UCSP MODULE 1.pptx presentation reference
- 1. CHAPTER 1 Introduction of Culture, Society, and Politics
- 2. WHAT IS NATURAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL SCIENCE?
- 3. What is It Natural Science The study of culture, society, and politics are parts and parcel of a larger body of knowledge with the integration of systematic processes and scientific method called, It is a branch of science that deals with the natural world: its processes, elements, and composition. Natural science studies natural events
- 4. What is It Social Science Nisbet (1974) stated that “it is a branch of discipline or branch of science that deals with human behavior in its social andcultural aspects” (para.1). It includes anthropology, sociology, political science,economics, psychology, and geography as its branches. It also the field of human knowledge that deals with all aspects of the group of life of human beings therefore, it is subject to change with the changes of the human behavior. Social scientists use empirical research methods to investigate all sorts of interpersonal and intrapersonal behaviors. social science is a branch of science primarily focuses in human society and social relationships. studies the human society. the study of Social Sciences interesting as it goes beyond the physical aspect and materialistic phenomenon. It paved the way to the development of different disciplines which aim to interpret and analyze the complexities of social realities and phenomenon. Such disciplines focus on human relationships and interaction.
- 5. Sociology came from the Latin word “socius”– means companion and Greek word “logos – means to study. It is a systematic study of human relationship along with human society and interaction. Sociology delve into social problems that affect behavior of an individual anda group. It addresses solutions to mitigate the phenomenon which cannot be explained by mere physical experiments and investigations.
- 6. Auguste Comte (1798- 1857) to study these phenomena andeventually coined the term sociology in 1838. He focused on the idea of improving the development of the society and how it operates. He also introduced the term Positivism Through his book entitled Course on Positive Philosophy (1830– 1842) and System of Positive Polity (1851-1854). Hesaid that the use of scientific methods to present thelaws in which societies and individuals interact wouldpropel in a new “positivist” age of history. It allowedsociologists to study society scientifically throughevidences, experiments, and statistics to clearly seethe operations of the society. (OpenStax College, 2013,p.14)
- 7. Karl Marx (1818–1883), a German philosopher and economist. He made Communist Manifesto (1848) with Friedrich Engels (1820–1895). This bookpresents Marx's theory of society, which different from the point of view Comte. Hedisagreed with Comte's positivism and believed that societies developed andprogressed because of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production.
- 8. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917), theprofessionalization of sociology made it through in the University of Bordeaux in1985. He defended sociology as a separate and independent field from psychology.His notable works are The Division of Labor in Society (1893) which tackles thetransformation of a society from a primitive state into a capitalist, industrialsociety. He also published a work titled Suicide (1897) He searched differentpolice districts to study suicide statistics that would reveal differences from thecommunities of Catholics and Protestants. The differences observed were linked tosocioreligious forces rather than psychological causes of each person.
- 9. Max Weber(1864-1920) is another pioneer in the field of sociology. He emphasized the role of rationalization in the development of society. It refers essentially to the disenchantment of the world. As the world progressed, people began to justify and adopt scientific and rational attitude towards understanding the workings of the world. Generally, sociology is the study of society.
- 10. Society-is where social interactions occur. Their members interact with one another and cooperate to achieve objectives collectively that they could not achieve as individuals. (Gordon,1991, p.3) Areas of Sociology It can be said that social science disciplines are interrelated to one another because of the nature and the core of its focus. Thus, the following are the scope that is encompassed by sociology. 1.Social Organization 6. Social Change 2.Social Psychology 7. Sociological Theory and Research 3.Human Ecology 4.Applied Sociology 5.Population Studies
- 11. Anthropology is a branch of Social Science that deals with all aspects of human beings including their biological evolution and social and cultural featuresthat definitively distinguish humans from other animal species. Physical anthropology focuses on the biological and evolutionary framework of humanity. It focuses on greater information and details about human evolution. Archaeology which investigates of prehistoric cultures as its primary focus, has been an essential part of anthropology since it became a separate and distinct discipline in the end of the19th century. The material remains or artifacts helped social scientists to validate,describe, and analyze the kind of culture and society humans made through thecourse of history. (Kuper et al., 2007)
- 12. Branches of Anthropology The discipline of anthropology has diverse branches that studies differentlevel of expertise within the bounds of human social, cultural, and physicalbackground 1.Cultural Anthropology – The study of people with their variations andprogress in terms of culture. It also deals with the description and analysisof the forms and styles of social life of past and present ages.2. Linguistic Anthropology – The study of language mainly but not exclusively among humans. It also deals with the study of communication’s origins,history, and contemporary variation.
- 13. Archaeology The study of past human cultures through their materialremains. It also the study of past human culture through the recovery andanalysis of artifacts. 4. Biological Anthropology – The study of humans as biological organisms,including their evolution and contemporary variation.5. Applied Anthropology – They analyze social, political, and economic problemsand develop solutions to respond to present problems.
- 14. Biological Anthropology – The study of humans as biological organisms,including their evolution and contemporary variation.5. Applied Anthropology – They analyze social, political, and economic problemsand develop solutions to respond to present problems.
- 15. IN GENERAL WHAT IS YOUR OBSERVATION IN OUR SOCIETY, CULTURE AND POLITICS?
- 16. Observations about Social, Political, and Cultural Behavior and Phenomena. Crime rate, poverty, elections, corruptions and media controversies
- 17. Observations on Social, Political, and Cultural Change. Key word: Change
- 18. ■ Cultural Anthropology. It deals with the study of the differences and similarities of various cultures and how they correlate to each other. Study of human culture ■ Biological Anthropology. It concerned the origin, evolution, and diversity of people. ancestry, development, genetic and other characteristics of human species ■ Archaeology. It refers to the scientific study of humans, their history and culture, through examination of the artifacts, remains or left behind ■ Anthropological linguistics. It examines human languages.
- 20. ■SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE. Intricate relationships among individuals in the society and how they react to their environment
- 21. The Functionalist Perspective. ■ Sees the society as composed of different but interdependent integral parts, and these parts play a vital role in keeping the society together in-tact and functioning. Eg., government, church, schools and other social institutions
- 22. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM ■ HERBERT BLUMER believes that in order to understand society, it is of paramount concern to know underlying concepts embedded in everyday communication and interaction. Eg., written or unwritten (human conversations, responses and interpretation
- 23. a) Self-awareness. One’s-awareness is present, an individual can characterize his own self in accordance to his conception of himself. b) Shared Symbols. Communication c) Negotiated Order. There is a preconceived reaction or response to every kind of interaction. However these preconceptions can be re-negotiated in another way which can be also understood by other people.
- 25. POLITICAL SCIENCE AS THE STUDY OF POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
- 26. POLITICAL SCIENCE is the art of politics and governance ( according to Aristotle it is the study of state including its form of government, political system, political behavior and political ideology. Fields in Political Science ■ Political Philosophy. It deals with the study of concepts such as politics government, liberty and justice. ■ Comparative Government and Politics. Incorporates topics such as the different forms of government found in different countries, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of it. ■ Public Administration. Administer the needs of the general public. ■ International Relations refers to diplomatic relations and practices among the states.