![An ethical perspective to UD
”At a society level, universal design is
based on equality and equal opportunities
as values. For the individual this strategy
should be linked to plurality, inclusion and
self-respect.”
Inger Marie Lid [Oslo and Akershus University College, Norway]
“Design is about ethical values”
Michel Puech, Sorbonne](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/universaldesignfornettside-151126142348-lva1-app6892/85/Universal-Design-UD-And-Introduction-20-320.jpg)
![Cultural sustainability
Cultural sustainability is a new interdisciplinary approach, aimed to raise the significance
of culture and its factors in local, regional and global sustainable development. Culture is an
important aspect of sustainable development, as it refers to how we understand and
appreciate natural resources and each other. However, the role and meaning of culture
within the framework of sustainable development is relatively vague both in science and
policy. Sometimes culture has been treated as a component of social sustainability,
sometimes as a fourth pillar,[1]
or even as a key dimension of sustainable development.[2][3]
However, the call for culture is becoming more powerful along with the increasing
ecological, economic and social challenges to meet the aims of sustainability.[4
]
Abstract
Current debates about urban sustainability tend to focus on technical issues, such as
carbon emissions, energy consumption and waste management, or on the economic
aspects of urban regeneration and growth. Increasingly, however, governments recognise
the contribution that built cultural heritage makes to the social well-being of different
groups living within increasingly cosmopolitan towns and cities. Heritage is seen as a major
component of quality of life, but the two main methods of identifying and protecting built
heritage – the listing of individual monuments and buildings and designation of conservation
areas – are unable to deal with less tangible features of townscape, such as street patterns.
Yet it is often precisely these features that give a city its unique character and provide the
sense of belonging that lies at the core of cultural identity. The purpose of this paper,
therefore, is to examine the role that built cultural heritage can play within sustainable urban
development.
[5]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/universaldesignfornettside-151126142348-lva1-app6892/85/Universal-Design-UD-And-Introduction-24-320.jpg)
Universal Design (UD) - And Introduction
- 1. Universal design (UD) – an introduction Tom Vavik Professor Ergonomics and Universal Design http://www.aho.no/no/User-pages/Ansatte/T/Tom-Vavik/ http://www.designresearch.no/people/tom-vavik Institute of Design The Oslo School of Architecture and Design
- 2. Universal design (UD) – some aspects Tom Vavik Professor Institutt of Design Oslo School of Architecture and Design
- 3. Universal design … What Concepts and background A brief history Accessibility Why Ethics and human rights Social sustainability National strategy Marked potential How Inclusive design processes Recommendations and guidelines Through examples
- 5. Universal design is …….. 1991: the concept of designing all products and the built environment to be aesthetic and usable to the greatest extent possible by everyone, regardless of their age, ability, or status in life (Ronald L. Mace. The Center for Universal Design, the United States.)
- 6. THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS • The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) was adopted on 13 December 2006 The CRPD entered into force on 3 May 2008. • Norway ratified the convention on 3 June 2013 • The purpose of the present Convention is to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity.
- 7. • Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
- 8. Regulation for universal design of information and communication technology (ICT) solutions • Universal design means "designing, or accommodating, the main solution with regards to physical conditions, so that the solution may be used by as many people as possible," regardless of disability.
- 9. Universal design – what “Universal design (UD) is a framework for the design of places, things, information, communication and policy to be usable by the widest range of people operating in the widest range of situations without special or separate design.” (Adaptive Environments, 2006)
- 10. 10 Universal Design also known as Inclusive Design, Design for All and Accessible Design Universal Design (USA) • The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)(1990) • Architect Ronald L. Mace (1991) • 7 Principles of UD (1997) Inclusive Design (England) • Roger Coleman, Royal College of Art (RCA), Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design Rama Gheerawo People centered design Universal design (Norway) • Norwegian Design Council Innovation for All Accessible Design Design for our future selves Transgenerational Design
- 11. What is design ? Design is about ethical values http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tngz9I-wQP4 "Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles. Therefore, design is the central factor of innovative humanization of technologies and the crucial factor of cultural and economic exchange.” (ICSID)
- 13. Accessible through the main solution • not as the two entrances at the Opera not as the at the Oslo Opera house with the two entrances
- 14. Universal design WHY Mastering everyday life Gender equality Non-discrimination Equal opportunities Equality Self-determination Active participation in society Personal and social responsibility AREAS Buildings, outdoor areas, goods, services, transport and communications, ICT- solutions DESIGN ACTIONS Increase quality through a design process with end user participation Discover and understand the requirements Specify the needs and whishes based on the users, the context and the tasks Use and transform standards, guidelines, and checklists Test and evaluate with users along the design process HOW Public action plans, legislation and regulations, a profitable market. Developing attitudes and physical, digital and organizational solutions
- 15. Accessibility is the degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is available to as many people as possible. Physical accessibility Availability Promote independent use Flexibility and possibility for choice Cognitive accessibility Senses, multisensorial Easy to understand, learn and remember Physical and cognitive accessibility
- 16. What influence how a building is experienced? • The features or qualities of the building itself • The cultural background and capabilities of the user • The environment aspects, in which context it is acting in • How it is used, what are the tasks that are performed?
