Understanding Windows NT Internals - Part 2
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Windows NT internals refer to the inner workings of the Windows NT operating system. It includes the system architecture, critical data, and how the system is organized.
Understanding Windows NT Internals - Part 2
- 1. WINDOWS NT INTERNALS – 02 Computer Call September 22, 1997
- 2. HARDWARE Bus Architecture Registers • Size • Relative Position • Contents of Registers Error and Status Reporting Interrupt Behaviour
- 3. DEVICE REGISTERS • Status Registers • Data Buffer • Command Register
- 4. PARALLEL PORT REGISTERS Offse t Regist er Access Description 0 Data R/W Data byte transferred through parallel port 1 Status Bit 0-1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 R/O Current parallel port status Reserved 0 – Interrupt has been requested by port 0 – An error has occurred 1 – Printer is selected 1 – Printer is out of paper 0 – Acknowledge 0 – Printer is busy 2 Contro l Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5-7 R/W Enable Interrupts Reserved Commands sent to parallel port 1 – Strobe data to/from parallel port 1 – Automatic line feed 0 – Initialize printer 1 – Select Printer
- 5. HAL FUNCTIONS FOR DATA REGISTERS • READ-PORT-XXX • WRITE-PORT-XXX • READ-PORT-BUFFER-XXX • WRITE-PORT-BUFFER-XXX
- 6. DEVICE INTERRUPTS • Interrupt Priorities • Interrupt Vectors • Signaling Mechanism(edge triggered/level triggered)
- 7. DATA TRANSFER MECHANISMS • Programmed I/O • Direct Memory Access • Shared Buffers
- 8. DEVICE DEDICATED MEMORY • Private Range of Addresses • Required in Control Register Startup code for device Temporary Buffer
- 9. AUTO CONFIGURATION OF DEVICE • Manufacture supplies Resource list • Resource list for Device contains Manufacturer supplies ID Device type ID I/O space requirements DMA Channels Device Memory requirements
- 10. DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUS SPECIFICATION • ISA • MCA • EISA • PCI
- 11. BUS STANDARDS Data Transfer Interrupt Mechanism DMA Mechanism Device Memory Auto Configuration ISA 8MB/sec 8259 PIC 8237 DMAC 16MB Physical No MCA 10-160 MB/sec 8259 PIC 4 GB Physical Yes EISA 33 MB/sec Superset ISA Mechanism 4 GB Physical Yes PCI 132 MB/sec to 264 MB/sec