2. Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
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4. Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Unit 1: Nature of Quantitative
Research
Lesson 1
Qualities of
Quantitative Research
5. Learning
Objectives
ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
At the end of the
lesson, you should
be able to do the
following:
5
● Describe the characteristics of
quantitative research.
● Identify the strengths and weaknesses
of quantitative research.
● Discuss the different kinds of
quantitative research.
● Evaluate topics that can be studied
quantitatively.
5
6. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Nature of Inquiry and Research
Inquiry, a term that is synonymous with the
word 'investigation'. When you inquire or
investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe
or examine something. You do this kind of
examination through your HOTS of inferential,
analytical, critical, creative, and appreciative
thinking to discover more understandable or
meaningful things beyond such object of your
inquiry. 6
7. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Characteristics of Research
Research is a scientific, experimental, or
inductive manner of thinking. Starting
from particular to more complex ideas,
from lower-order to higher-order thinking
strategies: identifying the topic or problem,
gathering data, making theories,
formulating hypotheses, analyzing data,
and drawing conclusions. 7
9. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Quantitative
Research
9
● It is the go-to approach for
scientific inquiry because of its
ability to test hypotheses.
● The basis of formulating and
testing hypotheses are
variables, which are traits that
numerically describe or give
meaning to an object,
phenomenon, or group of
people.
10. Remember
10
Variables are the ones that are
usually identified, examined,
described, or correlated to answer
a scientific inquiry.
17. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Strengths of Quantitative Research
● Analysis of data is assisted with statistical
methods.
● Large-scale research can be undertaken.
● Data can be presented in graphical or
tabular form.
17
18. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
● A large sample size requires a lot of time
and effort.
● Statistical analysis of data requires an
expert to perform.
● Quantifying and reducing observations to
numerical values makes it too simplistic.
18
20. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Types of Quantitative Research
20
Experimental
True experimental
research
Nonexperimental
● Descriptive research
● Comparative
research
● Correlational
research
● Quasi-experimental
research
22. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
True experimental research
The primary objective of a true experimental
research design is to identify a cause-effect
relationship between the variables where
the samples are randomized.
22
23. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
True
experimental
research
23
Example:
To find out if sunlight affects the growth of
plants, we have three setups:
● Set A is to grow a seed that will receive
ample amount of sunlight.
● Set B is a seed that will be placed where
sunlight is limited.
● Set C is a seed that will be placed
completely in the dark.
All of them will be planted in the same type
of soil and will be given equal amounts of
water, and the results will be recorded after
days of observation.
25. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Quasi-experimental research
1. matched comparison - choosing a treatment
group and another group that has similarities with
the treatment group
2. time-series quasi-experimental research - giving
them series of pre-tests and post-tests
3. single-subject quasi-experimental research -
controls treatment and condition applied to just
one individual or a group
25
26. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Quasi-
experimental
research
26
Example:
You wish to know the effect of height on
milk brand preference.
● True experiments would have to
randomly assign respondents to groups
where they would be subjected to taste
tests in order to know which brand they
prefer.
● Because height is an innate
characteristic of a person, respondents
cannot be randomly assigned to groups.
● Instead, group respondents are
assigned groups based on their heights.
28. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Descriptive
Research
28
28
Example:
To identify the factors that contribute to
the spoilage of food, a survey is
conducted to know about food spoilage.
● You can use descriptive statistics
(mean, median, or mode) in the
survey.
● From the result of that survey
conducted, for example, you observed
that the frequency for temperature as
a factor is the highest. This means
that temperature contributes to food
29. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Comparative
Research
29
29
Also called causal-comparative
research, its primary objective is to
compare two variables in order to
identify whether there exists a
causative relationship between
them.
This kind of research usually involves
two or more groups and one
independent variable.
30. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Comparative
Research
30
30
Example:
You want to know if attendance to the
school’s summer program is the cause
of students’ increased class
participation.
● You identified two groups of students
who enrolled in the summer program
and those who did not.
● You collected data on their individual
class participation.
● After analyzing the data, you
concluded that the summer program
helped the students in participating
32. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Correlational
Research
32
32
Example:
You want to know if there is a significant
relationship between the length of sleep and
student productivity.
● Data on length of sleep is based on the
bedtime and waking up time of the
students.
● Data on student productivity is based on
the number of activities being finished
everyday.
● Data analysis shows that the closer the
length of sleep to eight hours, the higher
the number of activities done.
● You concluded that there exists a direct
relationship between the length of sleep
34. ENGAGE
EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Practice
Using Internet resources, list down five
examples of quantitative research papers and
explain why you consider them to be as such.
Base your answers on the characteristics of
quantitative research.
34
35. Tip
35
The word effect is indicative that the research study
aims to understand a cause and effect relationship
attributed to comparative, experimental, or quasi-
experimental research.
The word relationship or correlation is a clue that
the research study is either a comparative or a
correlational study.
39. Wrap Up
39
Quantitative research
deals with numerical values and how
they can describe a phenomenon or
infer a relationship.
Characteristics of quantitative research
include controllability,
generalizability, objectivity, and
replicability.
40. Wrap Up
40
Quantitative research tests hypotheses,
which are based on variables that can
either be independent or dependent.
Quantitative research may be
experimental (true experimental) or
nonexperimental (descriptive,
comparative, correlational, and quasi-
experimental).
41. Bibliography
41
Cohen, Louis, Lawrence Manion, and Keith Morrison. Research Methods in Education 6th Ed. London: Routledge,
2007.
Franses, Philip Hans, and Richard Paap. Quantitative Models in Marketing Research. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
Gillespie, Claire. “How Did Isaac Newton Discover the Laws of Motion?” Sciencing, March 2, 2019.
https://sciencing.com/did-newton-discover-laws-motion-5349637.html.
Querios, Andre, Daniel Faria, and Fernando Almeida. “Strengths and Limitations of Qualitative and
Quantitative Research Methods.” European Journal of Education Studies 3, no. 9 (2017): 369–87. doi:
10.5281/zenodo.887089.
Roni, Mat. Conducting Quantitative Research in Education. Singapore: Springer, 2020.
Trinidad, Jose Eos. Researching Philippine Realities: a Guide to Qualitative, Quantitative, and Humanities Research.
Quezon City: BlueBooks, 2018.
VanderStoep, Scott W., and Deirdre D. Johnston. Research Methods for Everyday Life: Blending Qualitative and
Quantitative Approaches. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2009.
Editor's Notes
#4:GENERAL PARTS of this presentation:
Engage- this is meant to capture the students’ attention, link their prior knowledge to the new topic, and set their expectations about the lesson.
Explore- this is meant to elicit discussion, and encourage students to explore and derive ideas from questions, scenarios, activities, or discussion.
Explain- this is meant for the teacher to use to synthesize students’ ideas from EXPLORE, and to emphasize on the key understandings needed for this lesson.
Extend- this is an optional activity meant for guided practice.
Evaluate- this is a quick check of students’ understanding of the lesson.
Wrap Up- this is a reiteration of the key concepts of the lesson.
#34:Note to teacher: This can be a class activity or a take-home activity. Students may present their answers verbally or in written form.
#36:Answer:
Quantitative research uses large sample sizes which can make the results generalizable to an entire population.
#37:Answer:
Experimental quantitative research includes true experimental and quasi-experimental research. Non-experimental quantitative research includes descriptive, comparative, and correlational research.
