Measurement explanation final_ppt
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Here are the key points about density: - Density compares the mass and volume of an object. It tells us how concentrated or spread out the mass is. - Density is calculated by dividing an object's mass by its volume. The SI unit for density is kg/m3. - Objects with higher densities have more mass packed into a smaller volume. They tend to sink in liquids like water. - Objects with lower densities have less mass spread out over a larger volume. They tend to float in liquids. - An object's density does not change based on its shape or size, only its mass and volume. So a bigger object does not necessarily have a higher density - it depends on its specific mass
Measurement explanation final_ppt
- 1. MEASUREMENT A simple definition of physics is “the science of measurement”
- 2. Measuring- For a measurement to be useful it must: – be accurate – have a unit.
- 3. Basic measurements in physics • Length:- Including areas and volumes • Mass • Time • Temperature etc.
- 4. Time Time allows change to happen. Measuring instruments: • Stop watch. • Electronic timer (for very short times). Units seconds (s), minutes (m) and hours (h or hrs) (multiply each time by 60 to use the smaller measure)
- 5. Temperature Temperature measures how hot or cold an object is. Measuring instrument: • Thermometer. Unit degrees Celsius (0C) Degree Fahrenheit (0F)
- 6. Length Measuring instruments: • Tape measure • Metre stick • Opisometer (for small curves) • Trundle wheel (for longer distances) Units metres (m) or centimetres (cm)
- 7. Opisometer (for small curves) • most commonly used to measure the lengths of roads, rivers and other line features on maps. • Opisometers designed for this purpose provide scales reading the measured distance in
- 8. The trundle wheel • a simplified form of surveyor's wheel • commonly used by school children • an easy way to find the rough distance • The trundle a clicking device which is triggered once per revolution of the wheel • are not as accurate as other methods • but are a good way to get a rough estimation of a fairly long distance over a good surface.
- 9. Mass DEFINITION Mass- the amount of matter an object has Matter- something that has mass and takes up space.
- 10. Measuring Devices of Mass
- 11. Weights
- 12. Units for Measuring Mass • SI Unit- Kilogram (kg) or gram (g) • 1 paper clip= 1 gram • 1000g=1 kilogram • The average human adult weighs 75kg. • Mass cannot be changed by the location, shape and speed of the body. • Large masses are measured in tonnes while small masses are measured in grams.
- 13. Examples of Masses of objects Mass in Object kilogram (kg) Electron 10-30 A fine grain of sand 10-6 A pea 10-3 An apple 10-1 A medium-sized car 103 Earth 1024 Sun 1030
- 14. Weight Spring Definition- Weight is a gravitational force acting on balance an object Formula- W = mg where m is the mass of the object g is the gravitational force Units- Weight is measured in newtons (N)
- 15. Gravitational Field The gravitational field is a region in which a mass experiences a force due to gravitational attraction.
- 17. Pretend That You Are in space! Oh where, oh where, has my weight gone? Oh where, oh where can it be? You are floating around. You drift over to a floating scale and put your feet on it. Your feet do not push down on the scale at all. The scale shows that you weigh 0. You have lost your weight—but did you lose your mass?
- 18. All my body parts are still together — so I still have mass!
- 19. On a space flight, your mass would be the same; but your weight would change.
- 20. Summing up Mass and Weight • Your MASS is the amount of material in your body. • Your MASS doesn’t depend on where you are. • Your WEIGHT is how much your body pushes down on a scale. • Your WEIGHT depends on how much MASS you have and where you are.
- 21. Where would you weigh the most? Earth OR Moon
- 22. Remember, • Gravity describes the pull between masses. • You have mass, and the earth has mass. • There is a pull between you and the earth. • We measure this pull with a scale. • The more the gravity, the greater the squeeze on the springs of the scale…and the more you weigh.
- 23. Gravity and Weight Summary • Your weight on earth is a measure of the GRAVITY pull between you and the earth. • Bodies with more MASS produce a greater GRAVITY pull on each other.
- 24. On Earth So, if I ate a lot of yummy tuna fish while standing on the scale, I would gain mass. The pull between the earth and me would become greater—and I would weigh more!
- 25. Back to the Moon During my trip to the moon, my mass does not change, but the moon has much less mass than the earth.
- 26. Still on the Moon! There is less gravity pull between you and the moon. If you stood on the scale on the moon—you would weigh less than on earth!
