Unit 7: World War II PowerPoint [Part 2]

U.S. 4.9 Part 1:
Major Battles of
The War in Europe
Unit 7: World War II (1939-1945)

Describe at least 3 things that you know (or think
you know) about D-Day.
U.S. 4.9.1 Bellringer 3/31/15
YOU MUST WRITE IN COMPLETE SENTENCES!

U.S. 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10
Unit 7: World War II
• Students examine the social, economic, and political struggles
and achievements that led to the United States becoming a world
power from the 1920s until the end of World War II.
• This standard covers Becoming a World Power through World War
II. We cover a total of 10 GLE’s and it totals 29% of the GLE’s on
your EOC Test. You will have 15 questions from this section on the
EOC. This makes up 30% of the EOC. This standard that makes up
the LARGEST PORTION of the EOC.
• Standard 4 will be concluded in this unit.
GLEs
Standard 4
• This lesson will help you prepare for the EOC in U.S. History as well
as the ACT.
• The lesson today will also help you pass the Unit Test (4.6 – 4.10).
Lesson Purpose

U.S. 4.9 Part 1: The War in Europe
• The Battle of the Atlantic
• The Battle of Stalingrad
• North African Campaign
• Operation Torch
• Operation Overlord
• D-Day
• Battle of Midway
• Battle of Okinawa
• Island Hopping Strategy
• Kamikaze Pilots
• Manhattan Project
• Atomic Bombs on Japan
• “Little Boy” on Hiroshima
• “Fat Man” on Nagasaki
Key Terms
Objective
• The students will be able to analyze the major events, turning
points, and key strategic decisions of World War II and explain how
these factors affected the outcome of the war.
• The students will be able to describe the key battles of World War II
in the European Theater and the major leaders/generals of the
war.

• As you recall, we have examined events that brought about
World War II. We’ve also examined why the U.S. entered the war.
• The U.S. helped turn the tide of the war, just as they did in
World War I. The United States was becoming a superpower. In
fact, World War II would legitimize the status of the United States
as a global superpower. This will cause conflict in the years
following World War II all the way through the 1980s in what will
become known as the Cold War.
Making Connections
• You will have a quiz on Section 4.6 and Sections 4.7/4.8. You will
not have a quiz on 4.9 or 4.10, but they will be on the test, which
will assess 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, and 4.10.
• Each quiz has on average 25 multiple choice questions.
• I recommend that you study the EOC Vocabulary the most.
Quizzes and Tests

Timeline: World War II
October 1935 – May 1936: Invasion of Ethiopia1935 – 1936

Major Powers of World War II
Japan
Italy
Germany
and… Hungary, Bulgaria,
and many more
Great Britain
France
United States
Soviet Union*
and… China, Poland, and many
more
Germany Italy Japan Soviet Union France Great Britain U.S.

The War Begins: September 1st, 1939
• On March 15th, 1939, Hitler took over the rest of
Czechoslovakia and then turned his attention to Poland.
• On March 31st, 1939, France and Britain pledged support to
Poland, agreeing to help if Germany invaded.

On August 23rd, 1939, Hitler and Stalin signed a Non-Aggression
Pact in which they agreed not to fight each other. In a second
secret pact, they agreed to divide Poland (as well as other
Eastern European nations) between them. This eliminated the
possibility of a two-front war.

August 23rd, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact1939

• Hitler invaded Poland on September 1st, 1939, and defeated
the country in 3 weeks.
• This was known as the blitzkrieg, or lightning war. It was a fast
and concentrated land and air attack that took enemies by
surprise.

Victim of the bombing of Poland

Survivor of the bombing of Poland

Germany was able to defeat Poland in less than a month for four
major reasons:
1. It was the first time that the blitzkrieg was used, so no one
really knew what to expect.
2. Germany had a more advanced military than Poland.
3. France and Britain were unable to aid Poland in time.
4. Finally, the Soviet Union came to Germany’s aid, and
under the terms of the secret non-aggression pact, seized
eastern Poland.

Destruction in Warsaw

Unit 7: World War II PowerPoint [Part 2]

Because of the attack on Poland, Great Britain and France
declared war on Germany on September 3rd, 1939. World War II
had officially begun.
In your own words…
YOU MUST DO THIS TO GET CREDIT!

August 23rd, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact
September 1st, 1939: Invasion of Poland;
World War II begins
1939

Key Battles of World War II: European Theater
Battle of
Britain
Operation
Torch
(North Africa Campaign)
Battle of
Stalingrad

Key Battles of World War II: European Theater
Battle of the
Bulge
Battle of the
Atlantic
Operation
Overlord
(D-Day)

War on the Western Front
• On April 9th, 1940, Germany invaded Denmark and Norway.
The Phony War was over. Soon the Netherlands, Belgium and
Luxembourg were overrun.
• Fall of France: Germany went around the Maginot Line and
invaded France. The Germans divided the British and the
French troops, forcing the British to retreat to the northern city
of Dunkirk.

