Unix command quickref
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Files saved on central Unix systems at Indiana University are stored on a Network File System (NFS) which allows users to access their files from any system by using the appropriate directory path. For example, a user logged into the Steel system who wants to access their files on the EZinfo system would use the command "cd /N/u/username/Ezinfo/". This shared file system allows users to access their files from any central Unix system but users can only use software installed on the specific system they are logged into.
![Working with NFS files
Files saved on the UITS central Unix computers Chrome, Cobalt, Zinc, Steel, EZinfo, and
STARRS/SP are stored on the Network File Server (NFS). That means that your files are really
on one disk, in directories named for the central Unix hosts on which you have accounts.
No matter which of these computers you are logged into, you can get to your files on any of the
others. Here are the commands to use to get to any system directory from any other system:
cd /N/u/username/Chrome/
cd /N/u/username/Cobalt/
cd /N/u/username/Zinc/
cd /N/u/username/Steel/
cd /N/u/username/Ezinfo/
cd /n/u/username/SP/
Be sure you use the capitalization just as you see above, and substitute your own username for
username.
For example, if Jessica Rabbit is logged into her account on Steel, and wants to get a file on her
EZinfo account, she would enter:
cd /N/u/jrabbit/Ezinfo/
Now when she lists her files, she’ll see her EZinfo files, even though she’s actually logged into
Steel.
You can use the ordinary Unix commands to move files, copy files, or make symbolic links
between files. For example, if John Doe wanted to move “file1” from his Steel directory to his
EZinfo directory, he would enter:
mv -i /N/u/jdoe/Steel/file1 /N/u/jdoe/Ezinfo/
This shared file system means that you can access, for example, your Chrome files even when
you are logged into Cobalt, and vice versa. However, if you are logged into Chrome, you can
only use the software installed on Chrome —only users’ directories are linked together, not
system directories.
Unix commands
reference card
August 1998
b017.9808
To access this guide on the
World Wide Web, set your browser to
http//www.indiana.edu/~uitspubs/b017/
Abbreviations used in this pamphlet
Ctrl/x hold down control key and
press x
d directory
env environment
f filename
n number
nd computer node
var variable
[y/n] yes or no
[] optional arg
... list
I N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T Y I N F O R M A T I O N T E C H N O L O G Y S E R V I C E S](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unixcommandquickref-150511011516-lva1-app6891/85/Unix-command-quickref-1-320.jpg)
![Press RETURN at the end of each command, except those marked by an asterisk (*).
Environment Control
Command Description
cd d Change to directory d
mkdir d Create new directory d
rmdir d Remove directory d
mv f1 [f2...] d Move file f to directory d
mv d1 d2 Rename directory d1 as d2
passwd Change password
alias name1 name2 Create command alias
unalias name1 Remove command alias name1
rlogin nd Login to remote node
logout End terminal session
setenv name v Set env var to value v
unsetenv name1 name2...] remove environment variable
Output, Communication, & Help
Command Description
lpr -P printer f Output file f to line printer
script [f] Save terminal session to f
exit Stop saving terminal
session
mail username Send mail to user
biff [y/n] Instant notification of mail
man name UNIX manual entry for
name
learn Online tutorial
Process Control
Command Description
Ctrl/c * Interrupt processes
Ctrl/s * Stop screen scrolling
Ctrl/q * Resume screen output
sleep n Sleep for n seconds
jobs Print list of jobs
kill [%n] Kill job n
ps Print process status stats
kill -9 n Remove process n
Ctrl/z * Suspend current process
stop %n Suspend background job n
command& Run command in background
bg [%n] Resume background job n
fg [%n] Resume foreground job n
exit Exit from shell
Environment Status
Command Description
ls [d] [f...] List files in directory
ls -1 [f...] List files in detail
alias [name] Display command aliases
printenv [name] Print environment values
quota Display disk quota
date Print date & time
who List logged in users
whoami Display current user
finger [username] Output user information
chfn Change finger information
pwd Print working directory
history Display recent commands
! n Submit recent command n
File Manipulation
Command Description
vi [f] Vi fullscreen editor
emacs [f] Emacs fullscreen editor
ed [f] Text editor
wc f Line, word, & char count
cat f List contents of file
more f List file contents by screen
cat f1 f2 > f3 Concatenates f1 & f2 into f3
chmod mode f Change protection mode of f
cmp f1 f2 Compare two files
cp f1 f2 Copy file f1 into f2
sort f Alphabetically sort f
split [-n] f Split f into n-line pieces
mv f1 f2 Rename file f1 as f2
rm f Delete (remove) file f
