Unit 1 parts of speech
- 1. GARMMAR TOPIC:PARTS OF SPEECH By S R BIRADAR Lecturer@ B.L.D.E.A’s S S M Polytechnic Vijayapur
- 2. In any language, words are the smallest elements with distinctive meanings. Depending on their use and functions, the words in the English language are divided into several parts of speech. There are eight parts of speech in English grammar; noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition and interjection.
- 3. A noun is the name of a place, person or thing. Examples: Reena is a famous singer. Cats are such lovely animals. Noun are further categorized into;
- 4. Proper Nouns, referring to specific names of things, person or place; Chennai, The God of small things, Mahatma Gandhi (They usually begin with capital letters.) Common nouns that are generic names; bus, cinema, soap opera, boy Concrete Nouns, which are nouns that can be perceived and experienced through our senses; book, bed, sand Abstract Nouns which cannot be perceived through our senses; sadness, stubbornness, bravery Count Nouns that can be counted and have singular and plural forms; radio/radios, ox/oxen, pen/pens Mass Nouns including nouns that cannot be counted; water, air, blood Collective Nouns that refer to groups of individuals or things; class, herd, faculty
- 5. A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. It works as a replacement fo a noun. Some commonly used pronouns are, I, mine, you, he, himself, them, theirs, themselves, she, hers, herself, your, yourself, it, itself. We were eager to meet her. It went on without delay. She is a brave soldier.
- 6. A verb is a word which expresses an action or a state of being. My brother lived in Belagavi for five years and speaks Kannada very well. We worked hard for the examinations. Verbs expressing states of being include, am, is, was, are and were. We are ready for the challenge. Mysore is a beautiful city.
- 7. an adverb is a word used to describe (and add something to the meaning of) a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Aishwarya performed extremely well in the debate yesterday. Rasheed looked everywhere. Adverbs can be of four types; Adverbs of manner; bow something is done They retreated gracefully. He quietly remained seated. Adverbs of time; when the actions is done He came yesterday. Radhika finished first. Adverbs of place; where the action is done Mehar came to live there. He has nowhere to go. Adverbs of degree; the intensity of the action/adjective Raghav is extremely talented. They are very worried.
- 8. An adjective is a word which describes (or adds something to the meaning of) a noun. The red rose is a symbol of eternal love. I asked five questions.
- 9. A preposition is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to show how the person or thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else. Our polytechnic is open from 10.00 am to 05.00 pm with a lunch break between 1.00 pm and 2.00 pm. He travelled from mysore to Bangalore by bus and reached Bangalore at 5 o’clock.
- 10. A Conjuction is a word which joins two words or two sentences. Akshata and harshada are sister. I want to have an ice- cream but I have diabetes. Anil was reading when Rekha started playing music.
- 11. A interjection is a word which expresses some sudden feeling or emotion. Bravo! You have done well. Alas! India lost the cricket match.