- 17. 17 Human abilities (CEN/CENELEC Guide 6) Sensory abilities such as seeing, hearing, touch, taste, smell and ballance Physical abilities such as speech,dexterity,manipulation, mobility, strength and endurance Cognitive abilities such as intellect, memory, language and literacy Handrails with ICT
- 18. User cababilities in architecture • Locomotion (motor ability) • Wayfinding, orientation (visually and cognitively impaired) • Tolerance towards chemicals in the environment (allergic)
- 19. Why
- 20. An ethical perspective to UD ”At a society level, universal design is based on equality and equal opportunities as values. For the individual this strategy should be linked to plurality, inclusion and self-respect.” Inger Marie Lid [Oslo and Akershus University College, Norway] “Design is about ethical values” Michel Puech, Sorbonne
- 21. Universal design – objectives • UD leads to buildings, products and ICT solutions that are accessible, usable and attractive to most people despite the diversity in capability and abilities. • It is a way of thinking, an overall methodology for the design process.
- 22. UD is a part of a sustainable development… Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (UN, 1987)
- 23. Sustainable development – design approaches Design for Environment, Green design, EcoDesign Universal design, Design for accessibility, Design for all, Participatory design, Inclusive design, Design for diversity Design management Corporate social responisbility Etc.
- 24. Cultural sustainability Cultural sustainability is a new interdisciplinary approach, aimed to raise the significance of culture and its factors in local, regional and global sustainable development. Culture is an important aspect of sustainable development, as it refers to how we understand and appreciate natural resources and each other. However, the role and meaning of culture within the framework of sustainable development is relatively vague both in science and policy. Sometimes culture has been treated as a component of social sustainability, sometimes as a fourth pillar,[1] or even as a key dimension of sustainable development.[2][3] However, the call for culture is becoming more powerful along with the increasing ecological, economic and social challenges to meet the aims of sustainability.[4 ] Abstract Current debates about urban sustainability tend to focus on technical issues, such as carbon emissions, energy consumption and waste management, or on the economic aspects of urban regeneration and growth. Increasingly, however, governments recognise the contribution that built cultural heritage makes to the social well-being of different groups living within increasingly cosmopolitan towns and cities. Heritage is seen as a major component of quality of life, but the two main methods of identifying and protecting built heritage – the listing of individual monuments and buildings and designation of conservation areas – are unable to deal with less tangible features of townscape, such as street patterns. Yet it is often precisely these features that give a city its unique character and provide the sense of belonging that lies at the core of cultural identity. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine the role that built cultural heritage can play within sustainable urban development. [5]
- 25. Social Sustainable Development involves • Basic human needs • Equity • Social accountability • Empowerment • Local self–reliance • Participation • Inclusion • Accessibility • Appropriate technology • Protecting the mental and physical health of stakeholders • Encouraging community development • Treating all stakeholders fairly • Access to social resources • Providing essential services (Esp.design.org,http://www.espdesign.org/sustainability- definition/social-sustainability/)
- 26. … and a national strategy • Universal design is a national strategy for making society accessible to all people. • The Ministry of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion coordinates the Government's policy in this field through the Action plan for universal design and increased accessibility 2009-2013.
- 27. Universal Design in Norway ConferencesAction Plans “Universal design thinking has become widely recognized and applied in Norwegian political documents, statutory framework and technical guidelines.”
