UPGRADING COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE COLUMN USING FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3833
UPGRADING COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE COLUMN USING
FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER
Rushikesh D. Hingmire [1], Samadhan D. Sawant [2], Prof.R.B. Ghogare[3] Mansi R. Kadam[4]
[1], [2], [4] BE Student (BE-Civil Engineering)
[3] Professor (BE-Civil Engineering Department)
[1][2][3][4] S.B.Patil College Of Engineering , Indapur , Maharashtra [India]
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Abstract-
The use of externally wrapped fiber-reinforced polymers
(FRP) has become very much popular for civil engineering
applications. The Carbon fiber reinforced polymer has
significantly increased the strength and ductility of concrete
by forming perfect adhesive bond between concrete and the
wrapping material. The main objective of this project is to
study the effect of reinforced concrete column wrapped with
FRPC on split or indirect tensile strength and compressive
strength parameter. The experiment will includes number of
concrete specimens which will consist of unwrapped and
wrapped column .The study will be establish through the
results in terms of compressive and tensile strength. The
results will show that for concrete specimens the CFRP
increase the compressive strength when compared to
unwrapped concrete column.
Keywords: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,Ductility,
Concrete Column , Split Tensile Strength, Compressive
Strength.
1. INTRODUCTION
Throughout the world many reinforced concrete structures
such as bridges and buildingshaveworsenandbecameweak
to such a degree that strengthening such structures or
reducing the load on them is becomingimportanttoincrease
their life. In the past, various methods have been used to
supporting bridges and other types of structures.
Traditionally, structural repairing or restrengthening has
been accomplished by methods such as introducing
additional beams to the structure or by strengthening
existing beams with externally post-pensioned cables. In
recent years, mechanical attachment of steel plates placed
around the inadequate member has been developed to
repair many structures. The useofsuchtechniquetoprovide
lateral strengthening to the concrete in compression have
been studied extensively, and have shown to increase the
compression, load carrying capacity and ductility of the
concrete columns. However, the use of steel plateshasmany
disadvantages, such as corrosion, difficulty in handling the
plates, deterioration of the bond at the steel–concrete
interface and the requirement of massive scaffolding during
installation.
1.1 General
Fibers
Fibers occupy the largest part in a FRPC and bear the major
amount of the load acting on a composite structure. The
reinforcing fibers can be arranged during fabrication; thus
composites can be made to meet increased load demands in
specific directions. The major fibers in use today are glass,
carbon (graphite), and aramid.
A)Glass Fiber-Glass fiber is the most common fiber used in
FRPCs because its low cost, high strength, high chemical
resistance, and good insulating properties. Despite being
widely used in marine applications,glassfiberissubjectedto
strength loss under moisture and load.Themaintypesare E-
glass (also called “fiberglass”) and S-glass. The E in E-glass
stands for electrical as it was originally designed for
electrical application. However, it is used for many other
purposes now such as decoration and structural application.
The S in S-glass stands for higher contents of silica. It retains
its strength at higher temperature and has higher fatigue
strength, but it is more expensive than E-glass. The glass
fibers are usually used for confinement of columns and for
improvement in ductility.
B)Carbon (graphite) Fiber-Carbon/graphite fibers have
very high specific stiffness, specific ultimate strength and
high fatigue strength. Another very unique advantage of
carbon fibers is the very low and negative coefficient of
thermal expansion. That is why a graphite/epoxy composite
can have a very low Coefficient of thermal expansion. The
disadvantages include very high cost (10 times of glass
fibers), low impact resistance and high electric conductivity.
Differences between carbon fiber and graphite fiber are in
the carbon content (93%-95% versus >99%) and in the
required manufacturing temperature (1300°C versus
1900°C).
C)Aramid Fiber (Kevlar)-Aramid fiber (Kevlar) is a kind of
polymer made of carbon, hydrogen,oxygen,andnitrogen. Its
advantages are low density, high tensile strength, low cost,
and high impact resistance. However, its compressive
strength is only about 20% of the tensile strength. Hence ,
composites containing aramid fibers are not recommended
for structural applications involvinghighcompressiveloads.

Another drawback of aramid fiber is degradation under
sunlight.
Objectives:
1) To study the effect of FRPC on Column by Compressive
Strength and Tensile Strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.