• As a result of the British retreat to Dunkirk, 340,000 British troops
were cut off and had to be carried back to England by 900
vessels. This was one of the greatest rescues in the history of
warfare.
• On June 17th, 1940, France surrendered to Germany, leaving
Britain alone to fight. Under the terms of surrender, Germany
occupied the northern three-fifths of France and the entire
Atlantic coast southward to Spain.
Rescue at Dunkirk

Rescue at Dunkirk

• The French government supervised the unoccupied part of
France from the city of Vichy, becoming known as Vichy
France. They used a policy of collaboration (close
cooperation) with Nazi Germany.
• Led by General Charles de Gaulle, the Free French continued
the fight against Nazi Germany in an underground resistance
movement.

World War II begins
1939
May – June 1940: Fall of France1940

Battle of Britain
• The Battle of Britain lasted from the summer of 1940 into the fall
and took place over the skies of Britain.
• In this battle, Hitler launched the greatest air assault the world
had ever seen against London and the rest of Britain.

Battle of Britain
Taking Shelter Underground
During World War II, a
woman slipped and fell at
the top of the stairs of
Bethnal Green tube station
in London. It was being
used as a bomb shelter. The
resulting domino effect
killed 176 people.

Battle of Britain
Aftermath of the Birmingham Blitz

Battle of Britain
Children in a London suburb after a random bombing

Battle of Britain
The RAF (Royal Air Force) was able to hold off the German
Luftwaffe (air force) using radar, leading Hitler to eventually give
up on trying to invade Britain.

Battle of Britain
Winston Churchill was an inspirational leader who encouraged
people to resist the invasion.

World War II begins
1939
May – June 1940: Fall of France
June 1940: _______________________________ begins
July – September 1940: Battle of Britain
1940

Germany allowed the Red
Cross to send care
packages to POWs.
Special Monopoly boxes
were created that
contained items to help the
prisoners escape, including:
• German, French, and
Italian currency hidden
in the Monopoly money.
• A metal file, hidden
within the board.
• A small compass hidden
in a play piece
• Silk maps of the prison
and its location hidden
inside the hotel pieces.
Sneaky Allies!

Battle of the Atlantic
• Hitler ordered submarine attacks off the eastern U.S. coastline.
In total, 681 ships were sunk in the Atlantic during the first seven
months of the war.
• By May 1943, U.S. convoys with naval escorts using sonar
started sinking German u-boats faster than the Germans could
replace them. The U.S., however, began launching cargo ships
fast enough to keep up with their losses.

Battle of the Atlantic
It was the longest naval battle of World War II, lasting almost the
entire length of the war.

Operation Torch (The North Africa Campaign)
In February 1941, Hitler sent General Erwin Rommel (nicknamed
“the Desert Fox” for his shrewd tactics) to reinforce the Italians
fighting in North Africa.

Operation Torch (The North Africa Campaign)
• Rommel threatened British controlled Egypt and the Middle East,
but British General Bernard Law “Monty” Montgomery won a
decisive victory at the Battle of El Alamein. The German army
retreated to the west. The Battle of El Alamein was a turning point
in the North African campaign.
• In February 1943, the inexperienced Americans suffered a major
defeat at Kasserine Pass. They learned from the defeat,
however, and by early May 1943, the last of the German Afrika
Korps surrendered.

World War II begins
1939
June 1940: North Africa Campaign begins
1940

The Fall of Mussolini
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin wanted the Allies to open a second
front in France, but FDR and Churchill felt that they did not have
enough troops to do it. After the Allies gained control of Africa,
their next target would be Italy.

• Shortly after the invasion of Italy, Mussolini was defeated in the
Italian election. As a result, Italian King Victor Emmanuel III
stripped Mussolini of power and arrested him.
• Hitler sent troops to free Mussolini and restore his power. It
would take 18 months to drive the Germans out of Italy.

Finally, on April 28th, 1945, Italian freedom fighters captured
Mussolini. They shot and killed him in Milan Square as he was trying
to escape across the border. His body was then taken to Milan,
where it was hung upside down at a service station for public
viewing and to provide confirmation of his death.

Battle of Stalingrad
• In Mein Kampf, Hitler called for the conquest of the Soviet Union
to give the German people Lebensraum (“living space”).
• Hitler believed Germany needed to be self-sufficient, which
meant that it needed its own sources of food and oil.
• Hitler decided to turn his war machine to the east and seize the
farmland in the Ukraine (part of the Soviet Union).

The intensity of the attack took the Soviet Union by surprise.
Because they had been treated so poorly by Stalin, the Soviet
people welcomed the Germans, whom they thought were there
to liberate them. This feeling ended once the German troops
introduced forced labor and began executing citizens.

World War II begins
1939
1940
June – December 1941: Invasion of the Soviet Union
December 7th, 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor
1941
June 1942: Battle of ______________________
August 1942: Battle of Stalingrad begins
1942

GOOD AFTERNOON, KYLAN!
Grab your notebook and get ready for
your bellringer. If you do not have a
notebook, use loose leaf!
Have your pencil/pen/highlighter
ready. If you need to borrow one, you
must leave your ID.

