Types of garden
- 2. Formal Garden Informal Garden Wild Garden
- 3. • Key features: stiff design – done in straight & narrow way mirror image of each other Symmetrical plans – roads cut at right angles Has definite boundary Flower beds – geometric designs Fountains, water pools, cascades – used for attraction
- 4. DRAWBACKS….. • Have no secrets – no surprise element • Presently, only done at frontages in home gardens.
- 5. Reflects naturalistic effect of total view – represents natural beauty Assymmetrical plan Smooth cuvaceous outline Irregular shaped water bodies No geometrical arrngements – plants are not trimmed Eg: Hindu, Buddhist and Japanese garden
- 6. Expounded by William Robinson Main idea – naturalize plants in shrubberies Grass should remain unmowed bulbous plants should be grown scattered in the grass to imitate wild scenery Passages should be opened in the woodland, and trees, shrubs, and bulbous plants should be planted among the forest flora. Allow creepers to grow over the trees
- 7. • Mughal garden • Persian garden • Italian garden • French garden • English garden • Japanese garden
- 8. • Introduced by Babur • Formal style • Garden of Panipat and Aram Bagh garden of Agra • Two categories: Pleasure gardens of kings and queens Tomb gardens
- 9. GENERAL FEATURES….. • Formal and symmetrical design • Area divided into four plots by water channels – represents 4 rivers of life • Axis is straight and central • Water pool in the centre – over flowing water serves as central specimen • fountains, cascades – linked to central pool create scenic beauty
- 10. KEY FEATURES…. • Terraces: To maintain the proportion of land – 7, 8 or 12 terraces 7 – planets 8 – paradise 12 – zodiacal signs Entrance at lowest terrace
- 11. •Running water: (Naharas) water – life and soul of Mughal garden Idea of constructing canals and tanks to keep water brimming to the level of paths – borrowed from Persians Water channels – pave with tiles of brilliant blue color – to reflect sky and give the impression of depth Various patterns – paving marble stones and styles – running water thrown up an broken into ripples At dusk – tiny lighted lamps place behind the water falls – diffusion of light – creates a very pleasant sight
- 12. Site and design: perennial river, slope of a hill and river banks – selected. Square or rectangle in shape. Serves the purpose of fort, residence and a place for recreation . High protecting walls: top of the wall – adorned with serrated battlements. Protection against enemy and hot wins of summer. Entrance: tall and gorgeous. Strong and huge wooden structures studded with iron nails and spikes
- 13. Baradari: canopied building with 12 open doors – 3 in each direction. one can sit and enjoy the fresh breeze an watch dark clouds and birds in the sky Masonry pillars are painted – designs of flowers in vases an floor furnished with thick carpets and cushions Scented flowers : flowers used are scented and highly colorful – created by massing mixed colored annuals.
- 14. SYMBOLS • Water : Source of life • Eight divisions : Eight divisions of Quran. • Alternate planting of cypress and flowering trees : immortality and renewal of life • White flowering Bauhinia alba : Youth and eternity
- 15. • Came into existence at time of Renaissance • Gardens were Extension of the lavish palace Glamorous outdoor hall For showing off their wealth and status
- 16. • Massive flight of stairs – marble – complete with balustrade – connect different levels of garden • Decorative urns, fountains – in combination with stone sculptures • Terraces adorned with marble pillar
- 18. • Oldest garden style • Based on their ideas of heaven • 4 essentials: Water for irrigation, display and sound Shade trees for shelter Flowers for scent and color Music to delight ears
- 19. • Strictly formal and symmetrical • Carries quadrant pattern with water channels dividing garden into 4 sections – Char Bagh design • 4 square plots – shade trees and fruit trees • Used all crafted materials – masonry, carved and pierced marble stones, and highly polished stones • Laid out by cutting terraces on hill slopes • Main feature – Naharas (flowing water) – concept of Persian paradise – where cooling water flows • Fruit trees – symbol of life • Cypress – death and eternity •
- 21. • Key features of English gardens in India: • Lawn: principal feature. Can be plain or undulating • Rockery: various types – Cold weather rockery of annuals – Alyssum, Calendula, Dianthus Rockery of succulents for dry areas Rockery of ferns for humid areas • Herbaceous borders: flower beds or borders – characteristic feature. Designed in 3 rows with tall and dwarf ones on sides and medium ones in middle
