UNIT IX OXYGENATION (1).pptx for bSN students help presentation and also for Class work
- 1. 1 OXYGENATION: RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM SIR SAQIB HUSSAIN RN,DIPCARD-POST RN BSN SHED INSTITUTE OF NURSING & ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
- 2. 2 OBJECTIVES: • Identify factors that can interfere with effective oxygenation of body tissues. • Describe common manifestations of altered respiratory and cardio vascular function. • Discuss life span-related changes and problems in respiratory function and cardiovascular system. • Describe nursing measures to ensure a patient airway. • Apply Nursing process and teaching plan for a client with altered respiratory function and cardiovascular function. • Recognize the emergencies related to respiratory and cardiovascular system. • Explain ways that caregivers can decrease the exposure of clients to infection. • Differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis.
- 3. 3 OXYGENATION: Oxygenation is the delivery of oxygen to the body tissues and cells. Oxygen a clear, odourless gas that constitutes approximately 21% of the air we breath, is necessary for proper functioning of all living cells. PHYSIOLOGY OF OXYGENATION: The delivery of oxygen to body cells is a process that depends on the interplay of the pulmonary, hematologic, and cardiovascular system. Specifically, the process involved include: Ventilation, alveolar gas exchange, oxygen transport and delivery and cellular respiration.
- 4. 4 FACTORS AFFECTING OXYGENATION: • Age • Gender • Environment • Life style • Health status • Medications • Stress
- 5. 5 FACTORS AFFECTING OXYGENATION: 1. AGE: Oxygenation status can be influenced by age. Older adults are also more susceptible to respiratory infection because of decreased activity in the cilia, which normally are an affective defense mechanism. Other changes are; Chest wall and airways become more rigid and less elastic The amount of exchanged air is decreased The cough reflex and cilia action are decreased Mucous membranes become drier and more fragile Decrease in muscles strength
- 6. 6 CONTINUE….. 3. ENVIRONMENT: Altitude, heat, cold, and air pollution affect oxygenation. Higher altitude → lower partial pressure of oxygen. As a result person at high altitude has increased respiratory and cardiac rates. Heat → peripheral blood vessels dilate → body's blood vessels dilate → decrease peripheral resistance → increase cardiac output → increase demand of oxygen. Air pollution___ people who have history of lungs disease and altered respiratory function experience difficulty in breathing.
- 7. 7 CONTINUE…. 4. LIFESTYLE: Physical activity increases the rate and depth of respiration and hence increasing heart rate and the process is just opposite in people having sedentary lifestyle. 5. HEALTH STATUS: Diseases of the respiratory system and cardio vascular system can adversely affect the oxygenation of blood. One cardiovascular condition that affect oxygenation is anemia. 6. MEDICATIONS: A variety of medications can decrease the rate and depth of respirations. The most common are sedative and anxiety drugs (e.g. diazepam, valium, midazolam), barbiturates (e.g. phenobarbital) and narcotics such as morphine and meperidine decrease the respiratory rate and depth by depressing the respiratory center in the medulla. 7. STRESS: In stressful condition sympathetic system is activated that increase the rate of respiration, heart rate and vice versa.
- 8. 8 COMMON MANIFESTATIONS OF ALTERED RESPIRATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION: RESPIRATORY ALTERATIONS: • Hypoxia • Altered breathing patterns • Obstructed airway CARDIOVASCULAR ALTERATIONS: • Decreased cardiac output • Impaired tissue perfusion • Blood alterations
- 9. 9 RESPIRATORY ALTERATIONS: HYPOXIA: Hypoxia is a condition of insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body from inspired gas to tissues. It can be related to any part of the respiration: 1. Ventilation 2. Diffusion of gases 3. Transport of gases by blood HYPOVENTILATION: The state in which a reduced amount of air enters the alveoli in the lungs, resulting in decreased levels of oxygen and increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. The condition called hypercarbia/ hypercapnia
- 10. 10 CONTINUE…. HYPOXEMIA: Is a term that describes low levels of oxygen in the blood, specifically within arterial blood. CYANOSIS: Is a physical sign causing bluish discoloration of the skin, nail beds, and mucous membranes due to lack of oxygen in the blood.