1. How many flashcards do you have to make?
2. When are flashcards due for seniors?
3. When are flashcards due for juniors and
sophomores?
4. How much is this assignment worth?
5. Come up with AT LEAST TWO of your own
questions about the Flashcard Assignment.

• Stalin had ordered his troops to defend the city at all costs.
Unlike the Germans, the Soviets were well equipped to fight in
the winter weather.
• As the weather grew worse, thousands of wounded, starving
German soldiers froze to death in subzero temperatures.
Throughout the battle, the Soviets offered many chances for
the Germans to surrender. Hitler, unfazed, refused to let his
troops surrender.
There were many instances of
“cannibalism by necessity” during the
Battle of Stalingrad. The Stalingrad
police even formed a special division
to combat cannibalism.
“Surrender is forbidden. The 6th Army will hold
their position to the last man…and by their
heroic endurance will make an unforgettable
contribution toward…the salvation of the
Western World.”

Finally, against Hitler’s commands, the surviving German troops
simply quietly surrendered. The Battle of Stalingrad ended on
January 31st, 1943, ten years and one day after Hitler had come
to power in Germany.

• The Germans were finally defeated at the Battle of Stalingrad,
considered the bloodiest battle in the history of warfare.
• Cost to the Soviet Union: 1,250,000 Soviets were killed.
• Cost to Germany: 240,000 Germans were killed and
91,000 Germans were captured.
German Prisoners of WarDead Soviet Soldiers

• Ten days after the invasion, Stalin broadcast a message to his
people- do not leave anything behind that the enemy could
use. So, as troops retreated, they destroyed everything that
could be useful to the Germans.
• Stalin repeatedly asked the Allies for help. Though he did not
receive it, he did convince them to invade Italy.
Scorched Earth Policy in Russia

The 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment fought during the Battle of
Stalingrad. The regiment, like many of the anti-aircraft units, was
made up almost entirely of young women (volunteers) who were
barely out of high school.

Operation Overlord (The D-Day Invasion)
• Operation Overlord was the code for the invasion of Europe- to
take Europe back from Axis Powers.
• D-Day (Day of Invasion): On June 6th, 1944, the Allies landed on
France’s Normandy coastline with 156,000 troops, 4,000 landing
crafts, 600 warships, and 11,000 planes.

Paratroopers are dropped behind enemy lines

Eisenhower gives the command: “Full victory. Nothing else.”

Within a month, more than 1,000,000 men, 170,000 trucks, and
567,000 tons of supply were landed in France.

Paris was freed on August 23 by French resistance troops (the Free
French), led by General Charles de Gaulle, and American forces.

Celebrating the Freedom of Paris

Celebrating near the Arc de Triomphe

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June 6th, 1944: D-Day (Operation Overlord)
December 1944: Battle of the ______________ begins
December 1944: ________________________________
1944
February 1943: Battle of Stalingrad ends
May 1943: North Africa Campaign ends
1943
1941
June 1942: Battle of ______________________
1942

Battle of the Bulge (Operation Overlord)
• On December 16th, 1944, Hitler launched a counterattack to
seize the Belgian port city of Antwerp.
• This was the last major offensive by the Germans, and would
eventually result in Germany’s full surrender.
General Patton

Germany's goal was to split the British and American Allied line in
half, capture Antwerp, and encircle and destroy four Allied
armies. Hitler hoped to force the Western Allies to negotiate a
peace treaty in the Axis Powers' favor. Once that happened, Hitler
could fully concentrate on the eastern theater of the war.
Hitler and his General Staff review battle plans

During World War II, a group of American
soldiers used fake tanks and pre-recorded
sounds to deceive the Nazis into thinking their
army was bigger than it actually was. They
were called the ‘Ghost Army’. German
soldiers booby trapped paintings and hung
them crooked.

• The Germans smashed into the U.S. army and pushed it back,
forming a bulge in the Allied line and cutting off U.S. units.
• Eisenhower ordered General George S. Patton to the battle.
Patton’s Third Army moved north to help stop the advance.
After a month long battle, the Germans were pushed back with
heavy losses that could not be replaced.
Eisenhower and Patton U.S. Third Army

• Germany was in retreat on all fronts. The Soviets pushed in from
the East; the Allies pushed from the West.
• The Battle of the Bulge was the largest battle fought in Western
Europe during World War II.
• It was also the costliest battle in terms of casualties for the U.S.,
whose forces bore the brunt of the attack, during all of WWII.
A 15 year old German soldier cries
upon being captured by the Allies

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December 1944: Battle of the Bulge begins
December 1944: Korematsu v. United States
1944
1943
1941
June 1942: Battle of ______________________
1942
January 1945: Battle of the Bulge ends
February 1945: _______________ Conference
February – March 1945: Battle of _______________
April – June 1945: Battle of ______________________
1945

The War in Europe Ends
On April 25th, 1945, the Soviets stormed Berlin. The city panicked,
and the German troops fled.
The very first bomb dropped on Berlin by the
Allies killed the only elephant of the Berlin Zoo.

