Unit 9: A Time Of Upheaval PowerPoint [Part 1]

GOOD AFTERNOON, GUYS!
Turn your FLASHCARDS in at the black
table in the front.
Grab your notebook and get ready for
your bellringer. If you do not have a
notebook, use loose leaf!
Have your pencil/pen/highlighter
ready. If you need to borrow one, you
must leave your ID.

U.S. 5.3
Post-War Social Movements
Unit 9: A Time of Upheaval

How do you think a presidential
assassination can affect a nation? Explain.
U.S. 5.3 Bellringer 4/22/15
YOU MUST WRITE IN COMPLETE SENTENCES!

U.S. 5.3, 5.4
• Standard 5: This standard covers the Cold War Era. We
cover a total of 5 GLE’s and it totals 14% of the GLE’s on your
EOC Test. You will have 7 questions from this section on the
EOC. This makes up 14% of the EOC.
• Standard 5 will be covered in this unit as well as some
included in the next unit.
GLEs
Standard 5
• This lesson will help you as you prepare for the EOC in U.S.
History as well as the ACT.
• Today’s lesson will help you pass the 5.3 Quiz.
• The lesson today will help you pass the Unit Test 5.3, 5.4, & 5.5
Lesson Purpose

• During the Cold War, the U.S. was dealing with change at
home. In 1963 we see President Kennedy assassinated
and Vice President Johnson take office.
• We see the Civil Rights Movement begin to heat up. In
addition, we see other groups of people looking for their
rights as well. All in all, this was a time of upheaval.
Making Connections
• This unit is divided into 3 GLE’s (5.3, 5.4, and 5.5).
• We will have 2 quizzes (possibly?) on 5.3 and 5.4.
• Standard 5.5 will be on the Unit test only.
Unit Organization

U.S. 5.3: Post-War Social Movements
• Baby Boomers
• G.I. Bill
• Counterculture
• Great Society Programs
• War on Poverty
• Medicaid
• Medicare
• Education
• Dept. of Housing and
Urban Development
• Students for a Democratic
Society (SDS)
• Kent State
• Jackson State
• Women’s Rights Movement
• Betty Friedan
• Equal Rights Amendment
• National Organization for
Women (NOW)
• Opposition to Women’s Rights
Movement
• Environmental Movement
• American Indian Movement
• Cesar Chavez
Key Terms
Objective
Students will be able to explain how post-war social movements
caused change by analyzing the methods used by the leaders,
the effectiveness of legislation, and the impact of key events.
Objective

The Kennedy Assassination
On November 22nd, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was
assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald as he rode through the
streets of Dallas. Lyndon B. Johnson became president upon
Kennedy’s death.

The Kennedy Assassination
Many people believe there was a conspiracy surrounding the
assassination of President Kennedy. The Warren Commission
declared that the assassination was the act of one man, Lee
Harvey Oswald, and that he acted alone.
In your own words…
YOU MUST DO THIS TO GET CREDIT!

Baby Boomers
• The Baby Boom (1946 – 1964) was a time when the U.S. saw a
sudden rise in the birth rate. This occurred due to:
• Reunion of families after World War II
• Desirability of large families
• Decreasing marriage age
• Advances in medicine
• Improving economy

Baby Boomers
As “Baby Boomers” (those people born immediately following
World War II) were entering adulthood, they became politically
active. Generally, the Baby Boomers rejected the traditional
values of the prior generation (their parents, etc.) and became
part of the political activism that developed during the 1960s.

G.I. Bill of Rights
• The G.I. Bill of Rights (A.K.A. the Servicemen’s Readjustment
Act of 1944) encouraged veterans to get an education by
paying part of their tuition, providing unemployment benefits,
and offering low-interest loans.
• Thanks to the G.I. Bill, college graduation rates increased
dramatically.

The Great Society
• The Great Society was a series of legislative initiatives that
continued into Johnson’s second term. These programs
included poverty relief, education aid, healthcare, voting
rights, conservation/beautification projects, urban renewal,
and economic development. The problem that Johnson’s
Great Society addressed MOST DIRECTLY was poverty.
• Johnson believed in expanding the government's role in
education and health care in order to reduce poverty.

The Great Society
• At LBJ’s urging, Congress passed the following as part of the
Great Society:
• Civil Rights Acts
• Immigration Act 1965
• Aid to public education
• Medical Care Act (Medicare) to people 65+
• Medical Aid Act (Medicaid) to welfare recipients
• National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act

The Great Society
Critics of the Great Society complained that the programs gave
the federal government too much power.

Great Society Programs: Social Security Act of 1965
• Two Major Parts of the Social Security Act: Medicaid and
Medicare.
• Medicaid was created under the Social Security Act of 1965. It
allowed disadvantages Americans to receive medical care
through welfare benefits.
• Each state administers its own Medicaid program, while
the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
(CMS) monitor the state-run programs.

Great Society Programs: Social Security Act of 1965
The Social Security Act of 1965 also created Medicare, which
provided federal funding for the medical costs of Americans 65
or older.