- 11. 11 HYPOXIA: SIGNS OF HYPOXIA: • Rapid shallow respiration and dyspnoea • Increased restlessness or light headedness • Flaring of the nares( occurs when the nostrils widen while breathing) • Rapid pulse • Sub sternal or intercostal retractions • Cyanosis
- 12. 12 ALTERED BREATHING PATTERNS: BREATHING PATTERNS: RATE: Tachypnoea: Rapid respiration marked by quick, shallow breaths. Bradypnea: Abnormally slow respiration. Apnoea: Is the cessation of breathing. VOLUME: Hyperventilation: An increase in the amount of air in the lungs characterized by prolong and deep breaths; may be associated with anxiety. Hypoventilation: A reduction in the amount of air in lungs characterized by shallow respiration.
- 13. 13 CONTINUE…. RHYTHM: • Cheyne - stokes respiration: Is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes. • Biot’s (cluster) respiration: Shallow breaths interrupted by apnoea: May be seen in clients with CNS disorders.
- 14. 14 Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath. Dyspnea is a sign of serious disease of the airway, lungs, or heart. Orthopnoea: Ability to breath only in an upright sitting or standing position.
- 15. 15 OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY: 1. A completely or partially obstructed airway can occur any where along the upper or lower respiratory passageways. 2. An upper airway obstruction- that is, in the nose, pharynx, or larynx can arise because of a foreign object in such as food, because the tongue falls back into the oropharynx when a person is unconscious, or when secretions collect in the passageways. 3. Lower airway obstruction- is not always as easy to observe. Stridor, a harsh, high-pitched sound, may be heard during inspiration. The client may have altered arterial blood gas level, restlessness, dyspnoea, and adventitious breath sounds (abnormal breath sounds).
- 16. 16 CARDIOVASCULAR ALTERATIONS: DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT The vessels that supply blood to the heart muscles may become occluded by atherosclerosis or a blood clot, shutting off the blood supply to a portion of the myocardium. When this happens the tissue becomes necrotic and dies, a condition is known as myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack. If a large portion of the heart muscles is affected, particularly in the left ventricle, cardiac output falls because the affected muscles no longer contracts. Heart failure may develop if the heart isn't able to keep with the body’s need for oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
- 17. 17 CARDIOVASCULAR ALTERATIONS: IMPAIRED TISSUE PERFUSION 1. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of impaired blood flow to organs and tissue. As vessels narrow and become obstructed, distal tissue receive less blood, oxygen and nutrients. Atherosclerosis thickening or hardening of the arteries. It is caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery. 2. Ischemia is a lack of blood supply due to obstructed circulation. Any artery in the body may be affected by atherosclerosis, although the effects are often related to coronary arteries, vessels supplying blood to the brain, and arteries in peripheral tissues.
- 18. 18 CONTINUE…. 3. Obstruction of the coronary arteries : cause myocardial ischemia, often resulting in angina pectoris. 4. If the cerebral vessels are affected, the result may be transient ischemic attack.
- 19. 19 CARDIOVASCULAR ALTERATIONS: BLOOD ALTERATION 1. Because most oxygen is transported to the tissues in combination with haemoglobin, the problems of, inadequate red blood cells (RBCs), low haemoglobin levels, or abnormal haemoglobin structure can affect tissue oxygenation. 2. Anaemia has several different causes: RBCs are lost along with other components because of acute or chronic bleeding. If the diet is deficient in iron or folic acid Haemoglobin and RBCs are not formed adequately .
- 20. 20 CONTINUE…. Some disorders cause RBCs to break down excessively. People with sickle - cell disease produce an abnormal form of haemoglobin and may experience tissue ischemia during ex- acerbations of the disease.
- 21. 21 LIFESPAN-RELATED CHANGES AND PROBLEMS IN RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: Physiological changes of respiratory system with aging: 1. Decrease respiratory muscles strength 2. Decrease in elastic recoil of lung tissue 3. Stiffening of chest wall and calcification of costal cartilages. 4. Decrease in sizes of intervertebral spaces 5. Loss of alveolar surface area and pulmonary capillary blood volume Anatomical change: 1. Air space size increases due to senile emphysema. 2. Compliance: chest wall compliance decreased. – lung compliance – increased to normal. Total respiratory compliance decreased.