While hiding in his bunker, Hitler married his long-time mistress, Eva
Braun. He also wrote a letter to the German people, blaming the
Jews for starting the war and his generals for losing it.

Hitler and “Blondi”

The Fuhrerbunker
Hitler’s bunker, partially burned by retreating German troops and
stripped of valuables by invading Russians.

Hitler committed suicide on April 30th, 1945, using his
Walther PPK 7.65.
Accounts differ as to the cause of death; one
states that he died by poison only, and another
that he died by a self-inflicted gunshot while biting
down on a cyanide capsule. Contemporary
historians have rejected these accounts as being
either Soviet propaganda. There is also controversy
regarding the authenticity of skull and jaw
fragments. In 2009, American researchers
performed DNA tests on a skull Soviet officials had
long believed to be Hitler's. The tests revealed that
the skull was actually that of a woman.

After Hitler committed suicide, many major Nazi leaders followed.

The world was led to believe that Hitler had died in battle. The
truth of his death would have been too shameful.

Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of Germany (and
the end of the war in Europe) on May 8th, 1945. This date would
become known as V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day).

V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)

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1944
1943
May 8th, 1945: V-E Day
July – August 1945: _______________ Conference
August 8th, 1945: Dropping of _________________
August 11th, 1945: Dropping of _____________
September 2nd, 1945: ________________________
1945

The defeat of the Germans allowed the Americans to no
longer have divided forces (split between fighting the
Germans and the Japanese) and we could focus on
defeating the Japanese in the Pacific Theater.
U.S. 4.9 Part 1: The War in Europe
Future Connections

U.S. 4.9.1 Exit Ticket 4/1/15
1. Why was Germany able to defeat Poland in less than a
month after the German blitzkrieg?
2. How did the British Royal Air Force (RAF) defeat Germany
in the Battle of Britain?
3. What was significant (important) about the Battle of
Stalingrad? Explain briefly.
YOU MUST WRITE
YOUR HEADING
CORRECTLY TO
GET CREDIT!
YOU MUST WRITE
IN COMPLETE
SENTENCES!

GOOD MORNING, DEAVANTE!
must leave your ID.

1. Which general is best known for his
participation in the Battle of the Bulge?
2. What happened in the Bataan Death March?
3. What are kamikazes?
YOU MUST WRITE IN COMPLETE SENTENCES!

U.S. 4.9 Part 2:
Major Battles of
The War in the Pacific

U.S. 4.9 Part 2: The War in the Pacific
• Battle of Midway
• Battle of Okinawa
• Island Hopping Strategy
• Kamikaze Pilots
• Manhattan Project
• Dropping of Atomic Bombs on
Japan
• “Little Boy” on Hiroshima
• “Fat Man” on Nagasaki
Key Terms
Objective
• The students will learn about the major events, turning points, and
key strategic decisions of World War II and how these factors
affected the outcome of the war.
• The students will learn: key battles of World War II in the Pacific
Theater and key leaders/generals of the war.

Island Hopping and the Bataan Death March
General MacArthur and Admiral Chester Nimitz developed the
island-hopping technique, which meant avoiding Japanese
strongholds and instead attacking less protected islands. By
hopping from island to island, the Allies moved closer to the main
Japanese islands, putting themselves in a position to bomb Japan.

The Bataan Peninsula fell in early April 1942. As a result, the
Japanese captured about 76,000 Filipinos and Americans as
prisoners of war. The Japanese split them into groups of 500 to
1,000 and forced them to march 60 miles in the tropical heat to a
railroad junction. They took the train to within 8 miles of an army
camp, then walked the rest of the way.

This ordeal became known as the Bataan Death March. During
the march, the POWs, both American and Filipino, were denied
water and rest and many were beaten and tortured. At least
10,000 prisoners died during the journey. Many were executed by
the guards when they became too weak to keep up.
Many Filipinos risked- and sometimes
lost- their lives to give food and water
to the captives during the March.

The brutality of the Japanese soldiers defied the international
standards of conduct towards POWs in the 3rd Geneva
Convention.

Key Battles of World War II: Pacific Theater
Battle of the
Coral Sea
Battle of
Guadalcanal
Battle of
Leyte Gulf
Battle of
Midway
Battle of
Iwo Jima
Battle of
Okinawa

Battle of the Coral Sea
• The U.S. Navy stopped the Japanese invasion of Australia in the
first sea battle where the opposing ships never saw one another
or fired a shot. All of the fighting in this battle was done by
carrier based planes.
• The Japanese actually won the battle, but they had to
withdraw because of a shortage of fuel. It was the first time the
Japanese had been stopped since Pearl Harbor.

Battle of Guadalcanal
The Battle of Guadalcanal began in August of 1942. By February
1943, the Japanese, badly outnumbered, were forced to
evacuate their remaining 12,000 troops from Guadalcanal. Along
with the naval Battle of Midway, the fighting on Guadalcanal
marked a turning point in favor of the Allies in the Pacific War.

Battle of Guadalcanal
When the United States defeated the Japanese on the island of
Guadalcanal, it became their first victory on land and allowed the
Allies to take the offensive in the Pacific.

