Unit One.doc
- 1. Unit One First Day On Campus The Bridge If you’re an international student, or you happen to join a university away from home, you face many challenges and make a huge move as you leave for college. It’s normal to feel a certain level of stress in new situations, it keeps you aware and on your toes. Yet, during the first weeks and months you’ll want to be in control of stress, otherwise you will start to feel overwhelmed. How can you be happy and successful there? How do you stay balanced as a fresh university student? Here are some tips: Yes, the work is hard, but give yourself an opportunity to get used to this new academic life. Don’t forget that you are your own boss. You make the schedule and manage your own time. You might think of cutting classes and neglecting homework, as no one will nag you. Nevertheless, you’ll wish they had if the final exam is approaching and you’re not ready.
- 2. The beginning of college can be a lonely time on the social level. You might be leaving your old friends behind. The flip side is that you can also expect to make new friends. All colleges have freshman orientation programs so that new students can get to know each other. Freshmen are usually anxious to make new friends because everyone’s in the same boat. To wrap it up, college means potentials. It is not just a learning opportunity; it’s a bridge through life. If you make the right choice, you cross safely. You’ll feel good about yourself, get a great education, have fun, and you’ll grow up in the process. Wow! What a deal!
- 3. Key Vocabulary: - on your toes = to be careful and attracted - overwhelmed = affected - tips = advice - opportunity = chance - schedule = timetable - nag = keep repeating and asking - approaching = nearing - flip side = less good side - orientation = guidance - Freshmen = new students - anxious = worried - wrap it up = finish = conclude - potentials = opportunities = abilities
- 4. Grammar Tens e Affirmative/ Negative/Que stion Usage Signal Words Simp le Prese nt A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak? ■action in the present taking place once, never or several times ■facts ■actions taking place one after another ■action set by a timetable or schedule always, every …, never, normall y, often, seldom, someti mes, usually if sentenc es type I (If I talk, …) Simp le Past A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak? ■action in the past taking place once, never or several times ■actions taking place one after another ■action taking place in the middle of another action yesterd ay, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day,
- 5. last Friday if sentenc e type II (If I talked, …) Futur e Simp le 1 A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak? ■action in the future that cannot be influenced ■spontaneous decision ■assumption with regard to the future in a year, next …, tomorr ow If Type I (If you ask her, she will help you.) assump tion: I think, probabl y, we might …, perhaps
- 6. Futur e Simp le 2 (goin g to) A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak? ■decision made for the future ■conclusion with regard to the future in one year, next week, tomorr ow Simple Present Tense We use the present simple to talk about: 1- General facts that are true and will be true for some time I am a university student. 2- Repeated action or habits: She gets up at seven-thirty every morning. 3- Stories of films and plays, and in sports commentaries: Harry Potter uses magic and fights the evil demons. 4- Future schedules and arrangements: The train leaves at eleven o’clock.
- 7. We make questions in the present simple tense: 1- By changing the order of the subject and verb ‘to be’: Statement: She is happy. Question: Is she happy? 2- For other verbs we use “do” before the subject to make questions Statement: Mark lives in France. Question: Does Mark live in France? We make negative sentences in the present simple tense: By putting not after verb ‘to be’ or after ‘do’: Statement: She is happy. Mark lives in France. Negative: She is not happy.
- 8. Mark does not live in France. Note Some verbs usually take the present simple rather than the present continuous, whatever the context: Mental states: believe, know, suppose, think, realize, recognize, and understand. Wants and likes: want, like, love, hate, need, and prefer. Appearance: appear, seem, and look like. Example: Correct: She knows him very well. Wrong: She is knowing him very well. ************************************** The past simple of regular verbs is formed by: Adding- (ed) to the base form of the verb: Play Played Many common verbs have irregular past simple forms:
- 9. Take > Took Note: The irregular verb must be well memorized. How to make questions with past simple tense verbs? We make questions in the past simple tense: 1. By changing the order of the subject and verb ‘to be’: Statement: Rachel was a teacher. Question: Was Rachel a teacher? 2. For other verbs we use ‘did’ before the subject to make questions: Statement: Samuel played football. Question: Did Samuel play football? How to make negatives with past simple tense verbs? We make negative sentences by putting not after verb ‘to be’ or after ‘did’: Statement: Rachel was a teacher. Samuel played football. Negative: Rachel was not a teacher. Samuel did not play football.
