Unit one presentation
- 2. INTRODUCTION TO EARTH SCIENCE Earth science- -study of Earth’s systems Includes: Meteorology Astronomy Geology Oceanography
- 3. Presentation Outline 1.What is Earth Science 2.Observations vs. Inference 3.Metric Measurements 4.Scientific Notation 5.Percent Error 6.Density 7.Graphing 8.Rate of Change
- 4. OBSERVATION- -Uses the 5 senses to gather information -We use technology to extend these senses
- 5. What are some instruments that you have used in science?
- 6. OBSERVATION- -Use senses for information -We use INSTRUMENTS to extend the senses INFERENCE- -make a conclusion -making sense of observations
- 7. What do you see and what do you think will happen?
- 8. What do you see and where do you think this photo was taken?
- 9. Come up with an observation and an inference based on this photo
- 10. Come up with an observation and an inference based on this photo
- 11. Metric Measurements What is approximately 3,000 mm? The height of the classroom. 10 feet equals about 3 m or 3,000 mm
- 13. Conversions 1 km = 1000 m 60 m = ? cm .1 cm = ? mm 700 hm = ? cm
- 14. More Metric and Units Kittens Kilometer 1000 m Have Hectometer 100 m Dirty Decamater 10 m Mouths Meter 1 m From Drinking Decimeter 0.1 m Chocolate Centimeter .01 m Milk Millimeter .001 m
- 15. Units Mass grams (g) 1000 g = 1 kg Volume milliliters (ml) for liquids Cubic centimeters (cm3 ) for solids 1000 ml = ? Density mass /volume units ?
- 16. Scientific Notation Scientific Notation: A number written as the product of a coefficient between 1 and 10 and a power of 10. U238 half life = 4.5 x 109 years Diameter of an atom = 2.44 x 10-10 m 4,500,000,000 years 0.00000000024 m
- 17. Practice: 3.5 x 103 = ______________ 8.6 x 105 =_______________ 7.4 x 102 =_______________
- 18. 80,000 = 8 x 104 9500= 520,000,000 = 42,000,000,000,000=
- 19. Age of Earth 4,600,000,000 years Step 1: Write this number in scientific notation: 4.6 x109 years Step 2: Write this in # of years (text): 4.6 Billion Years
- 20. Scientific Notation on the ESRT PAGE 1
- 21. Temperature? ? Accepted value - measured value PCT ERROR = ---------------------------------------------- x 100% accepted value Accepted value = correct answer Measured value = your data PERCENT ERROR- -how wrong you are
- 22. How many Jelly Beans do you think there are in the jar. Measure with your eyes… There are __________ jellybeans. Accepted value - measured value PCT ERROR = ---------------------------------------------- x 100% accepted value
- 23. Practice: A student measures a table to be 1.9m long. In reality it is 2.0m long. What is the percent error of the student? 2.0 – 1.9 X 100 = 5% 2.0 A student measures a room to be 6.9m. If the actual length is 7.5m, the student’s percent error is? 7.5 – 6.9 X 100 = 8% 7.5
- 24. Density Density: a mass/volume ratio that does not depend on size or shape length= 10 cm mass: 240g width = 2 cm height = 4 cm Volume = ? Density = mass/volume Density = ? Mass = 240 grams 10 cm x 2 cm x 4 cm = 80 cm3 240 g / 80 cm3 = 3 g/cm3
- 25. What if…? If we cut the block into several smaller pieces, what would the density of each piece be compared to the original block’s density? (1) Less (2) Greater (3) Equal ********* (3) EQUAL ***********
- 26. Practice A student determines the mass of a rock to be 196 grams, but the actual mass of the rock is 200 grams. The students approximate percent deviation (percentage of error) is (1)1.0% (2)2.0% (3)1.5% (4)4.0%
- 27. Density, Temperature, and Volume What happens to the air inside a balloon if we heated it? What happens to the volume? What happens to the density? What if we cool the air? Draw a graph that represents this relationship.
- 28. More Density Notes: What happens to the density of this box if you increase the size of the box (volume) from 80 cm3 to 100 cm3 ? If the volume increases (and mass stays the same) density decreases. You are dividing the mass by a larger number, thus density will decrease. Ex. 240 grams/100 cm3 = 2.4 g/cm3 240 grams
- 29. Density versus Volume Density Volume As volume increases (when mass is constant), density decreases. Volume Density INVERSE RELATIONSHIP
- 30. What if you decrease volume? If I compress an object, what happens to it’s density?
- 31. Which is more dense?
- 32. Which is more dense?
- 33. Which is more dense?
- 34. Which is more dense?
- 35. Average densities: -water = 1 g/cm3 at 4o C *** below 4o C the density of water decreases. Above 4o C, the density of water increases -Ice 0.5 g/cm3 -Earth = 5.5 g/cm3 -Saturn = 0.7 g/cm3 -human = ?
- 36. Grasping Graphing Graph: Visual display of information or data A way to organize and arrange data to be easily understood 3 main graphs (used in science) are bar, line, & pie
- 37. Parts of a Graph Independent variable = “x” axis Ex. Time- causes change in the dependent variable Dependent Variable = “y” axis Ex. Temperature- this experiences the result of (or depends on) the independent variable Title compares the dependent variable to the independent (y versus x)
- 38. LINE GRAPHS Data changes due to a relationship Ex. temperature changes over time Average Daily Temperature for January 1-7 in Degrees Fahrenheit Date Temperature (F) 1 10 2 25 3 30 4 42 5 23 6 25 7 40
- 39. BAR GRAPHS Compare information collected by counting Favorite Student After School Activity Activity Number Visit W/Friends 175 Talk on Phone 168 Play Sports 120 Earn Money 120 Use Computers 65
- 40. PIE CHART/CIRCLE GRAPH Slices represent percentages of the total
- 41. Graph Relationships: Direct: as x increases, y increases Indirect: as x increases, y decreases Constant: as x increases, y stays the same Cyclic: it repeats in a predictable pattern Example: the tides due to moon’s gravity Example: temperature vs. time of day (see sheet)
- 42. Types of graphs: -line graphs direct indirect or inverse cyclic relationship relationship relationship
- 43. Rate of Change Rate of Change: the amount of change in a field that occurs over time R.O.C =change / time Example: 6 am temp = 55 °F 2 pm temp = 82 °F Change in temp = 82-55 = 27 °F Change in time =8 hours Rate of change = 3.4 °F/ hour
- 44. Rate of Change What is the rate of change here?
- 45. example: From 3:00 pm to 6:00 pm the air temperature falls from 85o F to 79o F. What is the rate of change for temperature during this time? Rate of change = In 60 years, the shoreline at Rye Beach has shrunk by 30 inches. What is the rate of change for the shoreline? Rate of Change=
- 46. Presentation Conclusion 1.What is Earth Science 2.Observations vs. Inference 3.Metric Measurements 4.Scientific Notation 5.Percent Error 6.Density 7.Graphing 8.Rate of Change