![Reflective teaching is a process where teachers think over their
teaching practices, analyzing how something was taught and how the
practice might be improved or changed for better learning outcomes.
Benefits to reflective practice include:
Increased learning from an experience or situation
Promotion of deep learning
Identification of personal and professional strengths and areas for
improvement
Identification of educational needs
Acquisition of new knowledge and skills
Further understanding of own beliefs, attitudes and values
Encouragement of self-motivation and self-directed learning
Could act as a source of feedback
Possible improvements of personal and clinical confidence
Limitations to reflective practice include:
Not all practitioners may understand the reflective process
May feel uncomfortable challenging and evaluating own practice
Could be time consuming
May have confusion as to which situations/experiences to reflect upon
May not be adequate to resolve clinical problems[41]
What Is Journaling?:
Journaling is a term coined for the practice of keeping a diary or
journal that explores thoughts and feelings surrounding the events of
one’s life. Journaling, as a stress management and self-exploration](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unit3reflectivepractice1-151214162644/85/Unit-3-reflective_practice-1-11-320.jpg)
![Unit 3 reflective_practice[1]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unit3reflectivepractice1-151214162644/85/Unit-3-reflective_practice-1-14-320.jpg)
Unit 3 reflective_practice[1]
- 1. IT ENABLED RESOURCES Instructional Resources or materials are materials which assist teachers to make their lessons explicit to learners. They are used to transmit informations,ideas and notes to learners. Instructional materials include both visual and audio visuals such as videos,You Tube resources,animations,film clippings etc.These materials serve as supplement to the normal processes of instruction.Importent IT resources are as follows: (1)Videos (2)You Tube resources 3)Animations (4)Film clippings Videos Video clips are short clips of video,usually part of a longer video. The term is also more loosly used to mean any short video less than the length of a traditional television program. In video terminology,a clip is a segment of video or media files containing video,audio,graphics or any other content. A clip is defined as having both an in-time and an out-time with in a large video element also called a video clip. Wendy Russell defined,a video clip is a small section of a larger video presentation. A series of video frames are run in succession to produce a short,animated video. This compilation of video frames results in a video clip. YOU TUBE RESOURCES
- 2. You Tube is a video –sharing website ,created by three former paypal employees in February 2005 and owned by Google since late 2006,on which users can upload , view and share videos.The company is based in San Bruno ,California and uses Adobe Flash Video and HTML 5 technology to display a wide variety of user-generated video content ,including video clips , TV clips , and music videos,and amature content such as video blogging short original videos and educational videos.Unregistered users can watch videos and registered.users and upload an unlimited number of videos. ANIMATIONS Animation is the process of creating the illusion of motion and shape change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static image that minimally differ from each other.Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. A simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures or frames. Cartoons on television is one example of animation.Animation on computers is one of the chief ingradients of multi media presentations.Animation can be recorded on either analogue media , such as a flip book , motion picture film, video tape or on digital media , including formats such as animated GIF ,flash animation or digital video. FILM CLIPS A single picture itself is an effective aid , but a sequence of pictures presented continuously has a cumulative effect. That is why a film clip in the form of a motion picture is considered to be a valuable aid.
- 3. They enrich learning by presenting a series or sequences of meaningful experiencing involving motion. They can enlarge or reduce the actual size of objects to suit the need. Processes that are otherwise not possible to be duplicated can also be presented by a film. They have the innate capacity to draw attention , heighten interest and motivation, offer aesthetic experience through dramatization and provide emotional appeal. They can transcend the barriers of time, complexity and space and bring the past , present and probable future into the classroom. CONCEPT MAPPING A concept map is a diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. It is a graphical presentation that designers, engineers, technical writers and others use to organize and structure the knowledge. A concept map typically represents ideas and information as boxes or circle, which it connects with labeled arrows in a downward-branching hierarchical structure. The relationship between concepts can be articulated in linking phrases such as causes, requires, or contributes to. The technique for visualizing these relationships among different concepts is called concept mapping. In a concept map, each word or phrase connects to another and links back to the original idea, word, or phrase. Concept maps are a way to develop logical thinking and study skills by revealing connections and helping students see how individual ideas form a larger whole. The technique of concept mapping was developed by Joseph D Novak and his research team at Cornell University in the 1970s as a means of representing the emerging science knowledge of students. He introduced it as a research tool, showing in a special graphical way the concepts related to a given topic together with their interrelations.