- 10. ************************************** When do we use the future simple tense? We use the simple future tense in the form of "Will + infinitive" to express the following: 1- As a statement of future fact, or to say what we think will happen as this example shows. I think I will visit my aunt. 2- Repeated events in the future: She will do her homework when she finishes her lunch. Note • To talk about strong future intentions or plans we use be going to + infinitive , look at this example: - She is going to fly to Paris next week. • The simple present tense can be used with a time expression for a definite future arrangement. - Correct: The girls start school on Sunday. - Wrong: The girls are going to start school on Sunday.
- 11. • We use shall instead of will in questions with I and we: - Shall we get some tea? - Shall I help you carry the box?
- 12. Listening Comprehension First Day on Campus by Fadwa Mohamed It was my first day on campus. I have become an international student at Georgia State University (GSU) in the USA. I flew a long way from Egypt to be there. From the plane, everything seemed small and strange. I was nervous to be in a new place, but kind of curious too. An Egyptian student with GSU came to pick me up. I found myself in a new world with new people. It's impossible now to express that feeling in words. But I can tell you my experience. I was relieved to see some Egyptian students in the orientation. They were the representatives of the Egyptian student organization. I met students from different countries, like China, Japan, Mexico, and Iraq. I met a very friendly girl from South America who really helped me feel less nervous. Soon, time was flying among laughs and joy.
- 13. The lunch break was a painful time. It was the first time in my life to taste American food. It looked nice but didn't satisfy my appetite, as I remembered my mother’s delicious cooking. Yet, I knew I had to get used to it. After lunch, we were taken to visit the campus. Our group leader took us to different buildings and gave us a long tour. By this time, I was beginning to enjoy myself and make new friends. Two hours later, I started to feel tired. I asked my group leader - who was Indian - to take me to the student hostel. I was a bit scared of having a roommate. I’m an only child and never got used to sharing a room with anyone. But when I met May, we immediately hit it off. I felt like we’ve known each other all our lives. Tomorrow was something to look forward to.
- 14. Academic Writing In academic writing, “pre-writing” comes first. - Pre-writing involves three steps: 1- Choosing a topic 2- Narrowing down the topic 3- Making an outline Choosing a Topic - Choosing a topic means deciding on a thesis statement. - The thesis statement is the sentence that tells your readers what your topic is, and what they should expect. It is usually the last sentence in your introduction. - A thesis statement is a single, clear sentence that states what you want your readers to know, believe, or understand after having read your essay. Narrowing Down the Topic - This means downsizing your topic to make it well organized, concise, and to the point.
- 15. - Example: Friends (too broad) My Friend's date of birth (too narrow) Making an Outline What is an outline? An outline is a part of “Pre-Writing” A list outlines all of the information that you would like to include in your paper. The list helps you to put all of your information in the right order before you begin writing. Why Write an Outline? • It helps you organize all the ideas struggling to appear. • It allows you to discover the problems that might occur in your essay. An outline organizes your information into 3 major parts in preparation for your paper: 1- Your Introduction 2- Your Body Paragraphs 3- Your Conclusion
- 16. What Goes in the Introduction Section of the Outline? The same information that should be in your essay’s introductory paragraph Thesis Statement 1- Your First Major Point 2- Your Second Major Point 3- Your Third Major Point What about the Body section? The body section outlines the following information on each of your major points: - Major Point - 3-5 Supporting Details - Transition relating it back to your thesis 3- Your conclusion section 1-Restates your thesis statement 2-Reestabelishes your major points 3-Adds any final thoughts