Unlocking the Power of Quantum Computing dist.pdf
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The document discusses the potential and challenges of quantum computing in various fields such as agriculture, finance, and pharmaceuticals, highlighting specific optimization problems suitable for quantum algorithms. It explains concepts like qubits, optimization via quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), and mentions the different types of quantum hardware and programming libraries available. Furthermore, it emphasizes the integration of quantum computing with cloud services like AWS for practical applications and research advancements.
Unlocking the Power of Quantum Computing dist.pdf
- 1. 1 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | 1 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Unlocking the Power of Quantum Computing in Your Digital Journey Alex Coqueiro Director of Technology for Latin America, Canada and Caribbean AWS Public Sector Team @alexbcbr
- 2. 2 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | 2 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved |
- 3. 3 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Hard Problems to Solve Manufacture fertilizer with less energy Agriculture Model photosynthesis for cheaper solar cells, battery tech, materials for carbon capture Energy Time-to-market for new drugs, molecular simulation to find stable configurations Pharma Logistics Portfolio selection, risk management, trading decisions Finance Traffic routing, network optimization, manufacturing workflow
- 4. 4 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Quantum Computing A new paradigm for computation that leverages the laws of quantum physics Solve problems in novel ways and access a new class of problems Building these sensitive devices is a difficult scientific challenge
- 5. 5 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | 1. Quantum algorithms (Q-algorithms) are good for only some specific problems, epically for optimization: a. Machine learning eg. Traveling salesman problem(TSP), b. Financial eg. Which assets should be included in an optimum portfolio. 2. Chemistry: the binding energy of hydrogen chains (as large as H12), with 12 qubits and , involving up to 72 two-qubit gates. (Science 28 Aug 2020: Vol. 369, Issue 6507, pp. 1084-1089)
- 6. 6 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Optimizations problems Complexity Travelling Salesman Problem ~1080 possible routes to check 1078 is the number of atoms in the universe
- 7. 7 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Quantum building blocks: The qubit Qubits are quantum systems that: • Leverage new concepts like “Superposition” • Can be made to work together (Entanglement, Interference) • Example of qubits: Atoms, molecules, Photons (light) Not the only approach • Qumode: continuous quantum state (Borealis device) • Implementation of GBS (Gaussian Boson Sampling) Bloch sphere (abstract representation of a qubit) | ⟩ 0 | ⟩ 1
- 8. 8 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Quantum Computation Time Quantum processing unit (QPU) qubit control qubit
- 9. 9 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | © 2019, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Demo: Let’s leverage Quantum Computing to Save Lifes
- 10. 10 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved |
- 11. 11 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Solving QUBO problems on quantum hardware Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) Optimization minimize/maximize Y = X i,j Qi,jXiXj = X> QX, where Xi 2 0, 1 and Qi,j 2 R <latexit sha1_base64="o/DFK8980QE1otCGbE2O3cyVjiM=">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</latexit> TWO SUBPROBLEMS: Reduction: Map the problem onto a QUBO Embedding: Embed QUBO onto a Chimera or Pegasus graph (lower connectivity) NP-hard!
- 12. 12 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Near-term approaches to quantum optimization EXAMPLE: In the near-term many problems can be formulated in terms of: Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) Need to understand the QUBO formalism and mapping Solve QUBO problems with quantum hardware and physics-based methods Option pricing Portfolio optimization Candidate drug selection Vehicle routing Oil & Gas reservoir simulation Manufacturing logistics EXAMPLE USE CASES minimize/maximize Y = X i,j Qi,jXiXj = X> QX, where Xi 2 0, 1 and Qi,j 2 R <latexit sha1_base64="o/DFK8980QE1otCGbE2O3cyVjiM=">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</latexit> Optimization
- 13. 13 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | 1 2 4 3 5
- 14. 14 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Quantum Computers Hardware Superconducting circuits Trapped ions gate-based annealing Photonics
- 15. 15 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Libraries for Quantum Programming https://pennylane.ai/qml Across-platform Python library for differentiable programming of quantum computers. Train a quantum computer the same way as a neural network.
- 16. 16 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Provide expert guidance Practical and cross-discipline support and collaboration Democratize quantum computing Fully managed service that makes it easy to explore and experiment covering aspects of Design, Test and Run Push the boundaries Research quantum algorithms and hardware Quantum Computing + Cloud Computing John Preskill (NISQ paper), California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
- 17. 17 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Users Managed simulator Amazon CloudWatch (notifications) Quantum hardware AWS Cloud Amazon Braket Amazon Braket Console Braket SDK Local IDE Managed notebooks Amazon S3 (results storage) AWS Identity and Access Management (permissions) AWS Key Management Service (data protection) D-Wave IonQ Rigetti Hybrid algorithms Classical compute Amazon Braket is fully integrated in AWS
- 18. 18 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved |
- 19. 19 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Left: Unoptimized situation under consideration of cars causing traffic jam in the network. Right: Optimized redistributed cars using qbsolv. Note that the areas in red, which indicate high traffic density, are mostly absent from the right picture. Traffic Flow Optimization Using a Quantum Annealer Source by Volkswagen Group, United States & Volkswagen Data:Lab, Germany
- 20. 20 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | Source: Quantum Shuttle: Traffic Navigation with Quantum Computing , Jun 2020, arxiv 2006.14162 1. Plot the custom routes provided by the QWS and initiate turn-by-turn navigation with voice instructions every 30 seconds. 2. Live traffic services provider from HERE 3. construct the traffic flow optimization QUBO problem, then stored in the database using MongoDB 4. Send to QPU to get traffic-aware candidate routes Final selection of bus lines for the Web Summit Quantum Shuttle service: black, blue, green, red.
- 21. 21 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | We have algorithms for the long haul S O M E WE L L - K N O WN Q U A N T U M A L G O R I T H M S : Number theory Factoring Discrete log Subset sum Cryptanalysis … Oracular Search Hidden subgroup Hidden shift Order finding … Simulation/ approximation Knot invariants QAOA SDPs Direct simulation … Optimization Constraint satisfaction Solving linear systems Machine learning Solving ODEs, PDEs … These algorithms will be useful when we have a universal fault tolerant quantum computer, and they can be applied to a variety of use cases
- 22. 22 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | What can be done with Quantum Computing Today › Design and test solutions › Run hybrid classical/quantum workflows › Proof of concept projects › Push boundaries of classical methods Tomorrow › Larger applications › Demonstration of commercially relevant quantum advantage › Full, fault tolerant quantum computation
- 23. 23 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | © 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Resources ⟩ Tips for getting started on Quantum Computing with Amazon Braket: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/quantum-computing/setting-up- your-local-development-environment-in-amazon-braket ⟩ Example notebooks and demos: https://github.com/aws/amazon-braket-examples
- 24. 24 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | 24 © 2022 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved | thanQ Alex Coqueiro Director of Technology for Latin America, Canada and Caribbean AWS Public Sector @alexbcbr