- 4. It has subsequently been used as a tool to increase meaningful learning as well as to represent the expert knowledge of individuals and teams in education, government and business. Concept maps have their origin in the learning movement called constructivism. In particular constructivist hold that learners actively construct knowledge. The method of concept mapping “has been developed specifically to tap into a learner’s cognitive structure and to externalise … what the learner already knows”, according to Ausubel’s statement: “The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly”. Although the primer intention was to use concept mapping in research, it was found this to be also a useful tool in helping students to “learn how to learn Concept maps are used to communicate complex ideas,to stimulate the generation of ideas, and are believed to aid creativity. Concept mapping is also sometimes used for brain-storming. Advantages of concept maps Concept maps have been found to be useful in a variety of applications, in the teaching of the different subjects. • A concept map organizes knowledge into categories and sub- categories so that it can be easily remembered and retrieved. • Concept maps can help to organize information, especially if these concept maps are drawn by the students themselves • Concept maps facilitate meaningful learning, they aid in organizing and understanding new subject matter. • Concept maps are a powerful tool for identifying students’ knowledge structures, especially also misconceptions or alternative conceptions • This helps the teacher to plan effective lessons by taking into account what a learner already knows. A student himself gets
- 5. awareness of his own knowledge organisation. Possibly wrong connections in a student’s knowledge become visible to the teacher and can be corrected by him. • Concept maps may serve as a memory aid. • Concept maps may be used for revision of a topic. At the end of a topic a concept map can be constructed, as repetition and in order to get a lasting and well organized overview of this topic. • Concept maps can be used as design of instructional materials. Limitations • Concept mapping can be used only if one has got familiar with them. • when using concept mapping it has to be calculated that it takes some time to construct a concept map • In spite of their well-structured and ordered contents concept maps may sometimes have a confusing effect. TOPIC : REFLECTIVE STRATEGIES- PORTFOLIO WRITING & PROBLEM SOLVING Introduction Reflective practice is an approach that enables professionals to understand how they use their knowledge in practical situations and hoe them combine action and learning in a more effective way. The concept of reflective practices is now widely employed in the field of teacher education and teacher
- 6. professional development and is the basis for initial teacher education. Reflecting on different approaches to teaching and reshaping the understanding of past and current experiences, will lead to improvement in teaching practice. Reflective teaching is a process where teachers think over their teaching practices, analyzing how something was taught and how the practice might be improved or changed for better learning outcomes. We can use reflection as way to simply learn more about our own practice, improve a certain practice (small groups and cooperative learning, for example) or to focus on a problem students are having. The benefits of reflective practices • A deeper understanding for teachers of their own teaching style. • Greater effectiveness as a teacher. • Validation of the teacher's ideals. • Beneficial challenges to traditional approaches.
- 7. • Recognition of teaching as "artistry". Reflective strategies Portfolio writing & Problem writing PORTFOLIO WRITING Different people prefer different methods of reflection and this choice of activity allows you to develop your reflective practice in a way that helps you to learn from it. Portfolio writing is a popular method of encouraging critical reflection and evaluation of practice. Brock bank and McGill describe the reflective teaching portfolio as: “a compilation of learning intentions, accounts of learning activities, learning outcomes, records of reflective dialogues. It includes evidence from a variety of sources including your private learning journal/diary/log, and most important of all, a reflective document detailing your learning process”.
