![ACTIVITY DIAGRAM
Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML
Examples
Teacher Website
Logon
Validate
Validate(UID,PWD)
Not Validated Validated
[valid]
[invalid]
Display
Logon Error
Choose
Student
Load Student
Information
Load Student
…](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/umlbasics-240708094407-e017e1f2/85/UML-Basics-Department-of-CSE-SARANATHAN-64-320.jpg)
![SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML
Examples
Teacher
Web Interface Log
Login Teacher
Log Logon Attempt
Log Successful Logon
[successful logon]
Log Unsuccessful Logon
[unsuccessful logon]
Lookup Student
[successful logon]
Log Student Lookup
Logout Teacher
[successful logon]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/umlbasics-240708094407-e017e1f2/85/UML-Basics-Department-of-CSE-SARANATHAN-65-320.jpg)
![UML first pass: Statechart diagrams for
objects with interesting dynamic behavior
BlinkHours
BlinkMinutes
IncrementHrs
IncrementMin.
BlinkSeconds IncrementSec.
StopBlinking
[button1&2Pressed]
[button1Pressed]
[button2Pressed]
[button2Pressed]
[button2Pressed]
[button1Pressed]
[button1&2Pressed]
[button1&2Pressed]
State
Initial state
Final state
Transition
Event
Represent behavior as states and transitions](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/umlbasics-240708094407-e017e1f2/85/UML-Basics-Department-of-CSE-SARANATHAN-72-320.jpg)
UML Basics Department of CSE, SARANATHAN
- 1. Introduction to UML Venkat Srinivasan Dept. of CSE
- 4. MS-DOS– 4000 lines of code Windows NT– 2 million lines of code Windows 3.1– 2 million lines of code Windows 7– 40 million lines of code Windows XP– 45 million lines of code Windows Vista-50 million lines of code Windows 10– 80 million lines of code Ubuntu– 50 million lines of code MacOS X– 84 million lines of code Android– 12 million lines of code iOS– 12 million lines of code
- 5. Web browsers Google Chrome-6.7 million lines of code Mozilla Firefox– 21 million lines of code Office suites Microsoft Office 2013– 45 million lines of code Apache OpenOffice– 19 million lines of code LibreOffice– 10 million lines of code Social networks Facebook– 62 million lines of code TikTok– 80,000 lines of code SnapChat– 60,000 lines of code Instagram– 1 million lines of code LinkedIn– 8 million lines of code Twitter– 10 million lines of code Messaging apps WhatsApp– 30,000 lines of code Telegram– 50,000 lines of code Zoom– 60,000 lines of code Media players and audio and video editors Blender– 1.1 lines of code Audacity– 161,007 lines of code VLC Media Player– 599,658 lines of code Media Player Classic– 168,007 lines of code Image editors GIMP– 726,863 lines of code Adobe Photoshop– 10 million lines of code Krita– 1 million lines of code P2P programs Ares Galaxy– 1,176,679 lines of code eMule-2,437,791 lines of code BitTorrent– its protocol has only 8,633 lines of code Vuze– 967,990 lines of code Web applications WordPress– 160,636 lines of code Google Suite (Gmail, Drive, Search, etc.): 2 billion lines of code Reddit-139,659 lines of code Menéame– 23,190 lines of code Video game Grand Theft Auto V (GTA 5)– 36 million lines of code Red Dead Redemption II (RDR2)– 60 million lines of code World of Warcraft (WoW)– 5.5 million lines of code Minecraft– 500,000 lines of code Age of Empires Online -1 million lines of code
- 7. • Model is an abstract representation of a system, constructed to understand the system prior to building or modifying it. • It is a simplified representation of reality • Modeling is used during many phases of the software life cycles.
- 8. Triangle for success Tools cannot exist alone Language (Notation) Process Tools
- 9. Computer System Business Process Order Item Ship via “Modeling captures essential parts of the system.” Dr. James Rumbaugh Visual Modeling is modeling using standard graphical notations What is Visual Modeling?