- 22. 22 AGE RELATED CHANGES IN CVS Cardiovascular structure Structural changes Functional changes History And Physical Findings Atria Increases size of left atrium. Thickness of endometrium Increases arterial irritability Irregular heart rhythm Left ventricle Hypertrophy Myocardial thickening Left ventricle stiff and less compliant Fatigue Dec. exercise tolerance, Ventricular dysrhythmias Valves Thickening and rigidity of AV valves Calcification of valves Abnormal blood flow across the valves Murmurs may be present Aorta and arteries Dec. elasticity and widening Elongation of aorta. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Progressive increase in systolic B.P. Widening pulse pressure
- 23. 23 NURSING MEASURES TO ENSURE A PATENT AIRWAY 1. Airway is called patent whenever there is an open pathway between patient’s lungs and the outside world. 2. An Airway obstruction is a blockage in the airway. It may partially or totally prevent air from getting into lungs.
- 24. 24 CONTINUE…. Assist patient in performing deep breathing & coughing exercises. Optimal positioning (sitting position) Use of abdominal muscles for more forceful cough. Use of incentive spirometery Importance of frequent position changes If cough is ineffective use suctioning as needed to remove sputum and mucus plugs. Encourage adequate intake of fluids to prevent dehydration Administer medications (e.g. antibiotics, mucolytic agents, bronchodilators, expectorants) as ordered. Consult respiratory therapist for chest physiotherapy. Instruct patient how to use prescribed inhalers. Provide steam inhalation to clear the secretions.
- 25. 25 NURSING PROCESS AND TEACHING PLAN FOR A CLIENT WITH ALTERED RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION Nursing process Diagnostic studies Diagnosis Assessment: • Nursing history • Physical examination • Pulse oximetry • Cardiac monitoring • Sputum test • Throat culture • Blood tests • ECG • Pulmonary function test • X-Ray studies • Laryngoscopy • Ineffective airway clearance • Ineffective breathing pattern • Impaired gas exchange • Impaired tissue perfusion
- 26. 26 NURSING PROCESS AND TEACHING PLAN FOR A CLIENT WITH ALTERED RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION Planning: 1. Maintain a patent airway 2. Improve comfort and ease of breathing 3. Maintain or improve pulmonary ventilation and oxygenation 4. Maintain or improve tissue perfusion 5. Maintain or restore an adequate cardiac output 6. Improve ability to participate in physical activities 7. Prevent risks associated with oxygenation problems such as skin and tissue breakdown, syncope (Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness usually related to insufficient blood flow to the brain), acid-base imbalances and feelings of hopelessness and social isolation
- 27. 27 CONTINUE…. Implementation: 1. Promoting oxygenation 2. Deep breathing and coughing (Huff coughing) 3. (Huffing, also known as huff coughing, is a technique that helps move mucus from the lungs. 4. Hydration + humidifiers (Nebulizers) 5. Medications
- 28. 28 CONTINUE…. Incentive spirometry: (An incentive spirometer is a device that will expand lungs by helping to breathe more deeply and fully). Percussion, vibration, and postural drainage: (Chest percussion is a manual technique which involves clapping on the chest and/or back loosen the thick, sticky mucus from the side of the lungs. This will enable the secretions to move into the larger airway when you take deep breaths so that you are able to cough and clear the secretion effectively).
- 29. 29 Vibration: is a technique that gently shakes the mucus so it can move into larger airways. Postural drainage : is the gravitational clearance of secretion from specific bronchial segments by using one or more of different positions. Oxygen therapy: oxygen therapy is a treatment that delivers oxygen gas for breath. Overview, Oxygen therapy can receive from tubes resting in nose, a face mask, or a tube placed in trachea, or windpipe. This treatment increases amount of oxygen, lungs receive and deliver to blood.
