Unix commands
- 1. Command Description cat Display File Contents cd ChangesDirectory to dirname chgrp change filegroup chmod Changing Permissions cp Copy source file into destination file Determine file type find Find files grep Search filesfor regular expressions. head Display first few linesof a file ln Create softlinkon oldname ls Display informationabout filetype. mkdir Create a new directory dirname more Display data in paginatedform. mv Move (Rename) a oldnameto newname. pwd Print current working directory. rm Remove (Delete) filename rmdir Delete an existing directory provided it isempty. tail Printslast few linesin a file. touch Update access and modification timeof a file. Manipulating data: The contentsof filescan be compared andalteredwith the followingcommands. Command Description awk Pattern scanning and processing language cmp Compare the contentsof two files comm Compare sorted data cut Cut out selected fieldsof each lineof a file diff Differential file comparator expand Expand tabsto spaces join Join fileson some commonfield perl Data manipulation language sed Stream text editor sort Sort file data split Split file into smaller files tr Translate characters uniq Report repeated linesin a file wc Count words, lines, and characters vi Opensvi text editor
- 2. Misc Commands: These commands listor alter information aboutthe system: Command Description chfn Change your finger information chgrp Change the group ownership ofa file chown Change owner date Print the date determin Automatically find terminal type du Print amountof disk usage echo Echo arguments to the standard options exit Quit the system finger Print information aboutlogged-in users groupadd Create a user group groups Show group memberships homequota Show quota and file usage iostat ReportI/O statistics kill Send a signal to a process last Show lastlogins ofusers logout log off UNIX lun Listuser names or login ID netstat Show network status passwd Change user password passwd Change your login password printenv Displayvalue of a shell variable ps Displaythe status ofcurrent processes ps Print process status statistics quota -v Displaydisk usage and limits reset Resetterminal mode script Keep scriptof terminal session script Save the outputof a command or process setenv Set environmentvariables stty Set terminal options time Time a command
- 3. top Displayall system processes tset Set terminal mode tty Print current terminal name umask Show the permissions thatare given to view files by default uname Displayname ofthe current system uptime Get the system up time useradd Create a user account users Print names oflogged in users vmstat Reportvirtual memorystatistics w Show what logged in users are doing who Listlogged in users Access Control exit - terminate a shell (see "man sh" or "man csh") logout - sign off; end session (C shell and bash shell only;) passwd - change login password rlogin - log in remotely to another UNIX system ssh - secure shell slogin - secure version of rlogin yppasswd - change login password in yellow pages Communications mail - send and receive mail mesg - permit or deny terminal messages and talk requests pine - send and receive mail talk - talk to another logged-in user write - write to another logged-in user Programming Tools as - assembler, specific to each machine architecture awk - pattern scanning and processing language Miscellaneous alias - define synonym commands chquota - change disk quota on ACITS UNIX systems chsh - change default login shell clear - clear terminal screen echo - echo arguments pbm - portable bitmap manipulation programs popd - pop the directory stack (C shell only) pushd - push directory on stack (C shell only) script - make typescript of terminal session setenv - set an environment variable (C shell only) stty - set terminal options News/Networks netstat - show network status rsh - run shell or command on another UNIX system ssh - secure-shell version of rsh Process Control bg - put suspended process into background fg - bring process into foreground
- 4. bc - online calculator cc - C compiler csh - C shell command interpreter dbx - source-level debugging program f77 - Fortran compiler gdb - GNU Project debugger gprof - display profile of called routines kill - kill a process ld - the UNIX loader lex - generate lexical analysis programs lint - check C source code make - maintain large programs maple - symbolic mathematics program math - symbolic mathematics program nice - run a command at low priority (see "man nice" or "man csh") nohup - run a command immune to hangups pc - Pascal compiler (xlp on ADS) perl - Popular script interpreter prof - display profile data python - Python programming language sh - Bourne shell command interpreter yacc - generate input parsing programs xcalc - graphical calulator under x Documentation apropos - locate commands by keyword lookup find - locate file (i.e. find . -name *.tex - print) info - start the info explorer program man - find manual information about commands whatis - describe what a command is whereis - locate source, binary, or man page for a program