- 10. Use Case Analysis is a technique to capture business process from user’s perspective Visual Modeling Captures Business Process
- 11. Visual Modeling is a Communication Tool Use visual modeling to capture business objects and logic Use visual modeling to analyze and design your application
- 13. User Interface (Visual Basic, Java) Business Logic (C++, Java) Database Server (C++ & SQL) Model your system independent of implementation language Visual Modeling Defines Software Architecture
- 14. Multiple Systems Visual Modeling Promotes Reuse Reusable Components
- 15. Three Important Features of the Iterative Approach • Continuous integration – Not done in one lump near the delivery date • Frequent, executable releases – Some internal; some delivered • Attack risks through demonstrable progress – Progress measured in products, not documentation or engineering estimates
- 16. Risk Transition Inception Elaboration Construction Preliminary Iteration Architect. Iteration Architect. Iteration Devel. Iteration Devel. Iteration Devel. Iteration Transition Iteration Transition Iteration Post- deployment Waterfall Time Risk Profile of an Iterative Development
- 17. Risk Management Phase-by-Phase • Inception – Bracket the project’s risks by building a proof of concept • Elaboration – Develop a common understanding of the system’s scope and desired behavior by exploring scenarios with end users and domain experts – Establish the system’s architecture – Design common mechanisms to address system- wide issues
- 18. Risk Management Phase-by-Phase (cont.) • Construction – Refine the architecture – Risk-driven iterations – Continuous integration • Transition – Facilitate user acceptance – Measure user satisfaction • Post-deployment cycles – Continue evolutionary approach – Preserve architectural integrity
- 19. Initial Project Risks Initial Project Scope Revise Overall Project Plan • Cost • Schedule • Scope/Content Plan Iteration N • Cost • Schedule Assess Iteration N Risks Eliminated Revise Project Risks • Reprioritize Develop Iteration N • Collect cost and quality metrics Define scenarios to address highest risks Iteration N Risk Reduction Drives Iterations
- 20. Inception Elaboration Construction Transition Iteration 1 Iteration 2 Iteration 3 Iteration Planning Rqmts Capture Analysis & Design Implementation Test Prepare Release “Mini-Waterfall” Process Use Cases Drive the Iteration Process
- 21. The Iteration Life Cycle: A Mini-Waterfall • Results of previous iterations • Up-to-date risk assessment • Controlled libraries of models, code, and tests Release description Updated risk assessment Controlled libraries Iteration Planning Requirements Capture Analysis & Design Implementation Test Prepare Release Selected scenarios
- 22. Detailed Iteration Life Cycle Activities • Iteration planning – Before the iteration begins, the general objectives of the iteration should be established based on • Results of previous iterations ( if any) • Up-to-date risk assessment for the project – Determine the evaluation criteria for this iteration – Prepare detailed iteration plan for inclusion in the development plan • Include intermediate milestones to monitor progress • Include walkthroughs and reviews
- 23. Detailed Iteration Life Cycle Activities (cont.) • Requirements Capture – Select/define the use cases to be implemented in this iteration – Update the object model to reflect additional domain classes and associations discovered – Develop a test plan for the iteration
- 24. Copyright © 1997 by Rational Software Corporation Detailed Iteration Life Cycle Activities (cont.) • Analysis & Design – Determine the classes to be developed or updated in this iteration – Update the object model to reflect additional design classes and associations discovered – Update the architecture document if needed – Begin development of test procedures • Implementation – Automatically generate code from the design model – Manually generate code for operations – Complete test procedures – Conduct unit and integration tests
- 25. Detailed Iteration Life Cycle Activities (cont.) • Test – Integrate and test the developed code with the rest of the system (previous releases) – Capture and review test results – Evaluate test results relative to the evaluation criteria – Conduct an iteration assessment • Prepare the release description – Synchronize code and design models – Place products of the iteration in controlled libraries
- 26. Work Allocation Within an Iteration • Work to be accomplished within an iteration is determined by – The (new) use cases to be implemented – The rework to be done • Packages make convenient work packages for developers – High-level packages can be assigned to teams – Lower-level packages can be assigned to individual developers • Use Cases make convenient work packages for test and assessment teams • Packages are also useful in determining the granularity at which configuration management will be applied – For example, check-in and check-out of individual
- 27. Iteration Assessment • Assess iteration results relative to the evaluation criteria established during iteration planning: – Functionality – Performance – Capacity – Quality measures • Consider external changes that have occurred during this iteration – For example, changes to requirements, user needs, competitor’s plans • Determine what rework, if any, is required and assign it to the remaining iterations
- 28. Selecting Iterations • How many iterations do I need? – On projects taking 18 months or less, 3 to 6 iterations are typical • Are all iterations on a project the same length? – Usually – Iteration length may vary by phase. For example, elaboration iterations may be shorter than construction iterations
- 29. Copyright © 1997 by Rational Software Corporation The First Iteration • The first iteration is usually the hardest – Requires the entire development environment and most of the development team to be in place – Many tool integration issues, team-building issues, staffing issues, etc. must be resolved • Teams new to an iterative approach are usually overly- optimistic • Be modest regarding the amount of functionality that can be achieved in the first iteration – Otherwise, completion of the first iteration will be delayed, – The total number of iterations reduced, and – The benefits of an iterative approach reduced
- 30. There Is No Silver Bullet • Remember the main reason for using the iterative life cycle: – You do not have all the information you need up front – Things will change during the development period • You must expect that – Some risks will not be eliminated as planned – You will discover new risks along the way – Some rework will be required; some lines of code developed for an iteration will be thrown away – Requirements will change along the way
- 31. Development Cycle • The development cycle is split into phases. • Phases are split into iterations. • Activities are grouped by disciplines.