Battle of Midway
• The Battle of Midway began in June of 1942. Over 100 Japanese
ships were heading to invade Midway Island, but the U.S. had
broken the naval code. We were waiting for the Japanese.
• The U.S. sank all 4 Japanese aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250
planes. Japan lost some of their most skilled pilots.
• As in the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway was
fought entirely from the air, using carriers based in the Pacific
Ocean.

Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway was significant because it assured America’s
position of naval power in the Pacific Ocean and changed the
course of the war in the South Pacific in favor of the United States.
The U.S. victory also made it easier for the U.S. navy to advance
across the Pacific Ocean.

1944
1943
1941
June 1942: Battle of Midway
1942
1945

Battle of Leyte Gulf and Kamikaze Pilots
The Battle of Leyte Gulf began in October 1944. It is thought to be
the greatest naval battle in history.

Battle of Leyte Gulf and Kamikaze Pilots
This was the first battle in which kamikazes (suicide planes) were
used. Kamikaze pilots loaded their planes with bombs and
crashed them into enemy ships for maximum damage.

Battle of Iwo Jima
• The fighting grew deadlier as U.S. troops moved closer to Japan.
The Battle of Iwo Jima (1945) is considered one of the bloodiest
battles of the war in the Pacific Theater.
• U.S. forces suffered about 25,000 casualties. The Japanese
fought to the end; only 250 were taken prisoner.

Battle of Okinawa
The Battle of Okinawa lasted from April to June of 1945. It was
significant because the island of Okinawa was Japan’s last
defensive outpost, and it was fiercely defended.

1944
1943
February – March 1945: Battle of Iwo Jima
April – June 1945: Battle of Okinawa
August 8th, 1945: Dropping of _________________
August 11th, 1945: Dropping of _____________
September 2nd, 1945: ________________________
1945

The Manhattan Project
• The Manhattan Project was code for the building of the atomic
bomb- one that could destroy an entire city.
• J. Robert Oppenheimer led a team of scientists in a secret lab in
Los Alamos, New Mexico to build the actual bomb.

The Manhattan Project
• The debate turned to the question of whether or not to actually
use the bomb. Some scientists claimed it would be immoral to
use the weapon without warning Japan first. Those in favor of the
bomb claimed it would save American lives and that it needed
to be used in order to justify the cost of building it.
• President Harry S. Truman made the final decision to use the
bomb. He gave Japan one last chance to surrender, or face
utter destruction. Japan refused.
“ATTENTION JAPANESE PEOPLE.
EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.”
“We are in possession of the most
destructive explosive ever devised
by man…we ask that you now
petition the Emperor to end the
war.”

Dropping of Atomic Bombs on Japan
On August 6th, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb (code
named “Little Boy”) on the city of Hiroshima, an important
Japanese military center. 43 seconds later, almost every building
in the city collapsed into dust. In spite of the incredible
destruction, Japanese leaders still refused to surrender.
“Little Boy”

Mushroom clouds after the atomic bombings of
Hiroshima (left) and Nagasaki (right)

Hiroshima before and after the atomic bomb

• On August 9th, 1945, a second bomb (code named “Fat Man”)
was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, leveling half of the city.
• By the end of the year, more than 200,000 Japanese people had
died of injuries and radiation poisoning caused by the atomic
blasts.
Watch stopped at
exactly 8:15 AM“Fat Man”

Mushroom cloud over Nagasaki

Nagasaki before and after

“Shadows” of the Victims

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Emperor Hirohito of Japan surrendered less than a week after the
destruction of Nagasaki. On September 2nd, 1945, officials from
Japan, the United States, and other countries around the world
formally signed the “Japanese Instrument of Surrender.” The war
was finally over.

MacArthur and Nimitz sign the Unconditional Surrender

In the U.S., Victory over Japan Day (V-J Day) is celebrated on
September 2nd, 1945, the day of the official surrender.

Hiroshima Nagasaki Pearl Harbor
70,000 Dead 40,000 Dead 2,400 Dead

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1944
1943
August 8th, 1945: Dropping of Atomic bomb on Hiroshima
August 11th, 1945: Dropping of Atomic bomb on Nagasaki
September 2nd, 1945: V-J Day
1945

War Conferences
Casablanca
Conference
Tehran
Conference
Yalta
Conference
Potsdam
Conference

The Casablanca Conference
• The Casablanca Conference took place in January 1943.
Because it took place in the midst of war, it focused on strategy.
• Churchill and Roosevelt decided to maintain the approach of
dealing with Europe first.
• They also decided that they would accept nothing less than
unconditional surrender from the Axis Powers.

The Tehran Conference
• The Tehran Conference also took place in 1943, and again
focused on strategies. In it, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
decided to open up a second battle front in Europe.
• They decided that the Soviets were to enter into war against
Japan after the defeat of Germany.

The Yalta Conference
The MAIN purpose of the Yalta Conference was to develop plans for
post-war Europe.

