Unit 3 ecosystems
- 2. 1. Ecosystems A place and the organisms that live in this place form an ecosystem. BIOTOPE Includes all the non- living things in an ecosystem (soil, water, stones…) BIOCOENOSIS Includes all the living things in an ecosystem (plants, animals…) The living things that live in an ecosystem form GROUPS POPULATION It`s a group of animals of the same species that live together COMMUNITY It`s a group of different species that live in the same place
- 3. In an ecosystem, we can classify the relationships between individual organisms. Intraspecific relationships Relationships between individual members of the same species. Interspecific relationships Relationships between individual members of different species.
- 4. 2. Trophic relationships Trophic relationships are the relationship between the organisms that eat and the organisms that are eaten. PRODUCERS: They produce their own food. Ex. Plants. PRIMARY CONSUMERS: They eat plants (herbivores) Ex. caterpillar DECOMPOSERS: They break down dead organisms. Ex. Fungi and SECONDARY CONSUMERS: They eat herbivores (carnivores) Ex. Praying mantis TERTIARY CONSUMERS: They eat carnivores (carnivores) Ex. owl
- 5. Food chain
- 6. 3. The classification of ecosystems TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS - no human activity - the biotope isn`t altered. ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS: - human activity - the biotope is altered. Artificial ecosystems include cities, towns, villages and artificial aquatic ecosystems, such as reservoirs or garden 1. Terrestrial ecosystems 2. Aquatic ecosystems
- 7. Terrestrial ecosystems WOODLAND OR FORESTS TUNDRA GRASSLAND OR PRAIRIE TROPICAL RAINFOREST S COASTS DESERTS
- 9. 4. The biosphere The biosphere is all of the ecosystems on the Earth. It includes the oceans, the land, the atmosphere and all the living things on the planet.
- 10. HABITAT: Is the place where a population lives. In an ecosystem we can find many habitats. Habitats can be aquatic or terrestrial. BIOME: Is a group of ecosystems that have similar geographic and climatic conditions.
- 11. Individual Individual Group of different species Group of animals of the same species Place where a population lives A place and the organisms that live in it All of the ecosystems on the Earth A group of ecosystems.
- 12. 5. Changes to ecosystems Ecosystems change. Sometimes the changes are natural, but sometimes they are caused by human activity. NATURAL CHANGES CHANGES CAUSED BY HUMANS -Seasonal changes - Fires because of hot summers -Pollution -Overfishing -Forest fires -Deforestation