- 32. Why Model • Blueprint for large developments • Solve problems before building systems • Construct parts that fit together • Plan • Manage resource • Adapt to change
- 33. Models help • “Visualize” the system • Agreement with customers • Agreement with sponsors • Estimation • Costing • Scalability and reliability planning
- 34. Can be built by one person Requires Minimal modeling Simple process Simple tools Architecting a dog house
- 35. Architecting a house Built most efficiently and timely by a team Requires Modeling Well-defined process Power tools
- 36. Modeling a house
- 37. When not to model? • Trivial systems • Over-modelling of modest systems • Over-modelling of large systems – diagrams for diagrams sake – excessive detail
- 38. Types of models • Static model – snapshot of a system’s parameters at rest or at specific point in time (e.g) class diagram • A dynamic model can be viewed as collection of procedures or behavior of a system over time. It shows how business objects interact to perform tasks.
- 39. Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML’s Strengths and Weaknesses • Describing the Modeling Process • Defining the Syntax of UML • Clarifying with an Example OUTLINE
- 40. Unified Modeling Language is a standard language for writing software blueprints WHAT IS UML? Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples
- 41. WHO DEVELOPED IT? Object Management Group Grady Booch James Rumbaugh Ivar Jacobson Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples
- 42. Booch Jacobson Rumbaugh “The 3 Amigos”
- 44. UML TOOLS Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples Rational Rose - IBM ArgoUML – Tigris http://argouml.tigris.org/ Visual paradigm suite
- 45. WHY MODEL? Visualizing Specifying Constructing Documenting Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples
- 46. PRESCRIBED PROCESS Object – Oriented (although not limited) Use Case Driven Architecture-centric Iterative and Incremental Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples
- 47. ARCHITECTURE CENTRIC Design View Deployment View Process View Implementation View Use Case View Design View Use Case View Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples End-user Functionality Analysts/ Designers structures Programmers Software management System topology Delivery, installation communication Performance Scalability Throughput System Integrators
- 48. SYNTAX AND DIAGRAMS Things Relationships Diagrams • Structural • Realization • Annotational • Grouping • Behavioral • Generalization • Association • Dependency class Window size open() waiting state Business rules package Return copies notes dependency association Generalization Realization Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples
- 50. There are about 9 types of diagrams in UML1.5 Sequence Diagrams Dynamic views Static views Collaboration Diagrams Activity Diagrams Statechart Diagrams Class Diagrams Object Diagrams Component Diagrams Deployment Diagrams Model Some part of the model might not be visible on any diagram Use Case Diagrams
- 51. Workflows and Models Requirements Design Implementation Test Analysis Use Case Model Design Model Deploym. Model Impl. Model Analysis Model Test Model UML diagrams provide views into each model Each workflow is associated with one or more models.
