UNIT 1.pdf
- 1. Unit -1 INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING PHYSICAL SCIENCE MEANING AND NATURE OF SCIENCE SILPA S. CHUNGATH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE
- 2. “The science of today is the technology of tomorrow.” – -Edward Teller
- 3. The word science comes from the Latin word " Scientia " which means knowledge. The term science is etymologically synonymous with knowledge. It does not imply that all knowledge is science. Science is knowledge acquired in a particular way. So science is truth and search for truth Science is the world of modern age. It is an inseparable part of modern life. What is special about science? Why do we teach science in a school ? Why do we teach them in the name of science? These are the basic questions to be answered by science teachers.
- 4. ● Science is a human activity. ● Human beings are curious by nature. ● The curiosity of man unveils the mysteries of nature. ● With the highly developed mind man can observe precisely, correlate the results of observations meaningfully and predict future happenings logically. ● This ability has helped human beings to intelligently adjust to nature. ● They explore and change the physical world according to their requirement. ● So science is a compound of curiosity , observation and thought.
- 5. Science is viewed by the common man as a body of scientific information. To a scientist, it is the method by which hypotheses are tested. But to a philosopher it is a way of questioning truthfulness of knowledge.
- 6. “To learn science is to do science and there is no other way of learning science”. -Dr. D.S. Kothari “Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge.” -Carl Sagan “Scientists have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest for knowledge.” – -Stephen Hawking DEFINITIONS OF SCIENCE
- 7. Literal sense: ● Science means the pursuit of knowledge ● Science is a heap of truth ● Science is a verb as well as a noun ● Science is a way of Investigation ● Science is a systematic body of knowledge ● Science is the interpretation of the natural phenomenon ● Science is nothing but trained and organised common sense
- 8. THREE FOLD NATURE OF SCIENCE Science is A Body Of Knowledge A Method Of Inquiry, A Way Of Investigation An Attitude Towards Life
- 9. THREE FOLD NATURE OF SCIENCE………………… Science As A Body Of Knowledge Science has been characterized as a body of knowledge obtained by scientists. This body of knowledge includes facts, concepts and theories that are subject to errors and change. Various type of scientific knowledge exist in the form of (a) facts,(b) concepts, principles and laws,(c) hypothesis & (d) theories. Scientifically literate person should be able to discern between that which is supported by evidence and that which is speculative; the person should also be conscious of the ever changing nature of science.
- 10. The idea of Science as a body of accumulated knowledge is true. However Science is dynamic in nature-the changes taking place are both substantial and peripheral. Scientific information is being constantly rearranged and reoriented in the light of latest dynamic development. Thus the dynamic nature of science should be made clear to the students to enable them to use this knowledge in their daily life. A science teacher should stress the dynamic nature of changes that take place. Scientific information is constantly being rearranged in the light of knowledge.
- 11. Having an accurate concept of the nature of scientific knowledge the students develop a positive attitude towards this discipline. Science never proves anything in absolute sense. It accumulates data by observation and measurement.
- 12. Science As A Method Of Inquiry According to Karl Pearson, the scientific method involves the following six step ❏ Identification of the problem. ❏ Gathering observations relevant to the problem on hand. ❏ Statement of hypothesis based on observations gathered.
- 13. ❏ Testable predictions of other related observable phenomena are developed from hypotheses. ❏ The hypothesis is tested through observation. ❏ As a result of empirical observation, the hypothesis is supported rejected and modified
- 14. What is scientific method? The Scientific method is a process with the help of which scientists try to investigate, verify, or construct an accurate and reliable version of any natural phenomena. They are done by creating an objective framework for the purpose of scientific inquiry and analysing the results scientifically to come to a conclusion that either supports or contradicts the observation made at the beginning.
- 15. Science teachers should emphasize to the students that scientists do approach the solution of any specific problem in an organised manner. While the steps defined by Pearson are helpful guidelines in solving a problem, true scientists solve problems with inspiration, imagination and insights.
- 16. Investigation approaches could include exploring and observing, pattern seeking, investigating models, classifying and identifying, and fair testing. Discover a range of scientific approaches – select a label for videos and more information to support your understanding.
- 17. Science As An Attitude Towards Life Science can also be regarded as an attitude of life.The acquisition of a scientific attitude is one of the most important outcomes of science. A person with scientific attitude will have the following characteristics ● Open mindedness ● Objectivity ● Freedom from belief in superstition ● Belief in cause-effect relationship
- 18. ● Accuracy and truthfulness in reporting observations ● Methodical way of solving problems on hand ● Up-to-date address ● Respect for other people's opinion, though you may not agree with them
- 19. ● Ability to distinguish between scientific evidence and scientific proof ● Ability to discern between fact and fiction ● Curious to know more about things around him wants to know what,why and how of things he observes
- 21. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING PHYSICAL SCIENCE IN SCHOOLS ❏ To know about the facts and principles of Physical science and its applications. ❏ To acquire the skills and understand the methods of processes that lead to the generation and validation of scientific knowledge. ❏ To develop a historical and developmental perspective of Physical science. ❏ To relate Physical science education to the environment.
- 22. ❏ To acquire the requisite theoretical knowledge and practical technical skills to enter the world of work. ❏ To nurture the natural curiosity, aesthetic sense, and creativity in science and technology. ❏ To imbibe the values of honesty, integrity, cooperation, concern for life, and preservation of the environment. ❏ To cultivate scientific temper, objectivity, and critical thinking.