- 8. EXAMPLE OF PORTFOLIO WRITING PROBLEM SOLVING Problem-solving is the ability to identify and solve problems by applying appropriate skills systematically. This reflective approach to teaching has its roots with John Dewey, one of the most important educational thinkers of this century. Dewey (1933) noted that reflective thinking frees teachers from blindly following classroom routines (textbook instruction) or from impulsive, impromptu classroom planning. For teachers, the reflective view of instruction describes good teaching as a problem-solving approach where the teacher’s classroom experiences, knowledge of content, and understanding of learning theory are considered in order to produce a learning environment unique to the needs of a particular group of learners. This description of the reflective teacher is similar to
- 9. characteristics of the professional teacher. The transmission teacher utilizes a textbook as theprimary tool of instruction; the constructivist teacher uses a variety of instructional tools, including primary sources, the Internet, literature, cooperative learning, inquiry, and community resources, in order to create a classroom environment exciting to students and conducive to learning. The constructivist teacher’s knowledge of the problem-solving process and experience with a particular group of students are the guides for creating instruction, not following a set of instructions from a textbook or deciding what to do on the spur of the moment. The combination of experience and reflection that produces growth and development as a teacher: Experience + Reflection = Growth as a Teacher The process of problem solving begins when a teacher first identifies that a problem exists and moves to the final stage where the solution is reviewed and the teacher decides if the problem has been solved to his or her satisfaction. Conclusion As a result of reflection we may decide to do something in a different way, or we may just decide that what we are doing is the best way. And that is what professional development is all about. Reflective practice is important because it helps teachers make more informed decisions about their teaching decisions that are based on concrete evidence systematically collected over a period of
- 10. time. The relationship between time, experience, and expectations of learning through reflection is an important element of reflection. .Reflecting on what and how we teach assists us in becoming more thoughtful, intentional and effective in our classrooms each day with young children. Reflective practice Reflection is a mental process which, applied to the act of learning, challenges students to use critical thinking to examine presented information, question its validity, and draw conclusions based on the resulting ideas. Reflective practice is the capacity to reflect on action so as to engage in a process of continuous learning. According to one definition it involves "paying critical attention to the practical values and theories which inform everyday actions, by examining practice reflectively and reflexively. Reflective practice can be an important tool in practice-based professional learning settings where people learn from their own professional experiences, rather than from formal learning or knowledge transfer. It may be the most important source of personal professional development and improvement. It is also an important way to bring together theory and practice; through reflection a person is able to see and label forms of thought and theory within the context of his or her work. A person who reflects throughout his or her practice is not just looking back on past actions and events, but is taking a conscious look at emotions, experiences, actions, and responses, and using that information to add to his or her existing knowledge base and reach a higher level of understanding.
- 11. Reflective teaching is a process where teachers think over their teaching practices, analyzing how something was taught and how the practice might be improved or changed for better learning outcomes. Benefits to reflective practice include: Increased learning from an experience or situation Promotion of deep learning Identification of personal and professional strengths and areas for improvement Identification of educational needs Acquisition of new knowledge and skills Further understanding of own beliefs, attitudes and values Encouragement of self-motivation and self-directed learning Could act as a source of feedback Possible improvements of personal and clinical confidence Limitations to reflective practice include: Not all practitioners may understand the reflective process May feel uncomfortable challenging and evaluating own practice Could be time consuming May have confusion as to which situations/experiences to reflect upon May not be adequate to resolve clinical problems[41] What Is Journaling?: Journaling is a term coined for the practice of keeping a diary or journal that explores thoughts and feelings surrounding the events of one’s life. Journaling, as a stress management and self-exploration
- 12. tool, is not the same as simply recording the happenings in one’s life, like keeping a log. To be most helpful, one must write in detail about feelings and cognitions related to stressful events, as one would discuss topics in therapy. What Are The Benefits of Journaling?: • Journaling allows people to clarify their thoughts and feelings, thereby gaining valuable self-knowledge. • It’s also a good problem-solving tool; oftentimes, one can hash out a problem and come up with solutions more easily on paper. • Journaling about traumatic events helps one process them by fully exploring and releasing the emotions involved, and by engaging both hemispheres of the brain in the process, allowing the experience to become fully integrated in one’s mind. • Journaling decreases the symptoms of asthma, arthritis, and other health conditions. • It improves cognitive functioning. • It strengthens the immune system, preventing a host of illnesses. • It counteracts many of the negative effects of stress. • Journaling can help with personal growth and development. By regularly recording your thoughts you will gain insight into your behaviors and moods. • Journaling can be used for stress reduction. It’s been proven to improve mental and physical health. It can lead to increased self-esteem. • Writing in a journal is an effective tool for use in the healing process.
- 13. • Writing has helped to process not only failed relationships but also to recover from grief and loss. • Reading back through my journals has helped to reflect on where I used to be and where I am now in my life. • It’s a method of allowing the light of understanding and compassion to shine on my past. • It helps to improve perspective on life and clarify issues. What Are The Drawbacks to Journaling?: Those with learning disabilities may find it difficult to deal with the act of writing itself. Perfectionists may be so concerned with the readability of their work, their penmanship, or other periphery factors that they can’t focus on the thoughts and emotions they’re trying to access. Others may get tired hands, or be reluctant to relive negative experiences.