairments.
- 30. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Traumatic brain injury This is the only category limited to students who acquire a disability after birth. Traumatic brain injury means an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force.
- 31. DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND DEFINITIONS FROM PL 108 – 446, IDEA 2004 DISABILITY CATEGORY BRIEF DEFINITION Deaf Blindness This is the smallest disability category and only includes individuals with significant educational needs.