- 30. 30 OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEM Nasal cannula Face mask 1. Simple face mask 2. Partial rebreathe mask 3. non rebreathe mask 4. Venturi mask Face tent Oxygen analyser Trans tracheal oxygen delivery Artificial airways 1. Oro-pharyngeal 2. Nasopharyngeal airways 3. Endotracheal tubes 4. Tracheostomy tube
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- 32. 32 OXYGEN THERAPY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 1. Keep the oxygen at least 3 meters away from any open flame or heat source, such as candles or a gas stove, or from anything that could cause a spark 2. Do not smoke or let any one else smoke near the oxygen equipment. 3. Avoid using anything flammable near the oxygen. 4. Check that all electrical equipment in the vicinity of the oxygen is properly grounded (earthed). 5. Avoid using electrical appliances such as hairdryers and razors while oxygen is in use. 6. Make sure you have smoke alarms in your house.
- 33. 33 CONTINUE…. 7. As the oxygen concentrator becomes hot when in use, locate it in a well ventilated area, away from curtains or drapes. 8. Have your oxygen concentrator inspected and serviced regularly according to the supplier's instructions. 9. Store oxygen cylinders in an upright secure position in a well ventilated area away from any open flame, heat source, or direct sunlight. Do not cover with cloth or plastic. 10. Handle oxygen equipment with care to avoid damaging cylinders.
- 34. 34 APPLY NURSING PROCESS AND TEACHING PLAN FOR A CLIENT WITH ALTERED RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION Evaluating: 1. What is the client’s perception of the problem? 2. Is the client complaining of shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. 3. Is the client taking medication or performing treatment such as percussion, vibration, postural drainage, as prescribed. 4. Do other factors need to be considered such as the client’s psychological stress level.
- 35. 35 EMERGENCIES RELATED TO RESPIRATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES: 1. Arrhythmia 2. Cardio-pulmonary arrest 3. Hypertensive emergency 4. Acute myocardial infarction 5. Cardiac temponade Arrhythmia: 1. An arrhythmia is an problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. 2. During an arrhythmia the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm 3. When a heart beats too fast, the condition is called tachycardia. When a heart beats too slowly, the condition is called bradycardia.
- 36. 36 CONTINUE…. Cardio-pulmonary Arrest: 1. Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to pump effectively. 2. Signs include loss of consciousness and abnormal or absent breathing. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): Is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest.
- 37. 37 PROCEDURE: 1. Position your hand. Make sure the patient is lying on his back on a firm surface. 2. Interlock fingers 3. Give chest compressions 4. Open the airway 5. Give rescue breaths 6. Watch chest fall 7. Repeat chest compression and rescue breaths.
- 38. 38 CONTINUE…. Hypertensive emergency: 1. A hypertensive emergency is a condition in which elevated blood pressure (BP) results in target organ damage. 2. The systems primarily involved include, the central nervous system (CNS), the cardiovascular system, and the renal system. Acute myocardial infarction: 1. Acute myocardial infarction is the medical name for heart attack. 2. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is abruptly cut off, causing tissue damage. 3. This is usually the result of a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries.
- 39. 39 CONTINUE…. Cardiac Temponade: • Is a serious medical condition in which blood or fluids fill the space between the sac that encases the heart and heart muscle. This places extreme pressure on heart. RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES: Asthma: asthma is defined as the common chronic respiratory condition that causes difficulty in breathing due to inflammation of the airways. Asthma symptoms include dry cough, wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath.
- 40. 40 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an umbrella term that encompasses several respiratory illnesses that cause breathlessness, or the inability to exhale normally. People usually experience symptoms, including shortness of breath, and normally cough up sputum (mucous from the lungs), especially in the morning. Chronic Bronchitis: Chronic bronchitis is a form of COPD emphasized by a chronic cough. Usually people cough up sputum (mucous from the lungs), especially in the morning.
- 41. 41 Emphysema: Emphysema is a serious respiratory disease which is another form of COPD. Emphysema is a condition that involves damage to the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) of the lung. The most common cause is smoking. Those who suffer from emphysema have trouble exhaling air from their lungs. Lung Cancer: with the develop in any part of the lungs, this cancer is difficult to detect. Most often, the cancer develops in the main part of the lungs near the air sacs.