grep ‘ptn’ f Outputs lines that match ptn
diff f1 f2 Lists file differences
head f Output beginning of f
tail f Output end of f
Compiler
Command Description
cc [-o f1] f2 C compiler
lint f Check C code for errors
f77 [-o f1] f2 Fortran77 compiler
pc [-o f1] f2 Pascal compiler](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unixcommandquickref-150511011516-lva1-app6891/85/Unix-command-quickref-2-320.jpg)
Unix command quickref
- 1. Working with NFS files Files saved on the UITS central Unix computers Chrome, Cobalt, Zinc, Steel, EZinfo, and STARRS/SP are stored on the Network File Server (NFS). That means that your files are really on one disk, in directories named for the central Unix hosts on which you have accounts. No matter which of these computers you are logged into, you can get to your files on any of the others. Here are the commands to use to get to any system directory from any other system: cd /N/u/username/Chrome/ cd /N/u/username/Cobalt/ cd /N/u/username/Zinc/ cd /N/u/username/Steel/ cd /N/u/username/Ezinfo/ cd /n/u/username/SP/ Be sure you use the capitalization just as you see above, and substitute your own username for username. For example, if Jessica Rabbit is logged into her account on Steel, and wants to get a file on her EZinfo account, she would enter: cd /N/u/jrabbit/Ezinfo/ Now when she lists her files, she’ll see her EZinfo files, even though she’s actually logged into Steel. You can use the ordinary Unix commands to move files, copy files, or make symbolic links between files. For example, if John Doe wanted to move “file1” from his Steel directory to his EZinfo directory, he would enter: mv -i /N/u/jdoe/Steel/file1 /N/u/jdoe/Ezinfo/ This shared file system means that you can access, for example, your Chrome files even when you are logged into Cobalt, and vice versa. However, if you are logged into Chrome, you can only use the software installed on Chrome —only users’ directories are linked together, not system directories. Unix commands reference card August 1998 b017.9808 To access this guide on the World Wide Web, set your browser to http//www.indiana.edu/~uitspubs/b017/ Abbreviations used in this pamphlet Ctrl/x hold down control key and press x d directory env environment f filename n number nd computer node var variable [y/n] yes or no [] optional arg ... list I N D I A N A U N I V E R S I T Y U N I V E R S I T Y I N F O R M A T I O N T E C H N O L O G Y S E R V I C E S
- 2. Press RETURN at the end of each command, except those marked by an asterisk (*). Environment Control Command Description cd d Change to directory d mkdir d Create new directory d rmdir d Remove directory d mv f1 [f2...] d Move file f to directory d mv d1 d2 Rename directory d1 as d2 passwd Change password alias name1 name2 Create command alias unalias name1 Remove command alias name1 rlogin nd Login to remote node logout End terminal session setenv name v Set env var to value v unsetenv name1 name2...] remove environment variable Output, Communication, & Help Command Description lpr -P printer f Output file f to line printer script [f] Save terminal session to f exit Stop saving terminal session mail username Send mail to user biff [y/n] Instant notification of mail man name UNIX manual entry for name learn Online tutorial Process Control Command Description Ctrl/c * Interrupt processes Ctrl/s * Stop screen scrolling Ctrl/q * Resume screen output sleep n Sleep for n seconds jobs Print list of jobs kill [%n] Kill job n ps Print process status stats kill -9 n Remove process n Ctrl/z * Suspend current process stop %n Suspend background job n command& Run command in background bg [%n] Resume background job n fg [%n] Resume foreground job n exit Exit from shell Environment Status Command Description ls [d] [f...] List files in directory ls -1 [f...] List files in detail alias [name] Display command aliases printenv [name] Print environment values quota Display disk quota date Print date & time who List logged in users whoami Display current user finger [username] Output user information chfn Change finger information pwd Print working directory history Display recent commands ! n Submit recent command n File Manipulation Command Description vi [f] Vi fullscreen editor emacs [f] Emacs fullscreen editor ed [f] Text editor wc f Line, word, & char count cat f List contents of file more f List file contents by screen cat f1 f2 > f3 Concatenates f1 & f2 into f3 chmod mode f Change protection mode of f cmp f1 f2 Compare two files cp f1 f2 Copy file f1 into f2 sort f Alphabetically sort f split [-n] f Split f into n-line pieces mv f1 f2 Rename file f1 as f2 rm f Delete (remove) file f grep ‘ptn’ f Outputs lines that match ptn diff f1 f2 Lists file differences head f Output beginning of f tail f Output end of f Compiler Command Description cc [-o f1] f2 C compiler lint f Check C code for errors f77 [-o f1] f2 Fortran77 compiler pc [-o f1] f2 Pascal compiler