![“Designers [...] don't try to
search for a solution until
they have determined the
real problem, and even
then, instead of solving
that problem, they stop to
consider a wide range of
potential solutions. Only
then will they finally
converge upon their
proposal. This process is
called ‘design thinking.’”
—Don Norman](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unit-1designthinking-241211170246-77680309/85/UNIT-1-Introduction-to-Design-Thinking-121-320.jpg)
UNIT-1 - Introduction to Design Thinking
- 1. Design Thinking Session-1 : Introduction to elements & Principles of design, Basics of design-dot, line & shape.
- 4. ➢ Design thinking is a problem-solving process that’s used by designers and non-designers alike. It involves five steps: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. ➢ The first step is to get inside the user’s head—literally!—and understand how they think and feel about their problems. ➢ Then you can create an empathy map that shows what users want from each aspect of their personal or professional lives. ➢ Next comes defining the problem statement by identifying what’s wrong and coming up with ideas for how it could be fixed or improved. ➢ Then create mockups or prototypes of your thoughts so you can start testing them out in real- life situations with real people as early as possible in the design process.
- 5. What is Design Thinking? ➢ A human-centered innovation strategy known as “design thinking” integrates the demands of people, the potential of technology, and the conditions necessary for successful company operations. ➢ Before approving concepts that go to realization, designers investigate several ways, combine them into fresh ideas and prototypes, and test those with possible users. ➢ Design thinking is a process that can be applied to a wide range of problems: working with organizations or individuals, solving intractable social issues or creating new products, coming up with strategies for competitive advantage, or managing day-to-day operations more effectively. ➢ For example, You’re looking at ways to improve your company’s customer experience efforts—but you’re not quite sure which direction would work best. Try applying design thinking principles like empathy and user research instead of brainstorming possible solutions from scratch! ➢ Or, Is your team struggling with how best to prepare itself for change by improving its communication and collaboration skills? Design thinking can help here too! Rather than just talking about it (or even just reading articles), try doing something different—like taking time out each week, so everyone attending gets their say while still allowing others who didn’t speak last time around an opportunity too…
- 6. Process of Design Thinking •Identify the problem •Discover the need •Create solutions •Test the solution •Evaluate the solution
- 17. Session-2
- 28. An I n t r o d u c t i o n t o Design Thinking Design Thinking is a Piece of Cake Session-3
- 29. Getting to know you I c e b r e a k e r Before we start with the session, let's warm up a little with some icebreaker questions. Copy a sticky note, then write your thoughts. Copy a sticky note, then write your thoughts. Below are suggestions for icebreaker questions: What's your favorite dessert? What is your favorite place to visit? Why did you choose to join this workshop? Time: 5 minutes
- 30. W h a t is Design Thinking? Design Thinking is a human-centered approach to problem solving.
- 31. The S t e p s Empathize Define Id e a te P r o t o t yp e Test
- 32. Empathise The first stage in Design Thinking process is to Empathize with our End User. In our example we can think of our End User as the person who will be enjoying the cake. Empathy is central to the human-centered approach of Design Thinking. We are always seeking to understand our end user's needs. Ways in which we can empathize with our user/cake eater Engage: We can understand our user's needs by speaking with them and having open conversations. We might conduct a simple interview or survey to find out their likes and dislikes when it comes to desserts. Observe: We might watch our user, and their daily interactions. Perhaps we ask them to keep a food diary, and this may help us see what tastes they have, and if there are any foods or flavors they avoid Watch &Listen: We may combine a conversation with an interaction, for example asking our user to make their favorite recipie and talk us through the process.
- 33. Define Using our knowledge from our Empathize stage, we can use these findings to interpret our user and focus on their needs. The Define stage of the process allows us to have more clarity to our initial problem and have better understanding of our user. Exercises that might help us Define our problem, "What cake shall we design?" Create Personas: In this exercise, we may write a summerized description of our end user, including their personality traits, their needs, motivations, likes and dislikes. If we have surveyed many people, we may use several people's responses to create a fictional character persona. Write a Project Brief: Using our findings, we can reframe our initial question, to ensure we are asking the right question and then look to how might solve it. For example, perhaps our user doesn't like sponge cake, so we are now defining our brief to "what kind of cheesecake should we make?"
- 34. Ideate The term Ideate stems from the word "Idea". In this stage we create ideas that respond to the user's needs and the defined brief from the previous stage. This stage is the fun part, where we have quick and rapid ideation sessions, and all ideas are welcome and encouraged. We then may narrow down our ideas to fewer options depending on our time and budget restraints for the project. Examples: Inspiration: We might use Pinterest to look for cake ideas that fit our brief, or research recipe ideas online or in books. Moodboards: Perhaps we create a mood board showcasing all of our personas' favorite flavors, and we can mix and match new combinations.