- 42. 42 Pneumonia: Pneumonia is a common lung disease caused by an infection in the air sacs in the lungs. The infections can be bacterial, viral, or fungal. Pleural Effusion: Pleural effusion is a collection of fluid between the lungs and the chest wall.
- 43. 43 WAYS THAT CAREGIVERS CAN DECREASE THE EXPOSURE OF CLIENTS TO INFECTION Definition Of Infection: The invasion of bodily tissue by pathogenic microorganisms that proliferate, resulting in tissue injury that can progress to disease. Infection Prevention: Infection control refers to policies and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections, especially in hospitals and human or animal health care facilities.
- 44. 44 WAYS THAT CAREGIVERS CAN DECREASE THE EXPOSURE OF CLIENTS TO INFECTION To prevent the infection break the chain of infection.
- 45. 45 CHAIN OF INFECTION Infectious Agent: is the pathogen (germ) that causes diseases Reservoir: includes places in the environment where the pathogen lives (this includes people, animals and insects, medical equipment, and soil and water) Portal Of Exit: is the way the infectious agent leaves the reservoir (through open wounds, aerosols, and splatter of body fluids including coughing, sneezing, and saliva) Mode Of Transmission: is the way the infectious agent can be passed on (through direct or indirect contact, ingestion, or inhalation) Portal Of Entry: is the way the infectious agent can enter a new host (through broken skin, the respiratory tract, mucous membranes, and catheters and tubes) Susceptible Host: can be any person (the most vulnerable of whom are receiving healthcare, immuno-compromised, have invasive medical devices; including lines, devices, and airways)
- 46. 46 BREAKING OF CHAIN OF INFECTION: STEP 1 IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANISM: Routinely send blood cultures, urine culture, skin swabs, throat swabs, tracheal aspirate culture. Send endotracheal tube tip, urinary catheter tip, and central lines tip for culture after removal. DISINFECTION: Sterilization of contaminated objects. High level of disinfectants: Activated glutaraldehyde Sodium hypochlorite 1% Carbolic solution 5% Bleaching powder 1% Methylated spirit
- 47. 47 BREAKING OF CHAIN OF INFECTION: STEP 2 Measures to control or eliminate of Reservoir Of Infection Employee Health: 1. Immunization of health personal e.g. hepatitis B vaccine 2. Regular check-up for early detection of any communicable disease 3. Restriction from work of patient contact when infected with communicable disease Environmental Disease: Cleaning with hospital approved clear disinfectant. Handling Of Linen: keep bed sheets dry and clean, change sheets everyday. Pest control Visitors control
- 48. 48 BREAKING OF CHAIN OF INFECTION: STEP 3 Portal Of Exit: 1. Practice Aseptic precaution 2. Avoid talking directly into the client’s mouth to prevent the droplet infection 3. Wearing of mask is compulsory if the nurse is infected or she is dealing with the patients who are infected 4. Careful handling of waste like urine, faeces, emesis, and blood is important. 5. Disposable gloves should be worn to prevent direct contact with wastes or infected materials.
- 49. 49 BREAKING OF CHAIN OF INFECTION: STEP 4 Mode Of Transmission: Contact precautions Droplet precautions: 1. Single patient room 2. Staff to put on surgical mask when entering room and remove and dispose off mask after leaving room and perform hand hygiene 3. Instruct patient about respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette 4. Limit patient movement outside the room to medically necessary purposes Airborne precautions
- 50. 50 BREAKING OF CHAIN OF INFECTION: STEP 5 Portal Of Entry: 1. Maintain integrity of skin and mucous membrane 2. Proper position of tubing, etc. may prevent injuries and skin breakdown 3. Turning and positioning of clients 4. Ensure the personal hygiene of client regularly 5. Proper disposal of contaminated syringe and needles 6. Proper handling of catheters and drainage set etc. care should be taken while collecting and handling specimen
- 51. 51 BREAKING OF CHAIN OF INFECTION: STEP 6 Susceptible Host: Avoid contact between the client. Categorize patients according to severity of disease and their vulnerability of infection.