- 28. Rules, regulations and laws • Law on planning and building Regulations (Planning and Building) • Laws prohibiting discrimination on grounds of disability (Discrimination and Accessibility Act) • Arbeidsmiljøloven • Arbeids- og velferdsforvaltningsloven • Barnehageloven • Fagskoleloven • Folkehelseloven • Folkehøyskoleloven • Forvaltningsloven • Friluftsloven • Husbankloven • Jernbaneloven • Kommunehelsetjenesteloven • Lov om offentlige anskaffelser • Opplæringsloven • Privatskoleloven • Tobakkskadeloven • Act relating to universities and colleges (Universities and University Colleges Act). • Valgloven • Vegloven • Yrkestransportloven See www.lovdata.no and https://byggforalle.no/uu/ombfa.html
- 30. Demografi En økende, kravstor og ressurssterk gruppe. Stort markedspotensiale Why New marked
- 32. Attitudes Teaching students of design
- 33. Inclusive design - the strategy of the future Inclusive design aims to enable all people to have equal opportunities to participate in every aspect of society irrespective of cognitive, physical or sociocultural factors. (Ergonomidesign in Stockholm)
- 34. The Process of Universal Design (8 steps) (University of Washington, 2009) • Identify the application. • Define the universe. • Involve consumers. • Adopt guidelines or standards. • Apply guidelines or standards. • Plan for accommodations. • Train and support. • Evaluate.
- 35. Universal design approaches • The use of the product (effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a particular context of use) • The user interface and interaction • The process used to develop the product • The capability of an organization to apply this design strategy (Adapted from http://www.usabilitynet.org)
- 36. How With end user involvement
- 37. Why iterative design processes Challenge Solution (Modified from Bryan Lawson, 1997)
- 38. Three models of inclusive design processes • ISO 13407 - Human centered design processes for interactive systems • The book: ”Innovating with People” • John Clarksons - Inclusive design toolkit
- 39. Iterative user/human centered design activities (ISO 13407) 4. Product design solutions 5. Evaluate designs against user requirements 3. Specify user and organisational requirements 2. Specify the context of use Meets requirements 1. Plan the human centered process
- 40. Deltasenteret i Helsedirektoratet Forskningsrådets brukerforum IT Funk Norsk Designråds nyskapingsprogram Innovasjon for Alle Den norske Dataforenings faglige nettverk BITS Ressursnettverket Universell IKT
- 41. Inclusive design toolkit www.universaldesigntoolkit.com (J. Clarkson et al. 2003) • A 'waterfall' model of an inclusive design process
- 42. Ref: Inclusive design. Toolkit. 2007. Designprosessen
- 43. Summary – inclusive design processes: Are iterative • Specify the context of use (who, what, where) • Discover, understand and translate the wants and needs of the user Involves stakeholders and end users • Adapt and apply guidelines and standards • Evaluate designs against requirements and test with users
- 44. Model for teaching Design for diversity
- 45. Elements in an inclusive design process
Editor's Notes
- #2: Skrape litt i overflaten på et stort tema. Jeg er beæret og ydmyk i så mange dyktige fagmennesker nærvær. Mange fagmiljøer, Den norske Dataforenings faglige nettverk BITS (Brukervennlige IT Systemer,) Ressursnettverket Universell IKT med Morten Tollefsen i spissen og Forskningsrådets IT Funk med Maja Arnesen som leder. Dere har praktisk erfaring og detaljkunnskap langt ut over min egen innenfor temaet brukervennlig IKT. Jeg vil derfor presentere noen overordnede begreper og peke på noen viktige elementer i en inkluderende designprosess. Bruker begrepene Inklusiv design (ID) og Universell design (UD) om hverandre. ID fra USA og det internasjonale begrepet, ID fra England og Ergonomidesign Et hvert designkontor har sin egen designsstrategi/prosess eller fremgangsmåte. Sakt om metoder: Metoden er viktig, den bestemmer resultatet.. Our processes determine the quality of our products. If we wish to improve our products, we must improve our processes; we must continually redesign not just our products but also the way we design. Først når prosjektet eller løsningen er klar ser du hvilken metode du skulle/burde ha brukt Piet Hein: Art is the solution of a problem which cannot be expressed explicitly until it is solved.” Design og kunst er løsning av problemer om ikke kan defineres før de er løst. Det å kunne formulere spørsmålet er en del av svaret. NetLife Research, MediaLT og Ressursnettverket Universell teknologi TelenorR&D, SINTEF, UiO
- #3: Teaching Ergonomics and Universal Design to design students in a Course called Design for diversity
- #4: Tilgjengelighet: accessibility, availability Prinsipper og retningslinjer og standarder
- #6: UD through the main solution
- #12: International Council of Societies of Industrial Design “ID is creating values for companies and the society.”
