Types of loads
- 3. • POINT LOAD ( CONCENTRATED LOAD) • UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD. ( UDL) • UNIFORMLY VARYING LOAD (UVL) • ROLLING LOAD
- 4. •POINT LOAD ( CONCENTRATED LOAD) Load acting at a definite point on a beam is known as a concentrated load or point load. Units - Newton, kilo Newton etc.
- 5. •UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD ( udl) OR RECTANGULAR LOADING A load which is spread over a beam in such a manner that each unit length is loaded to the same intensity is known as uniformly distributed load. It is measured in intensity with units Newton/Meter.
- 6. •UNIFORMLY VARYING LOAD. ( uvl) OR TRIANGULAR LOADING A load which is spread over a beam in such a manner that the intensity of loading varies uniformly on each unit length is known as uniformly varying load . It is measured in intensity with units Newton/Meter.
- 7. •ROLLING LOAD Rolling loads are those loads which roll over the given structural element from one end to the another. In this type of loading magnitude of Bending moment and shear force will go on change in position of loads Eg:- A train on the railway track, vehicles on the bridges or roads are rolling loads.
- 8. •SIMPLE SUPPORT •ROLLER SUPPORT •HINGED SUPPORT •FIXED SUPPORT
- 9. • SIMPLE SUPPORT When a beam rests freely on a support, then such a support is known as simply or simple support. In this type of support, the beam is allowed to rest freely on a support.
- 10. • ROLLER SUPPORT When a beam end is supported on roller, then such support is known as roller support. Support reaction is normal.. Roller supports are free to rotate and translate along the surface upon which the roller rests (ie, about the support). The surface can be horizontal, vertical, or sloped at any angle. The resulting reaction force is always a single force that is perpendicular to, and away from, the surface.
- 11. • HINGED SUPPORT OR PINNED SUPPORT A hinged support is a support which restricts the movement of the beam in any direction but it will allow the beam to rotate about the support just like a door. A Hinged beam support can resist both vertical and horizontal forces but not a moment. They will allow the structural member to rotate, but not to translate in any direction..
- 12. • FIXED SUPPORT OR RIGID SUPPORT Fixed supports can resist vertical and horizontal forces as well as a moment. Since they restrain both rotation and translation, they are also known as rigid supports. A structure only needs one fixed support in order to be stable .
- 15. •Any horizontal structural member sufficiently long as compared to its lateral dimensions, supported at certain points along its length, subjected to external forces acting right angles to its axis is known as a beam.
- 16. • SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM • CANTILEVER BEAM • FIXED BEAM • OVER HANGING BEAM • CONTINUOUS BEAM • BEAM WITH ONE END HINGED AND THE OTHER END ROLLER
- 17. • SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM • When both ends of the beam are simply supported, it is called a simply supported beam or freely supported beam.
- 18. • CANTILEVER BEAM • If one end of the beam is fixed and other end is free then it is called a cantilever beam.
- 19. • FIXED BEAM A beam whose both ends are rigidly fixed then it is known as a fixed beam or encaster beam or rigid beam or restrained beam.
- 20. • OVER HANGING BEAMS If a beam is projecting beyond the support or supports then it is called an overhanging beam. If one or both ends of a beam is projecting beyond the supports, then it is called an over hanging beam
- 21. • OVER HANGING BEAMS • A. Right over hanging beam • B. Left over hanging beam • C. Both sides over hanging beam
- 22. • CONTINUOUS BEAM • If a beam is supported on more than two supports then it is called a continuous beam. • A continuous beam may or may not be an overhanging beam.
- 23. • BEAM WITH ONE END HINGED AND THE OTHER END ROLLER This beam has one of its ends hinged and the other side of the beam is supported with roller. These kind of beams are capable to withstand loads in any direction
- 25. Span is the distance between two intermediate supports.
- 26. 1.CLEAR SPAN 2. EFFECTIVE SPAN 3. TOTAL SPAN
- 27. 1.CLEAR SPAN ( L ) Clear Span is the horizontal distance between the two inside surfaces of the span supports.
- 28. 2.EFFECTIVE SPAN ( l ) The centre to centre distance between two supports is called effective span.
- 29. 3.TOTAL SPAN The outer to outer distance between two supports is called effective span.
- 30. 1. What are the different types of loading ? 2. Differentiate between udl and uvl 3. What is a rolling load ? Cite examples for it ? 4. What are the different types of supports? Explain it. 5. What is a beam? 6. What are the different types of beams? Explain it? 7. Differentiate between clear span and effective span.
- 31. 1. Define a) Point load, b) Uniformly distributed load, 3) triangular loading and d) Rolling load. 2. What is a Cantilever beam? 3. What is an overhanging beam? 4. What is a fixed beam? 5. What is a continuous beam? 6. What is total span? 7. What is clear span ? 8. What is effective span?
- 32. 1. R.S.Khurmi : Applied Mechanics & Strength of Materials; S. Chand Publishing 2. M.Chakrabroti : Strength of materials ; S.K Kataria &sons. 3. R.K.Rajput : Strength of Materials ; S. Chand Publishing 4. S.S.Bhavikatti : Strength of Materials ; Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, 5.K.N.A.G.K. Manikanta: Theory of structures –I; Radiant Publishing House