- 52. 52 MEDICALAND SURGICALASEPSIS Asepsis is defined as the absence of pathogens. There are two basic types of asepsis: 1. Medical asepsis 2. Surgical asepsis Medical Asepsis (“Clean Technique”): Practices that kill some microorganisms to prevent them from spreading. Surgical Asepsis (“Sterile Technique”): Practices that completely kill and eliminate microorganisms.
- 53. 53 MEDICALASEPSIS Medical asepsis includes sanitization, antisepsis, and disinfection. SANITIZATION: Sanitization refers to cleaning practices and techniques that physically remove microorganisms. These include hand washing and cleaning of clients’ personal equipment, clothing, and linens. The most important one is hand hygiene, which includes hand washing and use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Always wash hands before meals, after using the bathroom, and before and after any contact with clients. After touching own or client’s body fluids, such as urine, feces, blood, saliva, vomitus, or genital discharge. When coughing or sneezing, always cover nose and mouth with a tissue or elbow. Teach clients to do the same.
- 54. 54 CONTINUE…. Next up are personal items. Each client should have their own soap, cups, toothbrushes, and towels. Personal equipment should be regularly cleaned to prevent the growth of microorganisms. When cleaning the room and objects, make sure to not stir up the dust (i.e., avoid shaking dirty linens, and use a moistened cloth or mop to wipe dust). When disposing of dirty linens to laundry bins, keep them away from your uniform. This will prevent the contamination of your uniform, and subsequently, the spread of microorganisms. Regularly empty the garbage because trash is a perfect environment for pathogen growth. Finally, maintain good personal hygiene and assist clients to achieve the same!
- 55. 55 CONTINUE…. Antisepsis: Antisepsis is the process of killing microorganisms or limiting their growth on the skin and non-living objects. Chemicals used in antisepsis are called antiseptics, most common ones include rubbing alcohol and iodine. Antiseptics can be used for hand scrubbing, treating cuts, wounds, and burns, and preoperative skin cleaning.
- 56. 56 CONTINUE…. Disinfection: Disinfection refers to the process of killing microorganisms on objects that are commonly in contact with clients, such as over bed tables, wheelchairs, stretchers, urinals, bedpans, and blood pressure cuffs. Chemicals used in disinfection are called disinfectants. In contrast to antiseptics, disinfectants are much stronger; therefore, they are not used on the skin! Moreover, in order to prevent skin irritation, always wear gloves while handling disinfectants.
- 57. 57 SURGICALASEPSIS Examples of surgical asepsis include the use of disposable sterile supplies, such as syringes, needles, and surgical gloves, and the use of reusable sterile equipment, such as surgical instruments. Most commonly, surgical asepsis is acquired through a process known as sterilization.
- 58. 58 CONTINUE…. Sterilization a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life and is carried out in health-care facilities by physical or chemical methods. For example, a commonly used device to sterilize surgical instruments is the autoclave, which uses high pressure and temperature to kill microorganisms and their spores. Finally, it’s important to note that before something can be disinfected or sterilized, organic materials, such as blood, feces or urine, must be removed using sanitization practices and techniques.
- 59. 59 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN MEDICALAND SURGICALASEPSIS Medical asepsis is the reduction of the number of disease - causing agents and their spread. Surgical Asepsis is the complete elimination of disease - causing agents and their spores from the surface of an object.
- 60. 60 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN MEDICALAND SURGICALASEPSIS Factors Medical asepsis Surgical asepsis Patient Has infection, lowered resistance to other infection Potential host, lowered resistance makes more susceptible Reservoir of infection The patient Other people and the environment Objective of barriers Confine organism to the room, unit or locale Prevent organism from reaching the patient or area Equipment and supplies Disinfect, sterilize or dispose off after contact with patient; use clean materials Disinfect, or sterilize before contact with patient; use sterile materials PPE Use clean garb to protect worker from organisms; discard after contact with patient Sterile garb to protect patient; remedy if contaminated Goal of nursing action Confine organisms and prevent spread of organisms to other. (Medical asepsis reduces the number of organisms or contains to reduce risk of transmission) Reduce the number of organisms and prevent the spread of infection to patient. (surgical asepsis keeps an area or objects free of all microorganisms.
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