Great Society Programs
To improve education in the United States, the Johnson
administration pushed for the passage of the Elementary and
Secondary Education Act of 1965, which created the Head Start
program. Head Start provides comprehensive education,
health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income
children and their families.

Great Society Programs
• The Department of Housing and Urban Development mission is
to create strong, sustainable, inclusive communities and
quality affordable homes (or rental homes) for all.
• The Immigration Act of 1965 eliminated quotas restricting
immigration from certain countries. Rather, it put a limit of
20,000 immigrants per year from any single country outside of
the Western Hemisphere.

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
• Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was organized with
help from civil rights activists. They criticized the government
for failing to achieve international peace and critiqued Cold
War foreign policy.
• The SDS was a tiny organization at first, but it still had a major
influence on the development of a new political movement
that became known as the New Left.

• Students were among the first to protest the Vietnam War.
Some opposed what they called American Imperialism.
Others saw the conflict as a civil war that should be resolved
by the Vietnamese alone.
• The SDS used demonstrations, speeches, and sit-ins to protest
both the Vietnam War and the use of the draft.

Some members of the SDS would eventually break away to form
the Weathermen faction, a group that used radical methods
(i.e. street confrontations and bombings) to send their message
to the public. Though the Weathermen were separate from the
original SDS, the SDS as a whole became associated with radical
beliefs due to the Weathermen’s actions.

The primary focus of the protest movement of the 1960s was to
demand the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam.

Democratic Party Convention of 1968
• In 1968, President Johnson shocked America when he
announced that he would not run for reelection.
• The Democratic Party Convention became notorious for the
large number of demonstrators and the use of force by the
Chicago police. The disturbances were well publicized by the
mass media.

Democratic Party Convention of 1968
• At the convention in Chicago, police officers clashed with
anti-war protesters on the streets all around the city. Inside the
convention, opponents of the Vietnam War tried, without
success, to get the party to adopt an anti-war platform.
• Hubert H. Humphrey, LBJ’s vice president, won the
nomination, but lost the election to Richard M. Nixon, a
Republican who promised to restore order at home and who
said he had a "secret plan" to end the war in Vietnam.

Anti-War Protests: Kent State and Jackson State
Kent State: On May 4th, 1970, tensions grew between student
protestors and the National Guard troops sent to monitor their
behavior.

When the students began protesting and throwing rocks at the
guardsmen, the guardsmen fired on the crowd, killing four
people. Two had not even participated in the rally.

Jackson State: On May 14th, 1970, youth at Jackson State
College (now Jackson State University) in Mississippi took to the
streets in order to protest the killings at Kent State, the United
States’ involvement in the Vietnam War, and their continual
harassment at the hands of the local population.

• Police and state troopers were sent to to dispel the students.
The crowd of only 100 students used bricks and rocks to fight
back against nightsticks, bayonets and tear gas. Authorities
later fired on the crowd. Two students were killed and many
more were wounded. One student was behind the police line,
meaning that an officer must have turned around to kill him.
• Even as students lay bleeding to death, the police refused to
allow ambulances to be called until they had carefully picked
up shell casings that could be used as evidence against them.

Jackson State

Counterculture
In the 1960s, as the Baby Boomers came of age, a youth based
culture that promoted freedom and individuality began to
blossom. The counterculture, made up of mostly middle-class
white youths, rejected restrictions and challenged authority.

Counterculture
The counterculture’s new attitudes shocked many Americans,
but ultimately changed American society. Members of
the counterculture experimented with new styles of dress and
music, freer attitudes towards sexual relationships, and the
recreational use of drugs.

Counterculture
Some youths joined communes, which were group living
arrangements that used collective decision making. Although
communes were thought of as mostly harmless at first, in later
years, incidents like the mass suicide at Jonestown and the
murders carried out by the so-called “Manson Family” would cast
communes in a negative light.

Counterculture
Perhaps most significantly, the counterculture had a major role in
encouraging social criticism, freedom of expression, and a
rebellious attitude that characterizes American youth even
today.

If you could walk outside and protest against
one thing right now, what would it
be? Why?
U.S. 5.3 Bellringer 4/24/15
YOU MUST WRITE IN COMPLETE SENTENCES!

Timeline: Cold War
___________________________ decision
Vietnam divided into North and South
1954
______________________________ arrested
______________________________ Riot
1955
1957
New Orleans ______________________________1960
________________________________________ first
African American student at University of Mississippi
1962
1963
________________________ Race Riots1964
Social Security Act (Medicare/Medicaid)
1965
USSR Sputnik launched
______________________________
John F. Kennedy assassinated
March on __________________________________

Timeline: Cold War
Democratic Party Convention
_________________________________ assassinated
1968
Kent State Shootings
Jackson State Shootings
1970

Women’s Rights Movement
• The Women’s Rights Movement (1960s – 1980s), was dedicated
to ending discrimination based on gender. It found inspiration
in the civil rights movement and other activist causes.
• Feminism is the belief that women are/should be economically,
politically, and socially equal with men.

