UNIT 02 MYK.pptx [Autosaved].pptxhhhhhhh
- 1. Relationship Between Theory, Research & Practice of Nursing Reviewed and presented by: Mr. M Younus Khan
- 2. Objective s Relate the theory, practice and research in perspective. Discuss evolution of nursing practice Theories. Appreciate nursing theorists of historical significance.
- 3. Nursing Theory: Education, Practice & Research Theory development in nursing is an essential component to advance the knowledge of the discipline. The discipline of nursing has evolved to an understanding of the relationship among theory, practice, & research that no longer separates them into distinct categories. This complementary relationship foster the development of new understanding about practice, as theory is used to guide practice & practice innovations drive new- middle range theory.
- 4. Theory Describes/Explains phenomenon Predicts Outcome of the phenomenon Prescribe Action for phenomenon Education Used as a frame work to structure curricular content or as a guide for nursing education Practice Used to apply theory based interventions Research Test & evaluate theory Evaluate patient responses to nursing & medical evidence based interventions Develop standards for care Generate new scientifically tested nursing knowledge
- 5. Cont . It provides a guiding framework for what to be taught at different levels of nursing programs. PhD: a research degree that generates new discipline-specific knowledge Master’s: use theoretical perspectives focused on the patient for specific nursing outcomes; focuses on evidence based practice generated from research & experience BScN: introduce research process & the use of theory to guide it
- 6. Use of Theory in Nursing Education Nursing as a discipline is dependent on theory, as it guides what courses a nursing student should learn to become a nurse. Example: ◦Caring (FON) ◦Transcultural nursing (CHS) ◦End of life care (Palliative Nursing) ◦Stress & adaptation (MHN) 6
- 7. Use of Theory in Nursing Practice Nursing theory is a useful tool for sound reasoning, critical thinking and decision making process in nursing practice. Provides a systematic way to provide nursing care by organizing, understanding & analyzing data, planning interventions, predicting outcome of care, evaluating patient outcome ---- NCP Challenges conventional views of patients, illness, health care delivery system, & traditional nursing interventions. Example: oOrem’s self care theory oKolcaba’s comfort theory oMoore’s end of life theory 7
- 8. Use of Theory in Research Identify meaningful & relevant areas for study. Propose plausible approaches to health problems. Develop or refine theories. Define the concepts & proposed relationships between concepts. Interpret research findings. Develop clinical practice protocols. Generate nursing diagnosis.
- 9. Nursing Philosophies These are the most abstract type & sets for the meaning of nursing phenomena through analysis, reasoning & logical presentation Nursing Conceptual Models/ Grand Theories It provide a distinct frame of reference for its adherents (conceptual framework), that tells them how to observe & interpret the phenomena of interest to the discipline, it is broad & complex Nursing Theories It comprises works derived from nursing philosophies, conceptual models, abstract nursing theories. It is generally not as specific as a middle- range theory Middle-Range Nursing Theories These have the most specific focus & is concrete, are precise & answer specific nursing practice questions or a particular situation with limited number of variables Types of Nursing Theoretical Works
- 10. Nursing Philosophies Nightingale Watson Ray Benner Martinsen Eriksson Nursing Conceptual Models/ Grand Theories Levine Rogers Orem King Neuman Roy Johnson
- 11. Nursing Theories Boykin & Schoenhofer Meleis Pender Leininger Newman Parse Erickson, Tomlin & Swain Husted & Husted Middle-Range Theories Mishel Reed Wiener & Dodd Eakes, Burke & Hainsworth Barker Kolcaba Mercer Beck Swanson Ruland & Moore
- 12. Paradigm & Metaparadigms in Nursing Paradigm is a pattern of beliefs & practices. A paradigm directs what research topics are investigated, how research is conducted, & how theories are derived with in nursing. (Weaver & Olson, 2006; Monti & Tingen, 1999) A set of assumptions, beliefs, concepts, values, and practices that define a particular scientific discipline or research tradition Metaparadigms in Nursing Person: Recipient of care, including physical, spiritual, psychological, & sociocultural components, E.g. Individual, family, or community Environment: All internal & external conditions, circumstances, & influences affecting the person Health: Degree of wellness or illness experienced by the person Nursing: Actions, characteristics & attributes of person giving care
- 13. Based on the Philosophical Underpinnings of the Theories 1. “Needs” Theories These theories are based around helping individuals to fulfill their physical & mental needs. E.g.: Virginia Henderson - Need Theory 2.“Interaction” Theories These theories revolve around the relationships nurses form with their patients. Such theories have been criticized for largely ignoring the medical model of health & not attending to basic physical needs. E.g: Hildegard Peplau - Interpersonal theory
- 14. 3. “Outcome” Theories These portray the nurse as the changing force, who enables individuals to adapt to or cope with ill health • Outcome theories have been criticized as too abstract and difficult to implement in practice E.g.: Roy- adaptation model 4. “Humanistic” Theories Humanistic theories emphasize a person’s capacity for self-actualization. E.g.: Maslow- Self-actualization; Carl Rogers developed a person –centered model of psychotherapy that emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual. The major contribution that Rogers added to nursing practice is the understanding that each client is a unique individual, so, person-centered approach now a practice in nursing. Cont.
- 15. References •Alligood, M. R. ( 2018). Nursing theory: Utilization & application , ( 9th ed.). Maryland Heights, (MO) : Mosby-Elsevier. •Alligood, M. R. ( 2014). Nursing theory: Utilization & application , ( 8th ed.). Maryland Heights, (MO) : Mosby-Elsevier. •Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. K. ( 2011 ). Integrated knowledge development in nursing ( 8th ed.). St. Louis : Elsevier Mosby. •Colley, S. (2003). Nursing Theory: its importance to practice. Nursing Standard. 17, 46, 33-37. •Duff, E. (2011) Relating the Nursing Paradigm to Practice: A Teaching Strategy. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 8, 13-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1548-923X.2076 •Miller, A. (1985). The relationship between nursing theory and nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1985,10,417—424 •Reed, P., & Shearer, N. ( 2012 ). Perspectives on nursing theory ( 6th ed.). New York : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. •Scott P., Matthews A., Kirwan M. (2013). What is nursing in the 21st century and what does the 21st century health system require of nursing? Nursing Philosophy, PP 1-12 •Tomey. M.A. & Alligood, M.R. (2014). Nursing Theorists and Their Work (8th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby, Inc.
- 16. Thank You