- 35. Prototype A prototype is visual, interactive mock-up of an idea. This could be a mock-up of service, a product, an interior space, sculpture, branding and marketing strategy or a digital interaction such as a website or app. Prototypes can be two dimensional: drawing or diagram, or three dimensional. Ways in which we might prototype our cake design: Choose three cake ideas, draw up visual representations of them along with the recipe outline. Bake two small cupcake versions to taste-test with our end user. Create 3D versions of our cake design with card and paper, and lay out the ingredients around each prototype.
- 36. Test The fifth stage of Design Thinking, we test a prototype with users and, potentially with other stakeholders too. By capturing honest responses and feedback, we invite participants to imagine possibilities for the potential solution. We use these insights that analyse the effectiveness and impact of the prototype and refine the idea accordingly. Recording our test: A feedback survey: users may want to remain anonymous, so we could ask them to complete an online survey with their opinions to the cake prototypes Marks out of 10 A rating could be given to each cake and the highest idea is brought forward as a final solution, or developed further. A conversational analysis asking the user for their feedback, perhaps we share tea and cake togther and we directly experience their responses to each cake prototype
- 37. Any Q u e s t i o n s ? Any questions about Design Thinking so far? How would you describe Design Thinking? What excites you about Design Thinking? What aspects about Design Thinking are you unsure of?
- 39. Empathize Define Id e a te P r o t o t yp e Test
- 40. Empathize Interview Exercise Working in pairs, each person will interview the other to find out what their needs are for their birthday cake. Questions we might think to ask: What are your favorite dessert flavors? Tell me what allergies you have, if any? What cakes have you had in the past that created a memorable experience? Who else will be eating the cake? These questions are our human-centred research. Depending on the subject and how we might develop questions, and chose to engage and interact with our end-user (the person enjoying the cake!) we can uncover insights from our empathize stage. There is space on the next page to record your questions and their responses.
- 41. Q u e s t i o n s Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Answers
- 42. Empathize Define Id e a te P r o t o t yp e Test
- 43. C r e a t i n g a P e r s o n a 2 Fill out the boxes to create your profile. You can also visualise, using images, drawings and a collage. 1 In this exercise, we will each write a summerized description of our end user, including their personality traits, their needs, motivations, likes and dislikes. Name & Age Backstory Hobbies Cakes Birthday plans
- 44. Needs Guests Likes Additional Info Allergies Dislikes
- 45. Introduce yourself to your team by exploring the range and depth of your skills. Allocate different colour post-its for each team member Write your skills and experience on post-its and place in the relevant section of the T-shaped profile Discuss your similarities and differences as a team T - s h a p e d Profile Interests Ambitions Range of Knowledge and Skills Hobbies Skills Depth of Knowledge and Profession Education Other Experience
- 46. Empathize Define Id e a te P r o t o t yp e Test
- 47. P e r s o n a 1 Name & Age Backstory Hobbies Cakes Birthday plans Lewis, will be 28 on his birthday Low-key afternoon tea with snacks Lewis lives in North London, he travels to work in London Bridge everyday. He eats a cinnamon roll most mornings, with a black coffee. He's quiet and bookish, and has been dating his girlfriend for two months, they met at a Amateur Shakespeare theatre group Shakespeare Fixing things Motorbikes Beach walks when he can get out of London to visit family in Chichester. Likes all cakes. Eats a cinnamon roll most days. Ice cream at the beach Using our chosen Persona, we can move to the Ideate stage of the Design Thinking Process.
- 48. Need s Guest s Like s Addition al I n f o Allergie s Dislike s Gran Girlfriend Simone who hates raisins. Brother, Ed Parents none not fussy. happy to go with the flow. Gran likes to set re-lighting trick candles on birthday cakes . She's quite traditional. Gran is getting old, and he wants to enjoy as much family time with her as he can Seafood, lettuce, oranges All sweet things! Has a very sweet tooth Simone, "categorically hates raisins"
- 49. P e r s o n a S u m m a r y Lewis has a very sweet tooth, and will eat most cakes, and sweet things, he’s partial to an ice cream along the beach. He has a cinnamon roll every other day with a black coffee on the way to work. I t will be his 28th birthday, and he’ll be spending it with his parents, his brother, his gran and his new girlfriend Simone who “categorically hates raisins”. It’s an infomal afternoon tea with snacks. His gran is quite traditional when it comes to cake, and her favourite part of birthday celebrations is adding candles to the cake - especially the joke kind that relight every time they’re blown out. Lewis and his brother never tire over Gran’s candle joke. Lewis
- 50. Rapid-Fire Ideas Rapid-Idea suggest fest is all about capturing as many ideas as possible. Go big and bold with your ideas! anything is possible at this stage. We are looking for quantity over quality Ideas Generation Exercise Rapid Fire Ideas Capture your ideas by adding them on post- its and adding to the board. Team members should add a minimum of three ideas.