• It took place from February 4th – 11th, 1945. The plans included:
1. After Germany surrendered, they were to be disarmed and
the country would be divided into four parts, to be governed
by Great Britain, France, the U.S., and the Soviet Union.
2. They agreed to hold a war crimes trial after the war.
3. The Soviet Union would get concessions in Manchuria for
entering the war against Japan.
4. Plus, the Soviets were to receive 3 seats in the United Nations
General Assembly.

Stalin never fulfilled the promises he made at the Yalta
Conference. In fact, according to critics, Roosevelt and Churchill
did not do enough to prevent the eventual Soviet domination of
Eastern Europe. This set the stage for the Cold War.

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1944
1943
February 1945: Yalta Conference
1945

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The Potsdam Conference and Declaration
• In 1945, Allied leaders gathered at the Potsdam Conference to
decide how to administer punishment to the defeated Nazi
Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine
weeks earlier on May 8th (V-E Day).
• The goals of the conference included establishing post-war
order, peace treaties, and countering the effects of war.

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The Potsdam Conference and Declaration
• They issued the Potsdam Declaration, which had numerous
provisions, including:
1. The unconditional surrender of Japan (or it would face
prompt and utter destruction).
2. The set up of a council to administer Germany.
3. The set up of machinery to negotiate peace treaties.
4. Transfer of German people out of Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, and Poland and into Germany.
5. Stalin’s announcement that there would be no elections in
Eastern Europe.

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1944
1943
February 1945: Yalta Conference
July – August 1945: Potsdam Conference
1945

The Holocaust
During World War II, the Nazis carried out a brutal plan that led to
the deaths of 6 million Jews and other victims, including blacks,
gypsies, and homosexuals. The victims were identified by patches
on their clothing (EX: Jewish Star of David).

The Holocaust
The “Nuremburg Laws” established a pseudo-
scientific basis for racial identification. Only people
with four German grandparents (four white circles in
top row left) were of "German blood". A Jew is
someone who descends from three or four Jewish
grandparents (black circles in top row right). In the
middle stood people of "mixed blood.” Also includes
a list of allowed marriages and forbidden marriages.

The Holocaust
Jews in Europe faced persecution for their religious beliefs for
centuries. In the mid-1800s, a new form of anti-Jewish prejudice
arose based on racial theories. Some claimed Germanic people
called “Aryans” were superior to Middle Eastern people called
Semites. Semitic peoples included Arabs and Jews, but the term
often applied to Jews only.

r
The Holocaust
• Anti-Semitism was a term used to describe the discrimination or
hostility, often violent, directed at the Jews. When Hitler
became Germany’s leader in 1933, he made anti-Semitism the
official policy of the nation.
• The Germans established ghettos in which the Jews were
forced to live. In the Warsaw ghetto, around 400,000 Jews were
confined to an area about 3% of the size of the city. A wall
topped with barbed wire and guarded by Germans
surrounded them.
Starving child in the street of
the Warsaw ghetto

The Holocaust
Jews are forcibly removed from the Warsaw Ghetto
Bodies of Jews who committed suicide by
jumping from a fourth story window rather
than be captured

The Holocaust
At concentration camps, where forced labor was done, Jews
received very little food. Hunger, overcrowding, and a lack of
sanitation brought on diseases.

“Work Makes Freedom,” at Dachau and Auschwitz

The Holocaust
Death camps were different from concentration camps- they
were used for mass murder. Gas chambers, which used poison
gas to kill people, were installed at the death camp in Auschwitz
(located in Western Poland).

Tracks leading to Death Camp at Auschwitz
The Holocaust
Jews would be loaded onto cattle trains and shipped to the
death camps. They were told they were going to The East to work.
At 4 of the 6 death camps, nearly all were murdered shortly after
they arrived.

The Holocaust
Hungarian Jews are selected for the gas chambers
“Their possessions were seized by the Nazis to help fund the war. They
were then herded naked into the gas chambers. Usually they were
told these were showers. To avoid creating panic, they were
sometimes given a small piece of soap and a towel and were told to
remember where they had put their belongings. When they asked for
water, they were told to hurry up, because coffee was waiting for
them in the camp and it was getting cold.”

Auschwitz Gas Chamber
“Once the chamber was full, the doors were screwed shut and
pellets of Zyklon-B were dropped into the chambers, releasing toxic
cyanide. Those inside died within 20 minutes, but it is estimated that
about one-third of the victims died immediately.”
According to a witness, “Shouting and screaming of the victims
could be heard through the opening and it was clear that they
fought for their lives.” When they were removed, the victims were
found half-squatting, their skin colored pink with red and green spots,
some foaming at the mouth or bleeding from the ears.

The Holocaust
Used
Zyklon B Containers
Hair from the head of Jews;
This was used in mattresses
“The gas was then pumped out, the bodies were removed, gold
fillings in their teeth were extracted with pliers by dentist prisoners,
and women's hair was cut.”

The Holocaust
The Germans would salvage any article of value from the victims,
including jewelry or gold fillings from their teeth.
Wedding rings stolen
from Jews Gold teeth
Shoes

The Holocaust
Executions of Jews by German army mobile killing units
On the right, Jews are forced to dig their own graves before
being executed.

