Unit 2 Synthesis Approaches of nanomaterial.ppt
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This presentation on Unit 2: Synthesis Approaches of Nanomaterials provides a comprehensive overview of the various methods used to create nanomaterials. It covers top-down and bottom-up approaches, including mechanical milling, lithography, sol-gel processing, chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal methods, and biological synthesis. The presentation also discusses the principles behind each technique, advantages, limitations, and real-world applications. Ideal for students, researchers, and professionals looking to understand the fundamental and advanced strategies in nanomaterial synthesis.
Unit 2 Synthesis Approaches of nanomaterial.ppt
- 1. Unit 2 Synthesis Approaches of nanomaterial
- 2. Introduction What are Nanomaterials? Materials with at least one dimension between 1–100 nm. Size comparison: ~5 silicon atoms or ~10 hydrogen atoms = 1 nanometer. Historical Context 4500 years ago: Asbestos nanofibers reinforced ceramics. 4000 years ago: Ancient Egyptians used PbS nanoparticles for hair dye. 4th Century A.D.: Romans crafted the Lycurgus Cup, showcasing color changes due to Ag and Au nanoparticles. Modern Origin 1914: Term “nanometer” introduced by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy. 1959: Richard Feynman’s visionary talk "There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom" proposed atomic/molecular-level engineering.
- 3. A schematic representation of nanomaterials and their applications. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2021/ma/d0ma00807a
- 4. Approaches for the synthesis of nanomaterials DOI: 10.1039/D0MA00807A (Review Article) Mater. Adv., 2021, 2, 1821-1871
- 5. Top-down approaches In top-down approaches, bulk materials are divided to produce nanostructured materials. Top-down methods include mechanical milling, laser ablation, etching, sputtering, and electro-explosion.
- 6. Mechanical milling Mechanical milling is a cost-effective method for producing materials at the nanoscale level from bulk materials. Mechanical milling is an effective method for producing blends of different phases, and it is helpful in the production of nanocomposites.
- 8. Mechanical milling Mechanical milling is used to produce oxide- and carbide- strengthened aluminum alloys, wear-resistant spray coatings, aluminum/nickel/magnesium/copper-based nanoalloys, and many other nanocomposite materials.26 Ball-milled carbon nanomaterials are considered a novel class of nanomaterial, providing the opportunity to satisfy environmental remediation, energy storage, and energy conversion demands.
- 9. Electrospinning Electrospinning is one of the simplest top-down methods for the development of nanostructured materials. It is generally used to produce nanofibers from a wide variety of materials, typically polymers.28 One of the important breakthroughs in electrospinning was coaxial electrospinning. In coaxial electrospinning, the spinneret comprises two coaxial capillaries.
- 10. Electrospinning In these capillaries, two viscous liquids, or a viscous liquid as the shell and a non-viscous liquid as the core, can be used to form core–shell nanoarchitectures in an electric field. Coaxial electrospinning is an effective and simple top-down approach for achieving core–shell ultrathin fibers on a large scale. The lengths of these ultrathin nanomaterials can be extended to several centimeters. This method has been used for the development of core–shell and hollow polymer, inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials.