Unit 1 the universe
- 1. THE UNIVERSE
- 3. GALAXIES •Galaxies are a vast collection of stars, dust and gases. •They appear in groups called galaxy clusters. (Local Group is our galaxy cluster) •Our galaxy is the Milky Way.
- 4. MILKY WAY
- 5. What shape is the Milky Way? Can we see the Milky Way from Earth as it is shown in the image? Why or why not?
- 6. 1. WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE LIKE? Geocentric theory 2nd century B.C. Proposed by Ptolomy. The Earth was the center of the Universe. The Sun, Moon and planets orbited the Earth.
- 7. 1. WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE LIKE? Heliocentric theory In 1542 Proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus The Sun was the center of the Universe
- 11. WHEN DID THE UNIVERSE BEGIN? BIG BANG 17.000 m.y. ago
- 12. IS THERE ANY EVIDENCE?
- 13. 2. HOW BIG IS THE UNIVERSE?
- 14. WHAT UNIT OF MEASUREMENT DO ASTRONOMERS USE? Astronomical unit (AU) is the distance between the Earth and the Sun= 150 million kilometres. Express the distance of Mercury, Mars and Pluto from the Sun in kilometres: Mercury: 0,4 AU = Mars: 1,5 AU= Pluto: 39,4 AU= 0,4 x 150.000.000 = 60.000.000 Km 1,5 x 150.000.000 = 225.000.000 Km 39,4 x 150.000.000 = 5.910.000.000 Km Light year. It is the distance light travels in a year. Light travels 300,000 km per second. This distance is equivalent to roughly 9,461,000,000,000
- 16. 4. WHAT MAKES UP THE SOLAR SYSTEM…?
- 17. SUN It’s a medium-sized star. The Sun consists mainly of two gases: 75% hydrogen (H) and 25% helium (He). Temperature of the nucleus 15.000.000 ºC. So hot inside that it emits heat and light through nuclear fusion. It rotates on its axis in an anticlockwise direction (once every 25-30 days) It was formed when clouds of gases pull together by gravitational forces.
- 18. What is the name of the process that takes place inside the Sun’s nucleus? What happens during this process?
- 20. PLANETS Planets are spherical bodies which revolve around the Sun. They move in elliptical orbits. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are made up mainly of rock. (Rocky planets) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are made up mainly of gases. (Gaseous planets) Rocky planets or inner planets have a crust and a mantle made of rock and a metallic core. Gaseous planets or outer planets are made up mainly of gas.
- 22. WHICH ARE THE INNER PLANETS?
- 23. Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun It is the smallest planet in the Solar System It has no natural satellites. It has no atmosphere There are lots of craters on its surface Huge differences in night and day temperatures (From -170ºC to 480ºC)
- 24. Venus Venus is similar in size to Earth. It has an extremely dense atmosphere which consists mainly of carbon dioxide (CO2). This thick atmosphere makes it the hottest planet of the planetary system, with surface temperatures over 450°C. Venus has no natural satellites. One day in Venus lasts more than one Earth year.
- 25. Earth Earth is the largest and densest of the inner planets It’s the only planet known to have life. Its liquid hydrosphere is unique among the inner planets. (Average surface temperature = 15ºC) Earth's atmosphere has been altered by the presence of life to contain 21% free oxygen. (78% N2) It has one satellite, the Moon.
- 26. Mars Mars is smaller than Earth and Venus. It has a thin atmosphere that contains 95% carbon dioxide, so it’s not breathable. It’s surface resemble the Earth’s rocky deserts. Mars has two tiny natural satellites (Deimos and Phobos).
- 27. WHICH ARE THE OUTER PLANETS?
- 28. Jupiter Jupiter is the largest planet of the Solar System. It is composed largely of hydrogen (90%) and helium (10%). Jupiter has more than 60 known satellites. The four largest satellites are Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa. There are bands of different coloured clouds around the planet, parallel to the equator.
- 29. Saturn Saturn, famous for its extensive ring system made of ice, small rocks and dust particles. Its composition is very similar to Jupiter’s. (97% Hydrogen, 3% Helium) Saturn also has more than 60 known satellites. The largest one is Titan.
- 30. Uranus Uranus is the lightest of the outer planets. It’s a frozen planet, with very low surface temperatures. One unique feature of Uranus is its axial tilt. The planet rotates on its side with a tilt over ninety degrees to the ecliptic. It also has a ring system Uranus has 27 known satellites.
- 31. Neptune Neptune is slightly smaller than Uranus. It has 13 known satellites. The largest one is Triton.
- 34. DWARF PLANETS They are spherical bodies that orbit the Sun. They are smaller than planets. They have not cleared the area in which they orbit. In the Asteroid belt Further than Pluto
- 35. DWARF PLANETS Asteroid belt
- 36. SMALL SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES These are other celestial bodies that orbit the Sun. They include asteroids, comets and satellites.
- 37. Asteroids Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is located the Main Asteroid Belt. Asteroids are rocky bodies that range in size from hundreds of kilometres across to microscopic.
- 38. Comets Comets are composed largely of volatile ices, dust and fragments of rock. When a comet enters the inner Solar System, its proximity to the Sun causes its icy surface to sublimate and ionise, creating a coma, which is a long tail of gas and dust often visible to the naked eye. Short-period comets, such as Halley's Comet, are believed to originate in the Kuiper belt (30- 1.000 A.U. from the Sun), while long-period comets, such as Hale-Bopp, are believed to originate in the Oort cloud (60.000 A.U. from the Sun)
- 39. Satellites or moons They orbit some planets. The Earth’s natural satellite is the Moon.
- 40. Trans neptunian regions: Kuipert belt (30-1000 AU) and Oort cloud (60.000 AU)
- 41. PLAY THESE GAMES http://www.educaplay.com/es/recursoseducativos/102 3849/solar_system.htm http://www.educaplay.com/es/recursoseducativos/102 3852/classify_planets.htm http://www.educaplay.com/es/recursoseducativos/102 3853/which_planet_.htm
- 42. HOW DO THE PLANETS MOVE? http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/ animations/01_EarthSun_E2.html