The Holocaust
Up to 581,000 Yugoslav civilians were killed during World War II in
Yugoslavia. German forces, under express orders from Hitler, fought
with a special vengeance against the Serbs, who were considered
Untermensch (sub-human). Above, a German saws off the head of
Branko Jungić, an ethnic Serb from Bosnia.

The Holocaust
Genetic experiments were common, especially on twins.

GOOD AFTERNOON, MARLEY!
must leave your ID.

The Holocaust

The Nuremburg Trials
In November 1945, at the Nuremburg Trials, Nazi leaders were put
on trial for crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and
war crimes.
Hermann Goring, far left,
was considered the most
important Nazi official
after Hitler’s suicide.

An International Military Tribunal was composed of members
selected by the U.S., Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and France.
The tribunal gave 12 of the 24 defendants the death sentence.
Hermann Goring killed
himself the day before
he was supposed to be
executed.

Most importantly, the Nuremburg Trials established the principle that
individuals are responsible for their own actions. The tribunal
rejected the idea that they were only “following orders.”
Hitler and Goring

• The defeat genocide of European Jews during World War
II would not be the last genocide of the 20th Century. We
would see a genocide in Rwanda and the Sudan in the
1990s.
• Regarding the concept of “following orders” –this
concept was rejected at Nuremburg as those responsible
were held accountable for their actions.
U.S. 4.9 Part 2: The War in the Pacific
Future Connections

1. What military strategy did the United States employ
against the Japanese in the Pacific Theater? Explain.
2. What was significant about the Potsdam Conference?
Briefly explain.
3. Examine the American decision to use the atomic bomb
against Japan. Write whether you support or oppose this
decision. Give reasons to support your response.
YOU MUST WRITE
YOUR HEADING
CORRECTLY TO
GET CREDIT!
YOU MUST WRITE
IN COMPLETE
SENTENCES!

U.S. 4.10:
Major Leaders of WWII

U.S. 4.10: Political and Military Leaders of WWII
• Atlantic Charter
• The Big Three
• Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Winston Churchill
• Joseph Stalin
• General Dwight David
Eisenhower
• General Douglas MacArthur
• Admiral Chester A. Nimitz
• Harry S. Truman
• The Founding of the United
Nations
Key Terms
Objective
• The students will learn how key political and military leaders
affected the outcome of World War II and led to the beginning of
the Cold War.
• The students will learn about the founding of the United Nations
and its purpose.

• As you recall, with the end of the war, much of Europe will be
devastated from the war, so now the Allies and the Big Three
must work out the peace for the post war world.
• We will see also that military leaders from World War II would
play an important role in United States politics as we will
eventually see General Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) elected
President of the United States.
Making Connections
• You will have a quiz on Section 4.6 and Sections 4.7/4.8. You will
not have a quiz on 4.9 or 4.10, but they will be on the test, which
will assess 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, and 4.10.
• Each quiz has on average 25 multiple choice questions.
• I recommend that you study the EOC Vocabulary the most.
Quizzes and Tests

Major Leaders of World War II
• Adolf Hitler
• Nazi Dictator of Germany
• Anti-Semitic and Fascist
• Known as Der Furher
• Holocaust

• Hideki Tojo
• Japanese Prime Minister
• Attack on Pearl Harbor
• Brought U.S. into WWII

• Benito Mussolini
• Fascist Dictator of Italy
• Known as El Duce
• Invasion of Ethiopia

• Emperor Hirohito
• Emperor of Japan
• Leader during atomic
bombs on Japan
• “Unconditional Surrender”

• Heinrich Himmler
• Commander of SS and Gestapo
• Oversaw Jewish
concentration camps
• Held responsible for Holocaust

• Franklin D. Roosevelt
• 32nd U.S. President
• Attempted neutrality

Hemmings <3 FDR
With his dog, Fala

• Harry S. Truman
• 33rd U.S. President
• Only use of atomic bomb

• Dwight D. Eisenhower
• 34th U.S. President
• Commander for D-Day

• Joseph Stalin
• Premier of USSR
• Dictator who killed millions

• Winston Churchill
• British Prime Minister
• Anti-Appeasement
The photographer who
took this actually took
the cigar right out of
Churchill’s mouth- hence
the grumpy look.

Hemmings <3 Churchill
With his daughter, Mary With his dog, Rufus II

• Charles de Gaulle
• Leader of “Free French”
• President of France after war

• General Douglas MacArthur
• Commander in Pacific
• Oversaw occupation of Japan

• Admiral Chester Nimitz
• U.S. Navy Admiral
• In command after Pearl Harbor

• General George Patton
• General who led 3rd U.S.
Army at Battle of the Bulge

• General George C. Marshall
• U.S. General known as
“Organizer of Victory”
• Secretary of State, Defense

The Atlantic Charter
• In August 1941, Churchill and FDR met in Washington to decide
how to conduct the war and decided the war in Europe- the
defeat of Germany- was the top priority.
• The Atlantic Charter contained the terms agreed to by the U.S.
and Great Britain to govern war behavior and define their aims.
It was the basis of the United Nations.
• One other key provision of the Atlantic Charter was that
Roosevelt and Churchill agreed that neither the U.S. nor Great
Britain would seek territorial gain after WWII.

