Unit 1: The earth in the universe
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This document provides an overview of the universe and our solar system. It begins by defining the universe and its components, including galaxies which contain billions of stars, and the Milky Way galaxy that contains our solar system. It then describes our solar system, noting the sun and eight major planets including Earth, and characteristics of each. Smaller objects in our solar system are also outlined such as asteroids, comets, and moons. The document concludes by describing key attributes of Earth like its rotation, translation around the sun which causes seasons, and atmosphere.
Unit 1: The earth in the universe
- 1. UNIT 1: The earth in the universe Professor Ramon Batlle Ciències de la Naturalesa 1r ESO
- 2. 1. The Universe WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE? The universe is all the space and matter that exist. And it has got a lot of components. In this part of the unit we will study this components.
- 3. 1. The Universe WHICH SCIENCE STUDIES THE UNIVERSE? The astronomy studies the universe, its components, its origin and its evolution. WHICH IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROLOGY?
- 4. 1. The Universe COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE A) THE GALAXIES A collection of stars, planets, gas bound together by gravity. Each galaxy may contain only a few hundred thousand stars or thousands of billions of stars. In the universe more than one thousand millions of galaxies.
- 5. 1. The Universe COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE A) THE GALAXIES The galaxy where is situated the solar system and the earth is know as milky way. (Via làctia)
- 6. 1. The Universe COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE B) THE STARS The stars are celestial bodies made by gas, generally hydrogen and helium, which reacts to produce energy and light. H2 He + Energy The stars burn and die, in next slide we can see the evolution of the stars.
- 7. 1. The Universe COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE B) THE STARS
- 9. 1. The Universe COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE C) THE PLANETS The planets are celestial bodies without light and always part of planetary system. They always revolve around a star. MOVEMENT OF THE PLANETS Translation: Around one star. Rotation: Around themselves.
- 10. 1. The Universe COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE D) OTHER COMPONENTS D.1: SATELLITES Celestial body that revolves around a planet; a moon. 3 movements: - Rotation - Translation around the planet, - Translation around the star together with the planet.
- 11. 1. The Universe COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE D) OTHER COMPONENTS D.2: COMETS Comets are small, irregular shaped bodies that are composed primarily of gases. It circles the sun in an orbit. When a comet gets close enough to the sun, the frozen gasses melt and it forms a tail.
- 12. 1. The Universe COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE D) OTHER COMPONENTS D.3: ASTEROIDS Asteroids are small celestial bodies, composed of rock or metals that orbit a star. The larger ones are also known as planetoids.
- 13. 1. The Universe COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE D) OTHER COMPONENTS D.4: METEORITE A stony or metallic mass of matter, that has fallen to a planet surface from outer space. Meteorites are believed to be fragments of comets and asteroids.
- 14. 2. Distances of the Universe
- 15. s. II d.C Ptolomey (Ptolomeu) Geocentric Model s. XVI d.C Copernic: Heliocentric Model s. XVII d.C Kepler Tycho Brahe Galileo Galilei Actual Model 3. The Solar system
- 16. 3. The Solar system
- 17. 3. The Solar system A) THE SUN B) MERCURY Yellow star - 5500ºC – 1400 000 km of diameter 4878 km of diameter T: 250ºC No atmosphere No satellites
- 18. 3. The Solar system C) VENUS D) EARTH 12104 km diameter T: 460 ºC (greenhouse effect) Atmosphere of CO2 No satellites 12756 km of diameter T: 15ºC Atmosphere: N2 and O2 Satellite: 1 – the moon
- 19. 3. The Solar system E) MARS F) JUPITER 6787 km diameter T: -46 ºC (greenhouse effect) Atmosphere of CO2 2 satellites: Fobos and Deimos Composed by gas 143800 km of diameter (the biggest) T: -110ºC 67 Satellites
- 20. 3. The Solar system G) SATURN H) URANUS Composed by gas 120660 km diameter T: -140 ºC Characteristic Ring 62 satellites Composed by gas 52290 km of diameter (the biggest) T: -195ºC It has dark rings 27 Satellites
- 21. 3. The Solar system I) NEPTUNE DWARF PLANETS 49500 km diameter T: -200 ºC (greenhouse effect) Atmosphere of CO2 14 satellites Pluto since 2006 is not a planet
- 22. 3. The Solar system ASTEROID BELT KUIPER BELT Between Mars and Jupiter (Thousands of asteroids) After Neptune Orbit more than 800 celestial bodies observed, such as Pluto.
- 23. 4. The Earth ROTATION The earth as all the planets turns on itself Day and night 1 day= 24 hours = 1 complete revolution
- 24. 4. The Earth TRANSLATION The earth as all the planets revolves around the sun. 1 year= 365 days= 1 complete revolution
- 26. 4. The Earth THE SEASONS Investigation project