One source of the renewed women’s movement of the 1960s was
women’s frustration with various forms of job discrimination.
Women were paid less than men doing the same job and were
rarely promoted to management positions, even with the right
education, experience, and ability.

• As a result of their experiences in the civil rights movement,
many women learned to take advantage of legal tools.
• One example of changing attitudes brought about by the
women’s movement was a significant change in women’s
career goals.

Beliefs/Goals of the Women’s Rights Movement:
Equal pay, equality in education, availability of abortion,
removing sexist terms from the English language, and ending
gender discrimination.

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was originally authored and
introduced by suffrage leader Alice Paul in 1923, but it failed to be
ratified. In 1972, the ERA was once again passed through
Congress, and once again, it failed to be ratified by enough states
to make it law.

In her book entitled “The Feminine Mystique,” Betty Friedan
explored gender equality and other women’s issues. The book
appealed to many women, causing a renewed interest in the
feminist movement.

In 1966, Betty Friedan created the National Organization of
Women (NOW) to actively fight for women’s goals. Within three
years, the National Organization of Women’s membership jumped
to 175,000 members. It began to push for more child care centers,
educational opportunities for women, a ban on gender
discrimination in hiring, and the opening of traditionally male-only
jobs to women.

• In 1973 the Supreme Court ruling in Roe v. Wade supported a
woman’s right to have an abortion during the first three months
of pregnancy, thereby legalizing abortion for women.
• Gloria Steinem was a journalist who, along with others, founded
Ms. Magazine to explore feminist issues.

Opposition to the Women’s Rights Movement
• Many women rejected the women’s rights movement because
they preferred the traditional roles of women as mothers, wives,
and caretakers.
• In fact, some women who preferred the more traditional roles
of homemaking felt undervalued by the women’s movement,
disapproved of the feminists’ goals, and opposed the Equal
Rights Amendment.
• Phyllis Schlafley became well known for her efforts to defeat the
Equal Rights Amendment.

Environmental Movement
• Environmental conditions in the 1960s combined with a renewed
interest in activism to create movements for preserving the
environment and for ensuring the safety of consumer products.
• The book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson exposed the harmful
effects of chemicals, such as DDT.
• The book is said to be the one that started the environmental
movement. A major theme of Silent Spring was that humans
are part of nature, and all parts of nature interact. It’s the
circle of life…

• Nuclear power plants were considered to be better than coal
burning plants, but, nuclear power plants posed a threat
because they released radioactivity into the air.
• The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), created in 1974,
tried to address the fears of radioactivity. Its chief goal was to
ensure that nuclear power plants and facilities were operated
safely.

Earth Day was established, to be celebrated on April 22nd of
each year. (Established in 1970)

Environmental activists spurred the government to create the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

One of the EPA’s early responsibilities was to enforce the Clean Air
Act, passed by Congress in 1970 in response to public concerns
about air pollution, particularly from car emissions. The EPA
gained more responsibilities in 1972 when Congress passed the
Clean Water Act to regulate the discharge of waste water.

American Indian Movement
• The goals of the American Indian Movement (AIM) were:
• Restoration of lands illegally taken
• Autonomy (self-government) for Native Americans)
• Control of natural resources

American Indian Movement
Native Americans have been fighting to get land back based on
treaties with the United States government. By focusing on the
right to self-determination, they have had some success.

Latino/Chicano Movement
The Chicano Movement encompassed a broad cross section of
goals/issues, including restoration of land grants, farm workers'
rights, enhanced education, voting and political rights, and
emerging awareness of collective history.

• Latinos/Chicanos include people from several different areas,
including Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic,
other Central American and South American countries. They
speak the same language and share some elements of culture.
• Latinos faced prejudice and discrimination in many areas, and
many lived in poverty.

• In the 1960s, Cesar Chavez fought discrimination in jobs,
education, and in legal matters. Chavez was the best known
Latino American civil rights activist.
• Cesar Chavez first gained prominence when he started a union
for migrant farm workers. The United Farm Workers (UFW) tried to
get better pay and better working conditions in for its members.

• One successful strategy used by Chavez was a national boycott
of grapes to try to achieve his goals. This event was MOST
RESPONSIBLE for Chavez’s group gaining negotiating power.
• Latino political interests were represented in organizations such
as La Raza Unida (United People Party). In the 1970s, it started to
run candidates in local elections. Its goal was to have Latinos get
elected to public office.

Future Connections
• As we all know, African Americans had to fight for their rights,
which should not have been necessary. As Americans, we are
all entitled to the same rights, freedoms, and liberties. As we
just saw, the struggle was not just limited to African Americans-
Latinos, women, and Native Americans were all fighting for
more rights and the protection of the rights they already had.
• For African Americans, the fight would prove to be quite
difficult. As we examine the leaders of the time, you will learn
that many of them had differing opinions on HOW to achieve
their goals. These opinions varied from totally separating black
and white societies to civil disobedience. Some leaders
advocated violence while others were non violent. In our look
at the Civil Rights movement, we will examine all options and
attitudes and determine which methods proved to be most
effective and least effective.

Unit 9: A Time Of Upheaval PowerPoint [Part 1]

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