- 27. Differences between Weight and Mass Weight Mass • pull of gravity on • amount of matter in the body the body • units are newtons • units are kilograms, & dyne grams • changes from place • is constant regardless to place of place or location • measure with the • measure with the help of spring help of beam balance balance
- 28. VOLUME: What Is Volume? Space occupied by an object is known as its volume. It is denoted by ‘V’
- 29. Units Of Volume Volume is measured in cubic centimetres. Also called centimetre cube (cm3) Bigger unit of volume is cubic metre or meter cube (m3)
- 30. Volume of Liquids Volume of liquid is measured using measuring vessels. Its unit is litre and smaller unit is millilitre. 1 litre = 1000 ml 1 litre = 1000 cubic cm So, 1 ml = 1 cubic cm
- 31. Different types of measuring vessels
- 32. How to measure VOLUME of liquids We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects. Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water. What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____mL
- 37. What causes the meniscus? A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container.The glass attracts the water on the sides.
- 38. VOLUME of solids having regular geometric shapes Volume of solids having regular geometric shapes can be determined using different formulae.
- 39. Cube Formula to find volume of a cube is- L x L x L = L3 So,volume of the cube = 1cm X 1cm X 1cm = 1 cm3
- 40. Cuboid Height (H)
- 41. Volume of Cuboids. Look at the adjacent cuboid: We must first calculate the area of the base of the cuboid: The base is a rectangle measuring 10cm by 3cm: 10cm 3cm
- 42. 10cm 3cm Area of a rectangle = length x width Area = 10 x 3 Area = 30cm2 We can place 30 cubic centimetres on the base:
- 43. 4cm 3cm 10cm We have now got to find how many layers of 1cm cubes we can place in the cuboid: We can fit in 4 layers. Volume = 30 x 4 Volume = 120cm3 That means that we can place 120 of our cubes measuring a centimetre in all directions inside our cuboid.
- 44. 4cm 3cm 10cm We have found that the volume of the cuboid is given by: Volume = 10 x 3 x 4 = 120cm3 This gives us our formula for the volume of a cuboid: Volume = Length x Width x Height
- 45. The diagram shows a cuboid. Work out the volume, in cm3, of the cuboid.
- 46. Volume of Irregular Objects • For example: a rock! • When objects do not take on a regular shape or it is difficult to measure their dimensions we use a different method to find their volume, this method is called water displacement
- 47. Displacement is: – The amount of water an object replaces is equal to the object’s volume How to use the method of water displacement?
- 48. Measuring the volume of an irregularly shaped object that sinks in water Graduated cylinder Stone
- 49. Measuring the volume of an irregularly shaped object that floats in water Graduated Overflow Cylinder can Thread Cork
- 50. Story of a naked man In the first century BC the Roman architect Vitruvius related a story of how Archimedes uncovered a fraud in the manufacture of a golden crown commissioned by Hiero II, the king of Syracuse. The crown (corona in Vitruvius’s Latin) would have been in the form of a wreath. Hiero would have placed such a wreath on the statue of a god or goddess. Suspecting that the goldsmith might have replaced some of the gold given to him by an equal weight of silver, Hiero asked Archimedes to determine whether the wreath was pure gold. And because the wreath was a holy object dedicated to the gods, he could not disturb the wreath in any way.
- 51. Archimedes The solution which occurred when he stepped into his bath and caused it to overflow was to put a weight of gold equal to the crown, and known to be pure, into a bowl which was filled with water to the brim. Then the gold would be removed and the king’s crown put in, in its place. An alloy of lighter silver would increase the bulk of the crown and cause the bowl to overflow.
- 52. Does something that is bigger always have more mass?
- 53. Does bigger = more mass?
- 54. What is density? • Density is a comparison of how much matter there is in a certain amount of space. Definition- Density is defined as mass per unit volume Formula- mass/volume S I units- kg/m 3 M Other units- g/cm3 D V My Dear Valentine
- 55. Density Density Sink Object Mass/g Vol/cm 3 or g/cm3 Float? Aluminium 50 18.52 2.70 Sink sheet Gold 150 7.89 19.0 Sink bracelet Water 500 500 1 --- Ice 10 10.87 0.92 Float Block of 0.5 Float 800 1600 pinewood
- 56. Which one is more dense?
- 57. Now which one is more dense?
- 58. Ways to Affect Density • Change mass AND keep volume same • Change volume AND keep mass same
- 59. Change Mass AND Keep Volume Same • Increase the mass increase density • Decrease the mass decrease in density Which container has more density? A B
- 60. Change Volume AND Keep Mass Same • Increase the volume decrease density • Decrease the volume increase density • Which container has more density? A B
- 61. What 2 ways will increase density? Keep the same mass AND decrease the volume Keep the same volume AND increase the mass