The Big Three
• The Big Three played a key role in deciding the post war future
in Europe.
1. Winston Churchill: Prime Minister of Great Britain
2. Franklin D. Roosevelt: President of the United States
3. Joseph Stalin: Premier of the Soviet Union

General Dwight D. Eisenhower
• General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the Supreme Allied
Commander and General in the U.S Army.
• “Ike” planned many of the operations and battles of the war.
He had a reputation for being organized, and was able to
manage the different personalities of the Soviet Union and
Great Britain, without offending our allies.

He would later be elected the 34th President of the United States.

Eisenhower and “Telek” With his wife, Mamie

General Douglas MacArthur
• General Douglas MacArthur played an important role in the war
in the War in the Pacific (against Japan).
• He was Commander of the U.S. Armed Forces in the Far East
prior to the attack at Pearl Harbor.
• He was forced to flee the Philippines as the Japanese were
invading. He vowed to return and later fulfilled that promise.
“I have returned…”

• It was MacArthur who accepted the Japanese surrender on
the U.S.S. Missouri.
• MacArthur oversaw the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951.
As the effective ruler of Japan, he oversaw sweeping
economic, political and social changes.
With Hirohito War crimes trials in Japan

Mary Pinkney Hardy MacArthur

Admiral Chester Nimitz
• 10 days after Pearl Harbor (December 7th, 1941) Admiral Nimitz
was selected as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet.
• Nimitz took command in a ceremony on the top deck of the
submarine USS Grayling. The change of command ceremony
would normally have taken place aboard a battleship, but
every such ship in Pearl Harbor had been either sunk or
damaged in the attack.

Admiral Chester Nimitz
• Assuming command at the most critical period of the war in the
Pacific, Admiral Nimitz, despite the shortage of ships, planes
and supplies, successfully organized his forces to halt the
Japanese advance.
• As Chief of Naval Operations, Nimitz brought the Navy into the
new Cold War defense establishment.

President Harry S. Truman
Harry Truman became president upon the death of FDR. Although
he did not know of the existence of the Manhattan Project itself, it
was Truman’s decision to drop the bomb on Japan.

President Harry S. Truman
Truman’s decision led to the deaths of thousands of Japanese
citizens. However, his primary reason for dropping the bomb was
to save the lives of thousands of Americans who would have died
in an invasion of Japan.

Hemmings has decided she loves Truman too

Founding of the United Nations (UN)
• The United Nations (UN) was founded on October 24th, 1945,
due to the recognition that mankind could not afford a third
world war.
• The UN’s statement of principles was based on the belief that an
international peacekeeping organization could settle disputes
without resorting to warfare.
• The primary inspiration for the creation of the United Nations
was the failure of the League of Nations. It was formed on the
basis of the principles of the Atlantic Charter of World War II.

Postwar Order
Following World War II, the U.S. and the Soviet Union emerged as
the two global superpowers. This happened because the other
nations of great power were severely weakened by the disasters
of war.

Postwar Order
• The U.S. and the Soviet Union would go from being allies during
World War II to being enemies almost immediately after the
conclusion of World War II.
• Largely because of the development of the atomic bomb, the
United States and the Soviet Union became engaged in a long-
term standoff known as the Cold War, which would last from the
end of World War II until the 1990s.

Postwar Order
The Cold War would be fought not with bullets, but with
ideologies. One of the areas where this would play out would be
in Eastern Europe, where the largest concentration of communist
countries would be located.
Consider the position of the Soviet
Union throughout World War II. Why
might Stalin have extended its
influence over the rest of Eastern
Europe after the war?

World War II begins
1939
1940
1941
June 1942: Battle of Midway
1942

• With the end of World War II, our “Ally” the Soviet Union
will quickly become the enemy in a new kind of war. This
will be a war not of bullets and battles but of ideology
and political philosophy. This will be known as the Cold
War and would last from the end of World War II until it
finally came to an end in 1991.
• We will quickly see that the Soviet Union will work towards
building their own atomic bomb which will usher in the
nuclear arms race. We will also see the U.S.A. and the
U.S.S.R. enter into the space race.
U.S. 4.10: Major Leaders of World War II
Future Connections

U.S. 4.10 Exit Ticket 4/8/15
U.S. 4.10 Exit Ticket 4/8/15
YOU MUST WRITE
YOUR HEADING
CORRECTLY TO
GET CREDIT!
YOU MUST WRITE
IN COMPLETE
SENTENCES!
1. Who were the “Big Three”?
2. What was the MAIN reason Truman decided to use the
atomic bomb on Japan?
3. Why were Generals Eisenhower and MacArthur
important people in World War II? Explain briefly.

Unit 7: World War II PowerPoint [Part 2]

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Unit 7: World War II PowerPoint [Part 2]