Editors emacs - screen-oriented text editor pico - screen-oriented text editor (renamed called nano) sed - stream-oriented text editor vi - full-screen text editor vim - full-screen text editor ("vi-improved") File and Directory Management cd - change working directory chmod - change the protection of a file or jobs - list processes ^y - suspend process at next input request ^z - suspend current process Status Information clock - determine processor time date - show date and time df - summarize free disk space du - summarize disk space used env - display environment finger - look up user information history - list previously issued commands last - indicate last login of users lpq - examine spool queue manpath - show search path for man pages printenv - print out environment ps - show process status pwd - print full pathname of working directory set - set shell variables (C shell, bash, or ksh) spend - lists year-to-date ACITS UNIX charges stty - set terminal options time - timing programs top - list top cpu processes uptime - show system load, how long system has been up w - show who is on system, what command each job is executing who - show who is logged onto the system whois - Internet user name directory service whoami - who owns the shell Image Processing gimp - photoshop type image processing program xfig - drawing program xv - image viewer xvscan - scan picture xpaint - paint program kpaint - kde paint program Sound mplayer - mpg player realplay - realaudio player timidity - midi to wav converter and player
- 5. directory chown - change owner (or group) of a file or directory chgrp - change group of a file or directory cmp - compare two files comm - select/reject lines common to two sorted files cp - copy files crypt - encrypt/decrypt files (CCWF only) diff - compare the contents of two ASCII files file - determine file type grep - search a file for a pattern gzip - compress or expand files ln - make a link to a file ls - list the contents of a directory lsof - list of open files mkdir - create a directory mv - move or rename files and directories pwd - show the full pathname of your working directory quota - display disk usage and limits rm - delete (remove) files rmdir - delete (remove) directories stat - status of file (i.e. last access) sync - flush filesystem buffers sort - sort or merge files tar - create or extract archives tee - copy input to standard output and other files tr - translate characters umask - change default file protections uncompress - restore compressed file uniq - report (or delete) repeated lines in a file wc - count lines, words, and characters in a file File Display and Printing cat - show the contents of a file; catenate files fold - fold long lines to fit output device head - show first few lines of a file lpq - examine the printer spooling queue lpr - print a file lprm - remove jobs from the printer spooling queue more - display a file, one screen at a time less - like more with more features xmms - mp3 player Text Processing abiword - open source word processor addbib - create or extend bibliographic database col - filter reverse line feeds diction - identify wordy sentences diffmk - mark differences between files dvips - convert TeX DVI files into PostScript explain - explain phrases found by diction program grap - pic preprocessor for drawing graphs hyphen - find hyphenated words ispell - check spelling interactively latex - format text in LaTeX (based on TeX) pdfelatex - latex with pdf output latex2html - Latex to html lookbib - find bibliography references macref - make cross-reference listing of nroff/troff macro files ndx - create a subject-page index for a document neqn - format mathematics with nroff nroff - format text for simple display pic - make simple pictures for troff input psdit - filter troff output for Apple LaserWriter ptx - make permuted index (not on CCWF) refer - insert references from bibliographic databases roffbib - run off bibliographic database sortbib - sort bibliographic database spell - find spelling errors ispell - interactive spell checker style - analyze surface characteristics of a document tbl - format tables for nroff/troff tex - format text tpic - convert pic source files into TeX commands wget - grab webpage X windows grabmode - info on screen: i.e. "1152x864" 51.213kHz/56.59Hz import - grab window (i.e. import ppm:- >out.ppm)
- 6. page - like "more", but prints screens top to bottom pr - paginate a file for printing tail - show the last part of a file zcat - display a compressed file xv - show print, manipulate images gv - show ps and pdf files xpdf = shopw pdf files (use gv) File Transfer ftp - transfer files between network hosts rsync - fast and flexible sync between computers scp - secure version of rcp xdpyinfo - number of colors xkill - kill xwindow xlock - lock screen xterm - xterminal xwininfo - information on open window Web html2ps - html to ps latex2html - latex to html translator lynx - text based webbrowser netscape - webbrowser sitecopy - sitecopy is for easily maintaining remote web sites. weblint - html sytax and style checker