- 23. Le Notre – showed the impact of impressiveness of scale on garden design His main creation – gardens at versailles – has avenues – memorable for their tremendous length and width His first master piece – garden at Vauxe-le-Vicomte Moral of French garden – ‘how to think big’ Style of Le Notre – an evolution and mastery of art of formal garden in its perfection
- 25. • Style is ‘Nature in miniature’ – enable them to mediate and be in harmony with nature • Most important teaching – “unless a garden has an air of peace it’s not worth a place to visit. It should be a place where the mind finds rest and relaxation”
- 26. • Hill garden • Flat garden • Tea garden • Passage garden • Sand garden
- 27. HILL GARDEN • Main feature : hills, streams and ponds • Known in Japanese as ‘Tsukiyama-niwa’ or ‘Tsukiyama- sansui’ – means hills and water • Features: ornamental water : can be in the form of big lakes with a tranquil surface or in the form of water basins of natural shape Wells – dual purpose – beauty and utility
- 28. Islands: important feature Rocks are used as foundation – soil deposited on it Trees are planted and stones are erected in an irregular manner - to give natural touch Connected by bridge or left isolated Given personal touch – by naming them Master island, Guest island and Central island
- 29. Hills and Hillocks: Hill 1: bigger sized, broad viewed hill Hill 2: Companion hill. Created adjacent to hill 1 Hill 3: projected front opposite to hill 1 Hill 4: elegantly introduced in the foreground close to hill 3 and below hill 2 Hill 5: at the far end. Could be seen from all parts of the garden
- 30. Stones: used to depict – natural moods, ideas of spirituality and melody. 5 types: Status stone: tall vertical stone bulging out towards middle and finishing at top – a human thinking or meditating Low vertical stone: rounded at base and top is bent – resembling bud of magnolia Flat stone: low broad stone of irregular shape with flat top – submissiveness Recumbent or ox stone: resembles trunk of an animal. Long, curved and bent boulder – an animal hiding in a bush Arching stone: is arch like – flexibility in thoughts
- 32. • Trees: • Principal tree: group of trees planted at central part of background • View perfecting trees : tree planted in the foreground of an island • Tree of solitude : group of trees with thick foliage in the background on one side • Cascade screening trees: group of bushy or leafy tree planted at the side of waterfall • Tree of setting sun : planted in the west side to filter the glare of sun • Distancing tree: pine plants planted to give a forest look
- 33. • Garden lanterns : stone or bronze lanterns are used • Garden pagodas : may be stone tower or pagoda • Garden bridges: connects island
- 34. JAPANESE TEA GARDEN • Nature recreated in front of house • 3 areas : • Outer section : Sotoroji • Place for guests to wait after removing shoes • Paths provided with stepping stones to the middle section • Planted with grass
- 35. • Middle section: Machi • Stone troughs with water - for guests to clean themselves • Inner garden : Uchiroji • Extremely simple and natural stones, lanterns, rocks water basins which look as antiques are placed. • Informal garden • Hedge walls are provided to look natural. The selection of trees - when the outer garden is exposed to the light, the inner must be darkened by shady evergreen trees.
- 36. FLAT GARDEN….. • Lack ups and down and are devoid of hills, streams and ponds • Created for confined places • Mostly ‘Moore’ type gardens - developed to create scenic beauty, other adornments like stones, wells, water basins, trees, etc. are used.
- 37. TYPICAL TREES • Evergreen trees: Pines, different species of Abies, Cryptomeria japonica, Podocarpus macrophylla and Juniperus chinensis • Deciduous trees: Maples (Acer species), Poplars (Populus sp.), Mulbery, (Morus alba) and Salix babylonica (willow) • Flowering trees: The most commonly used plants are different Prunus species, besides Magnolia grandiflora and others. • Shrubs: Aucuba japonica, Azaleas, Gardenia florida, Nandina domestica, Camellia, Lagestroemia indica Rhododendrons.
- 38. • Bamboos play a special role in the Japanese gardens. The striking patterns of shadow cast by the arching bamboos against paved path, fences and patios look beautiful. A paved path in the entrance garden bordered by bamboos simulates a grove. • The Japanese use more flowers like chrysanthemums, asters (e.g. Aster fastigiatus, A. glehnii, A. microcephalus), carnation, different lilies, irises, lotuses and orchids.