- 51. The Idea Vault Narrowing Your Idea Focus How do we select the best ideas ? Search
- 52. Welcome to The Idea Vault! Are you ready to play? You have a wealth of brilliant ideas, and it can be a challenge to select which to take forward to develop. This game will help you decide and select winning ideas.
- 53. Rules of The Idea Vault How this game works Ideas are chosen at random from your previous Ideas Generation sessions You must travel through the game, answering the questions, until the idea is either shortlisted as a winner, or goes into the Ideas Vault! The Ideas Vault is a place to park ideas that might not be attainable right now, but perhaps worth considering in future. Keep playing until you have discussed all of your ideas and have a shortlisted selection. If an answer to a question can't be mutually agreed, it goes to a vote.
- 54. (your name goes here) (your name goes here) Your Game Masters (nominate someone)
- 55. There is a total of 4 minutes allotted for each idea. There are four rounds- you have one minute per question. If you run out of time, there is an extra 20 seconds per question to vote YES or NO. Majority wins. Questions have YES or No answers and are designed to be answered quickly. If an Idea goes to the Ideas Vault, you start from Round 1with a new Idea. How to Play The Idea Vault Follow along and have fun! 1 2 3 4 5 Winning Ideas will be shortlisted and presented at the end of the game.
- 56. We are designing a cake for (persona's) Birthday. Which cake should we make or buy for them that them and their guests will enįoy most? What is your Project Brief?
- 57. (insert idea 1here) (insert idea 2 here) (insert idea 3 here) (insert idea 4 here) (insert ieda 5 here) Ideas to discuss
- 59. Select your first idea. Choose at random, each idea will get it's turn in the spotlight. With your idea in mind, consider the following questions.
- 60. Does it answer our defined question in your project brief? YES NO (Input your selected Idea here.) Round 1
- 61. Ifyou answered YES,you can move onto the next round Ifyou answered NO,it goes into the Ideas Vault
- 62. Into the Vault! Ideas can stay here for safe-keeping. They may not be right for this project, but could be revisited in future.
- 63. Is this cake idea exciting to you? Round 2 Prompts: Do you feel inspired and energised by this idea? Prompts: Has this been done before? Do I feel overwhelmed by it? vs. YES NO
- 64. Ifyou answered YES, you can move onto the next round Ifyou answered NO, it goes into the Ideas Vault
- 65. Will it meet everyone's needs? Round 4 Prompts will everyone enjoy it? Prompts: Will we need to amend it for tastes/allergies? vs. NO YES
- 66. Ifyou answered YES, you have a Winning Idea! Ifyou answered NO, it goes into the Ideas Vault
- 67. Time for a quick water break! The Game Masters will determine the Winning Ideas! Break
- 68. Idea 1 Idea 2 Idea 3 Shortlisted Winners It's Results Time! These ideas can be further developed, and perhaps considered for prototyping.
- 69. Ideas in the Vault Idea 1 Idea 2 Ideas can stay here for safe-keeping. They may not be right for this project, but could be revisited in future.
- 70. Empathize Define Id e a te P r o t o t yp e Test
- 71. Idea 1 Idea 2 Idea 3 Shortlisted Winners It's Results Time!
- 72. Prototyping exercise A prototype is a visual, interactive mock-up of an idea. We do them in a quick, low-cost way to test with our user before creating a final solution, or further development. We'll prototype three of our cakedesigns: Choose three cake ideas, draw up visual representations of them, or create a collage to show how they might look. Alongside this, create a rough idea of the recipe, or flavors to be used in the cake Our prototypes can be created using paper, or design software, whichever the group is most familiar with. You'll have 10 minutes to create each prototype. You can use the next page as a template
- 73. 1 2 3 How are you feeling? (cake n a m e #1) Ingredients Baking Method Presentation Drawing/visual representation of cake Time: 10 minutes
- 74. 1 2 3 Ingredients Baking Method Presentation Visuals Drawing/visual representation of cake Time: 10 minutes
- 75. Empathize Define Id e a te P r o t o t yp e Test
- 76. Cake Name #1 TEST 1 2 3 Ingredients Baking Method Presentation Gather Feedback from your users
- 77. TEST 1 2 3 Ingredients Baking Method Presentation Gather Feedback from your users
- 78. Cake Name #1 1 2 3 FINAL CAKE DESIGN Ingredients Baking Method Presentation ReCipe Vanilla cream Chocolate biscuit base Fresh raspberries
- 80. Any Q u e s t i o n s ?
