The document discusses the use of values and negative space in design. It defines value as the shades of grey between black and white that create form through light and shadows. A value scale ranges from 0 (black) to 10 (white). Negative space is the empty space around objects that is important for accurately depicting positive space and can be used as a compositional tool. The design project prompts drawing negative spaces around a figure, dividing the image into thirds, and shading each area with high key, low key, and a range of values.