- 23. OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING PHYSICAL SCIENCE IN SCHOOLS 1. To develop the power of observation 2. To develop good character 3. To develop a habit of personal, family, and society cleanliness 4. To develop a scientific outlook 5. To develop a practical outlook 6. To develop the skill of manipulation
- 24. IMPLICATIONS OF THE NATURE OF SCIENCE AS SCIENCE TEACHER The science teacher has a challenging job of actively involving her students, so that the nature of science pervades the instruction. Science as a body of knowledge, a way of investigating and as a way of thinking should be stressed in science teaching activities- projects, demonstration assignments and others.
- 25. The teacher should stress the historical and developmental aspects of science as well as the cultural aspects from time to time.
- 26. VALUES AND FUNCTIONS OF TEACHING SCIENCE ➢ INTELLECTUAL FUNCTION ➢ DISCIPLINARY FUNCTION ➢ UTILITARIAN FUNCTION ➢ RECREATIONAL FUNCTION ➢ AESTHETIC VALUE ➢ MORAL VALUE ➢ SOCIAL FUNCTION ➢ CULTURAL FUNCTION
- 27. INTELLECTUAL FUNCTION Intellectual Honesty Unbiased Attitude Systematic And Efficient Solve Problems Sharp Intelligence Logical Thinking
- 28. DISCIPLINARY FUNCTION ❏ Accurate and unbiased observation ❏ clear and vigorous thinking, logical deduction ,exact and accurate observation ❏ willingness to conduct careful and thorough experiments ❏ Intelligent estimation of the reliability of research
- 29. ❏ The classification, evaluation and logical interpretation of data so obtained ❏ Formulation of a clear thinking and reasoning of a hypothesis from sufficient number of search results ❏ The testing of of this hypothesis by further results leading to further advance in knowledge
- 30. UTILITARIAN FUNCTION This is the age of Science and Technology and the role of science in our daily affairs are innumerable. According to Sir Edward Salisbury, science today has come to play an increasingly important part in our everyday life and an appreciation of its significance, of its findings, of its major trends of its proper use of appliances are essential to the welfare of individuals in the present and the human race in future.
- 31. ● We use the applications of science every movement ● The usefulness of science is evident in our daily activities ● The food we eat , the shelter, transport, medicines ,communication learning are possible only through science ● A person becomes a good citizen only when he uses scientific knowledge with wisdom ● Thus science is highly useful in everyday life.
- 32. RECREATIONAL FUNCTION Recreation for refreshing of the body and mind, especially during leisure hours is an important factor in modern life education.
- 33. ❏ Science helps us to be creative with various activities. ❏ It helps us to spend our time effectively with entertainments. ❏ The sports, games and all other recreational means have scientific base. ❏ It provided various hobbies to spend time usefully. ❏ Science motivates us to create good values and attitudes towards leisure.
- 34. The intelligent adjustment to the problems in the use of products of Science and inventions depend upon the extent to which they appreciate the background from which scientific principles come, such as the story of Louis Pasteur and his service to humanity, Edison and the discovery of electrical lamps etc
- 35. ➔ photography, gardening, ➔ radio assembling, ➔ collections of specimens, ➔ bird study, ➔ nature study
- 36. AESTHETIC VALUE Aesthetics of science is the study of beauty and matters of taste within the scientific endeavour. Aesthetic features like simplicity, elegance and symmetry are sources of wonder and awe for many scientists, thus motivating scientific pursuit.
- 37. MORAL VALUE ❏ Science is actually a search for truth. ❏ Truth is the base of all moral principles. Science helps individual to move away from false beliefs, biased observation, wrong judgments and inappropriate decisions. ❏ Science reveals the danger of many fields so that we can protect ourselves from its harms. ❏ Thus science leads us to become morally integrated individuals. Science makes our life systematic and disciplined.
- 38. SOCIAL FUNCTION ➢ Science is of great value to society from the very beginning. ➢ Science has helped a child to become a useful citizen. ➢ Today's society stands on pillars of scientific techniques and knowledge. ➢ All our social activities depend on science.
- 39. ➢ Science has provided easy and effective means of transportation and communication, led to increased agricultural and industrial production, sophisticated medical and space research etc. ➢ With these advancements the society has progressively changed in all dimensions. ➢ Thus, science has been functioning as an instrument for social change.
- 40. CULTURAL FUNCTION ➔ The culture is a product of science. ➔ The developments of culture are due to the advancement in the field of science. ➔ Our beliefs, values attitudes and behaviour determines our culture, but this is decided by the lifestyle we possess.
- 41. ➔ The lifestyle is influenced by the scientific developments. ➔ The dress pattern, the food habits, entertainments, housing, money management etc. are influenced by science and thus it becomes our culture.
- 42. Scientific Aptitude Aptitude is defined as a 'pronounced innate capacity for or ability in a given field such as a particular art, school subject or vocation'. An aptitude refers to an individual's inborn capacities or potentialities which are indicative of some special abilities.
- 43. A natural ability to do specific task something. Aptitudes are natural talents or inclinations for certain types of activities. Right aptitude of a person, in any specific field indicates his ability of having & developing, acquiring skills in that particular field.
- 44. Aptitude is a combination of characteristics indicative of individual's capacity to acquire some specific knowledge, skill or set of organized responses. Aptitude refers to those qualities characterizing person's way of behavior which serve to indicate how well he can learn to meet and solve certain specified kind of problems. ★ Inborn tendencies ★ Future reference and predict degree of attainment ★ Concerned with the present condition
- 45. Scientific aptitude is the inherent ability (in the field of science) which helps in acquiring required skills and proficiency in the field science. The proficiency in scientific process skills, in learning science and hereditary background are some of determinants of scientific aptitude. These characteristics include mental activity, creative abilities, capacities for critical thinking, ability to see relationships, suspended judgement, and open-mindedness.