- 81. Session-4
- 84. Features of Design Thinking
- 85. Use of Design Thinking
- 87. Venn Diagram of Design Thinking
- 93. “companies are accelerating efforts to change their cultures, foster innovation, and serve customers more effectively. Innovation, or "design thinking," is, we believe, something truly important and enduring”
- 94. The ultimate defense against complexity David Gelernter Professor of Computer Science, Yale Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. Leonardo da Vinci Design is a way of changing life and influencing the future Sir Ernest Hall Pianist, Entrepreneur, and Philanthropist
- 96. “Design is not a product designers produce, design is a process that designers facilitate” –Leah Buley
- 97. Agenda • What is Design Thinking? • What are the benefits of Design Thinking? • Who is using Design Thinking?
- 98. “a human-centered innovation process that emphasizes observation, collaboration, fast learning, visualization of ideas, rapid concept prototyping, and concurrent business analysis” (Lockwood, 2009) What is Design Thinking?
- 100. What is Design Thinking? • A structured process for problem solving • Developed to address “Wicked” problems – Complex problems with multiple stakeholder groups – Can be used for technology, process, policy, etc. • Purpose is to – Facilitate innovative solutions – Reduce Risk
- 101. Principals of Design Thinking • Structured process, focusing on the users – Use steps and methods that are defined – Power is in the whole process, not individual steps • Scientific method – Consider ideas to be hypotheses to be tested, not definite solutions • Diverse teams – Diversity in terms of roles to maximize the knowledge, perspectives, and connections of team members – Demographic diversity not as critical here
- 103. What is the History of Design Thinking? • User-Centered Design (UCD) has been around for a long time. – Usability Testing, Focus Groups, Observations, etc. • Several organizations operationalized UCD into a more structured process – IDEO, Stanford d.School, among others – Late 1980’s / early 1990’s, although foundational work was earlier
- 104. Design in the old days… • Design: a phase accomplished by specialists who delivered “the design” • Design process: black box • Design process output: – wireframes & mockups • Designer: disconnected from development; hero that works alone and saves the day
- 105. Design today… • Design: a literacy (like development) and a team sport • Design process: Design Thinking • Design process output: – understanding for user needs & decisions • Designer: somebody who facilitates and engages other disciplines in a participatory process (Balanced Teams)
- 108. What is the Design Thinking process? • Different organizations have their own take, but they all follow similar stages. • From Stanford: – Empathize –Connect with and understand the users – Define –Identify (reframe?) the core problems – Ideate –Brainstorm lots of ideas – Prototype –Narrow down the ideas and build prototypes – Test –Use the results to support decision-making
- 109. Design Process
- 110. The 5 steps in Stanford’s Design Thinking Model
- 111. The Design Thinking Process
- 112. IBM Design Thinking Methods Design Thinking methods help you envision your user experience
- 113. What is the Design Thinking process?
- 114. What is the Design Thinking process?
- 115. What is the Design Thinking process?
- 116. Benefits of Design Thinking • Formal process provides structure. – It provides a strategy to those new to this approach. – It supports collaboration among team members. • Data-driven decision- making aligns team members’ thinking.
- 117. Benefits of Design Thinking • Early focus on understanding users -- – Allows teams to agree on the mission early. – Provides a strong basis for later steps in the process. • Experimental approach of presenting ideas as hypotheses – – Reduces the risk and cost of failure – Reduces cognitive biases – Allows for easier acceptance of failures
- 118. • Diverse teams are better able to pivot as situations change. • They have a thorough understanding of users. • Diversity provides the breadth of knowledge and contacts needed. Benefits of Design Thinking
- 119. Possible Risks of Design Thinking • Research has primarily been done with successful projects • Diverse team can lead to disagreements • Focus on testing everything could delay decision-making
- 120. Summary Design thinking can lead to – – More innovative solutions that better meet users’ needs – Improved collaboration among team members – Lower risk and cost of failure
- 121. “Designers [...] don't try to search for a solution until they have determined the real problem, and even then, instead of solving that problem, they stop to consider a wide range of potential solutions. Only then will they finally converge upon their proposal. This process is called ‘design thinking.’” —Don Norman
- 122. Develop Your Own
- 126. Learning and Giving for Better Indonesia