Understanding the Self Contraception Method
- 2. Terms to Remember Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. Ovulation refers to the discharging of ovum from the ovary. Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes. Implantation is the attachment of blastocyst into the wall of the uterus.
- 3. Purpose of Contraception Birth control (contraception) is designed to interfere with the normal process and prevent the pregnancy that could result. Each method has its own side effects and risks. Some methods are more reliable than others.
- 4. Natural Method Does not involve any chemicals or foreign body introduction into the human body. Commonly used by religion- conscious people. Preferred by many because it is cost-effective.
- 5. Natural Methods Abstinence Calendar method Basal Body Temperature Cervical mucus method Symptothermal method Ovulation detection Coitus interruptus
- 6. Abstinence Involves refraining from sexual intercourse and is the most effective natural birth control method with ideally 0% fail rate. Best way to avoid STI’s. However, most people find it difficult to comply with it. So only few use this method.
- 7. Calendar Method Also known as Rhythm method. It entails withholding from coitus during the days that the female is fertile. According to it, females are likely to conceive 3 or 4 days before; and 3 or 4 days after ovulation. 6 months recording of menstrual cycle is needed in order to calculate safe days.
- 8. Basal Body Temperature (BBT) BBT is a body temperature at complete rest. When a female ovulates, BBT rises slightly. After ovulation, progesterone rises. It causes a slight increase in body temperature. The shift upwards caused by ovulation is at least four-tenths. Ex. 98.2 – 98.6 Charting is important. If this change stays around at least 3 days, ovulation occurred.
- 9. Cervical Mucus Method During ovulation, cervical mucus is thin and watery. Peak of ovulation gives the cervical mucus its Spinnbarkeit property. It means it can be stretched up at least an inch and is slippery.
- 10. Symptothermal Method Basically a combination of the BBT method and the cervical mucus method. Female’s should abstain from coitus upon the increase in BBT and changes in cervical mucus.
- 11. Ovulation Detection Uses an over-the-counter kit that requires the urine sample of the female. The kit can predict ovulation through the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the urine that happens 12 to 24 hours before ovulation. LH triggers the ovaries to release an egg.
- 12. Coitus Interruptus One of the oldest methods that prevents conception. A couple still goes on coitus, but the male withdraws his organ out of the vagina before he emits the semen and sperms. Disadvantage is the pre- ejaculation which also contains few sperms.
- 13. Artificial Methods Involve any chemicals or foreign body introduction into the human body. Uses method and devices to prevent pregnancy.
- 14. Artificial Methods Oral contraceptives Transdermal patch Vaginal ring Subdermal implants Hormonal injections IUD Chemical barriers Diaphragm Cervical cap Male condom Female condom Surgical methods
- 15. Oral Contraceptives Also known as the pill which contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen suppresses FSH and LH to prevent ovulation. Progesterone decreases the permeability of the cervical mucus to limit the sperms’ access to the ova. Taken upon the advice of a medical doctor.
- 16. Oral Contraceptives side effects: Intermenstrual spotting Nausea Breast tenderness Headaches and migraine Weight gain Mood changes Missed periods Decreased libido
- 17. Transdermal Patch Contains both estrogen and progesterone. The female should apply one path every week for 3 weeks on the following areas: upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen or buttocks. No patch is applied at the 4th week because the menstrual flow would occur.
- 18. Vaginal Ring The ring releases a combination of estrogen and progesterone ang it surrounds the cervix. This silicon ring is inserted into the female genital and remains there for 3 weeks and then removed on the 4th week as the menstrual flow would occur.
- 19. Subdermal Implants 2 rod-like implants inserted under the skin of the female during her menses or on the seventh day of her menstruation to make sure that she will not get pregnant. The implants are made with etonogestrel, desogestrel and progestin and can be helpful for 3 to 5 years.
- 20. Hormonal Injections Contains progesterone which is usually given once every 12 weeks intramuscularly. The injection causes changes in the endometrium and cervical mucus and can help prevent ovulation.
- 21. Intra Uterine Device (IUD) A small, T-shaped object containing copper that is inserted into the uterus via the female’s genital. It prevents fertilization by creating a local sterile inflammatory condition to prevent implantation of the zygote. It also thickens the mucus of the cervix to prevent sperms from reaching an egg. Effectivity takes 5 to 7 years.
- 22. Chemical Barriers Gels and creams which are used to cause death of sperms before they can enter the cervix. Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that destroys sperm, applied prior to sexual intercourse.
- 23. Diaphragm A circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix and should be placed before coitus. Works by inhibiting the entrance of the sperm into the cervix. This works well with chemical barriers. Fitted by physicians only, and must remain in place for 6 hours after coitus.
- 24. Cervical Cap A soft rubber fitted on the rim of the cervix. It is shaped like a thimble with a thin rim. Could stay in place for not more than 48 hours.
- 25. Male Condom A latex rubber sheath that is placed on the erect male’s genital before penetration. It traps sperms during ejaculation. This can prevent STI’s. Has a typical fail rate of 15% due to a break in the sheath.
- 26. Female Condom A latex rubber sheath that are pre-lubricated with spermicide. Bound by 2 rings. Used to prevent fertilization of the egg by the sperm cells.
- 27. Surgical Method Vasectomy A surgical procedure where the vas deferens are cut, preventing the passage of sperm from the testes to the penis. And remember, while it may sound scary, the risks of a vasectomy are minimal.
- 28. Surgical Method Tubal Ligation Tubal ligation is surgery women can get to "tie” their fallopian tubes. It's a type of female sterilization. The goal is to prevent eggs from traveling from the ovaries to the uterus, so you can't get pregnant.
- 29. Contraception Methods Thank you for paying attention.