- 52. Use Case Model Use Case Diagrams Collaboration Diagrams Component Diagrams Deployment Diagrams Object Diagrams Statechart Diagrams Sequence Diagrams Class Diagrams Activity Diagrams Use Case Model Design Model Depl. Model Impl. Model Analysis Model Test Model
- 53. Analysis & Design Model Use Case Diagrams Collaboration Diagrams Component Diagrams Deployment Diagrams Object Diagrams Statechart Diagrams Sequence Diagrams Class Diagrams Activity Diagrams Use Case Model Design Model Depl. Model Impl. Model Analysis Model Test Model Incl. subsystems and packages
- 54. Deployment and Implementation Model Use Case Diagrams Collaboration Diagrams Component Diagrams Deployment Diagrams Object Diagrams Statechart Diagrams Sequence Diagrams Class Diagrams Activity Diagrams Use Case Model Design Model Depl. Model Impl. Model Analysis Model Test Model Incl. active classes and components
- 55. Test Model Use Case Diagrams Collaboration Diagrams Component Diagrams Deployment Diagrams Object Diagrams Statechart Diagrams Sequence Diagrams Class Diagrams Activity Diagrams Use Case Model Design Model Depl. Model Impl. Model Analysis Model Test Model Test model refers to all other models and uses corresponding diagrams
- 56. SYNTAX AND DIAGRAMS Static Dynamic Class Object Component Deployment Use Case Sequence Collaboration Statechart Activity Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples
- 57. SYNTAX AND DIAGRAMS Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples Use Case Diagrams Collaboration Diagrams Sequence Diagrams Class Diagrams State Diagrams Activity Diagrams Deployment Diagrams Component Diagrams
- 58. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples On-line Grade Record • Computerized system in which teachers record and update grades and students access their personal grade records
- 59. USE CASE DIAGRAM Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples Student Teacher Log in Save Grades Load Grades View Grades Record Grades Update Grades <<include>> <<include>> <<include>> <<include>> <<include>> <<include>>
- 64. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples Teacher Website Logon Validate Validate(UID,PWD) Not Validated Validated [valid] [invalid] Display Logon Error Choose Student Load Student Information Load Student …
- 65. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples Teacher Web Interface Log Login Teacher Log Logon Attempt Log Successful Logon [successful logon] Log Unsuccessful Logon [unsuccessful logon] Lookup Student [successful logon] Log Student Lookup Logout Teacher [successful logon]
- 66. COLLABORATION DIAGRAM Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples 1: LoadClass(Name) :Teacher :Student :Class :FileSystem 1.1: LoadStudents() 1.2: LoadClassInfo() 1.3: LoadRoom() 2: AddStudent(Name)
- 67. CLASS DIAGRAM Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples Teacher - Username - Password - Classes + AddClass() + RemoveClass() + ChangePassword(in OldPassword: String, in NewPassword: String) : Boolean {if (oldPassword = Password Attribute) then Password Attribute = NewPassword Return Value = True Else Return Value = False}
- 68. CLASS DIAGRAM Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples Teacher Online User Website + Logon() + View() Grades + RecordGrades() + UpdateGrades() - SaveGrades() - LoadGrades() Maintains > 1 1..* Displays > Uses >
- 69. STATE DIAGRAM Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples Ready Saving Saved Error Success Failure SaveGrade
- 70. UML first pass: Sequence diagram :LCDDisplay blinkHours() blinkMinutes() refresh() commitNewTime() :Time incrementMinutes() stopBlinking() :Watch pressButton1() pressButton2() pressButtons1And2() pressButton1() :WatchUser Object Message Activation Sequence diagrams represent the behavior as interactions Actor Lifeline
- 71. UML first pass: Class diagrams 1 2 push() release() 1 1 blinkIdx blinkSeconds() blinkMinutes() blinkHours() stopBlinking() referesh() LCDDisplay Battery load 1 2 1 Time now 1 Watch Class Association Multiplicity Attribute Operations Class diagrams represent the structure of the system state PushButton
- 72. UML first pass: Statechart diagrams for objects with interesting dynamic behavior BlinkHours BlinkMinutes IncrementHrs IncrementMin. BlinkSeconds IncrementSec. StopBlinking [button1&2Pressed] [button1Pressed] [button2Pressed] [button2Pressed] [button2Pressed] [button1Pressed] [button1&2Pressed] [button1&2Pressed] State Initial state Final state Transition Event Represent behavior as states and transitions
- 73. • Show aspects of model implementation, including source code structure and run-time implementation structure • Kinds –component diagram –deployment diagram Implementation Diagrams
- 74. • Shows the organizations and dependencies among software components • Components include –source code components –binary code components –executable components Component Diagram
- 77. • Shows the configuration of run-time processing elements and the software components, processes and objects that live on them • Deployment diagrams may be used to show which components may run on which nodes Deployment Diagram
- 79. Node1 Node2 «cluster» x y «cluster» x y «become» «database» w z Deployment Diagram (cont’d)
- 80. UML’s STRENGTHS Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples UML is a language which directs us to: • Visualize • Specify • Plan • Document Organize, Structure and Communicate
- 81. UML’s STRENGTHS Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples Which compels us to be: • More Precise • More Complete • Less Ambiguous Its easy to read and if accepted would be a language that everyone understood
- 82. UML’s WEAKNESSES Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML Examples There is a big difference between: Compels and Ensures • There is insufficient means for test and verification (For instance: there is no mean to specify relational tables)
- 83. Defining UML Modeling with UML Analyzing UML’s Strengths and Weaknesses • Describing the Modeling Process • Defining the Syntax of UML • Clarifying with Examples SUMMARY
- 84. Booch, G. et al., The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Addison-Wesley, Toronto, 1998 Roff, J.T., UML A Beginner’s Guide, McGraw Hill/Osborn, Toronto, 2003 BIBLIOGRAPHY