- #17: Samspillet, interaksjonen mellom bygget og sluttbrukeren. En svaksynt eller rullestolbruker opplever det annerledes enn andre Garderobe, toalettforhold, rullebrettkjøring
- #19: Bevegelseshemmede omfatter blant annet rullestolbrukere, mennesker som trenger krykker, mennesker med revmatisme, med hjerteproblemer og med nedsatt kraft i armer og bein. Bevegelseshemmede kan også ha redusert evne til å bevege seg raskt, ha lengre reaksjonstid og redusert balanseevne. Blinde og svaksynte, døve og andre hørselshemmede, samt mennesker med forståelseshandikap er på ulike måter orienteringshemmede. Disse gruppene har ulike krav til omgivelsene for at de skal være tilgjengelige og brukbare. Mennesker med astma og allergi reagerer på stoffer i miljøet, det vil si materialer som berøres og forurensning og stoffer i luften, for eksempel pollen.
- #21: Two quotes Professor i philosophy My college at OAUC Diversity, dignity
- #24: LCA. Vugge til vugge Materials and energy, gjennvinning Emmissions and waste Tilgjengelighet, prinsipper og designprosess. Økonomisk utvikling, corporate social responsibility
- #28: The Government's vision is that Norway should be universally designed in 2025. This prevents discrimination against people with disabilities and provide better environment for the entire population. Government plans gradual implementation of the most comprehensive commitment to universal design ever.
- #31: Befolkningsutviklingen
- #38: Hvorfor er designprosesser iterative. Hva betyr iterativ: At du vender tilbake til utgangspunktet med nye forutsetninger. Prosessen gjentas og løsningen forbedres ved hjelp av prototyper, tester og modifisering Evaluere er å vurdere, verdisette, teste med brukere Iterative design is a design methodology based on a cyclic process of prototyping, testing, analyzing, and refining a product or process. Based on the results of testing the most recent iteration of a design, changes and refinements are made. This process is intended to ultimately improve the quality and functionality of a design. In iterative design, interaction with the designed system is used as a form of research for informing and evolving a project, as successive versions, or iterations of a design are implemented. ows nye program The iterative design process may be applied throughout the new product development process. However, changes are easiest and less expensive to implement in the earliest stages of development. The first step in the iterative design process is to develop a prototype. The prototype should be evaluated by a focus group or a group not associated with the product in order to deliver non-biased opinions. Information from the focus group should be synthesized and incorporated into the next iteration of the design. The process should be repeated until user issues have been reduced to an acceptable level. Specific Application: Human Computer Interfaces Iterative design is commonly used in the development of human computer interfaces. This allows designers to identify any usability issues that may arise in the user interface before it is put into wide use. Even the best usability experts cannot design perfect user interfaces in a single attempt, so a usability engineering lifecycle should be built around the concept of iteration [1]. The typical steps of iterative design in user interfaces are as follows: Complete an initial interface design Present the design to several test users Note any problems had by the test user Refine interface to account for/fix the problems Repeat steps 2-4 until user interface problems are resolved Iterative design in user interfaces can be implemented in many ways. One common method of using iterative design in computer software is software testing. While this includes testing the product for functionality outside of the user interface, important feedback on the interface can be gained from subject testing early versions of a program. This allows software companies to release a better quality product to the public, and prevents the need of product modification following its release. Iterative design in online(website) interfaces is a more continuous process, as website modification, after it has been released to the user, is far more viable than in software design. Often websites use their users as test subjects for interface design, making modifications based on recommendations from visitors to their sites.
- #41: Deltasenteret: Statens kompetansesenter for deltakelse og tilgjengelighet. Helsedirektoratet er eit fagdirektorat og myndigheitsorgan som ligg under Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet (HOD) og Barne- og likestillingsdepartementet (BLD). Publikasjon: Tilgjengelige nettsteder Leder:Toril Bergerud Buene IT Funk Maja Arnestad BITS med blant annet Sigrun Lurås Universell IKT Morten Tollefsen
- #42: www.universaldesigntoolkit.com
- #44: Gjentakende og tilbakevendende