2) To check the behavior of unwrapped conventional
reinforced concrete columns and FRPC wrapped reinforced
concrete columns.
3) To check economic analysis of FRPC with Normal
Concrete.
1.2 Scope and objectives:
The main objective of project work is to study the effectof
reinforced concretecolumnsconfined withFRPConstrength
parameter. The experimental program included number of
reinforced concrete specimens which consisted of
unwrapped and wrapped circular shape. The effect study is
established through the results in terms of the ultimateaxial
strength, axial and lateral strain. The experimental results
showed that for reinforced concrete specimens the shapes
significantly increase the confinement effectiveness when
compared with wrapped concrete column specimens.
1.2 Discussion
This paper aims to present literature relevant to
assessment of CFRP and its impact on the Mechanical
Properties of Concrete. This paper will study the effect of
CFRP on the Compressive strength, Split tensile strength of
the concrete.
Therefore, the study of CFRP is having crucial importance.
After some years the bond between beam and column, the
strength of beam and column reduces over period of time
And the failure or settlement of structure occurs. To
Overcome this problem the strengthening of beam and
column connection is necessary.
2. Procedure -
A)Mix Design - The mix design for M20 concrete cube is
done and the ratio of 1:1.5:3 is fixed for testing of cubes.
Water absorption, Specific gravity Tests were conducted on
fine aggregate and coarse aggregate and the mix design was
determined.
B)Collection of Material - According to mix design the
quantity of required material such as cement,fineaggregate,
coarse aggregate, water and FRPC sheet is collected in
required amount by conducting test on cement, on fine and
coarse aggregate specific gravity test, water absorption test.
Cement:
Type Of Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement grade: 53
Brand of Cement: Ultra Tech Cement
A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that
sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them
together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to
bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed
with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with
sand and gravel, produces concrete. Concrete is the most
widely used material in existence and is behind only water
as the planets most consumed resource.
Table 2.1: Properties of Cement
Sr. No. Property Value
1 Consultancy 37%
2 Specific Gravity 3.2
3 Initial Setting Time 30 Min
4 Final Setting Time 600 Min
5 Fineness By Sieving 1 % residue
6 Soundness 1.5 mm
Aggregate:
Concrete aggregates are composed of geological materials
such as gravel, sand and crushed rock. The size of the
particles determines whether it is a coarse aggregate (e.g.
gravel) or a fine aggregate (e.g. sand). Theresultingconcrete
can be used in its natural state or crushed, according to its
use and application. Aggregate materials help to make
concrete mixes more compact. They also decrease the
consumption of cement and water and contribute to the
mechanical strength of the concrete, making them an
indispensable ingredient in the construction and
maintenance of rigid structures.
Table 2.2: Properties of Aggregate
Sr. No. Property Value
1 Specific Gravity 2.65 %
2 Water Absorption 2.05 %
3 Fineness Modulus 1.62
CFRP:
CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) are extremely
strong and light fiber reinforced plastics that containcarbon
fibers. CFRPs can be expensive to produce, but are

commonly used wherever high strength-to-weight ratioand
stiffness (rigidity) are required, such as aerospace,
superstructure of ships, automotive,civil engineering,sports
equipment, and an increasing number of consumer and
technical applications. The life span of FRPC sheet is
generally 40-50 years.
Table 2.3: Properties of CFRP
Sr. NO. Property Value
1 Density 1.9 – 2.1 gm/cm3
2 Tensile Strength 3430 Mpa
3 Young’s Modulus 392 – 784 Gpa
4 Elongation 0.4 – 1.5 %
5 CoefficientofThermal
Expansion
-1.2 to -0.1 x 106/
0C
C)Casting Cube / Cylinder - The Material collectedismixed
by using tilting mixer and casting of cubes is done following
workability test such as slump cone test, compaction factor
test.
Slump cone test: After mixing of cement, fine aggregate
coarse aggregate and water according to mix design,themix
is filled in slump cone measuring 30cm height, 10cm top
diameter and 20cm bottom diameterinthreelayerstamping
each layer 25 times. After filling the slump itispickedupand
the settlement of concrete is measured from top of slump
cone and workability of mix is determined.
D)Curing for 7, 14, 21, 28, Days - The cubes are kept in
water for curing of 7,14,21,28 days period at room
temperature.
E) Wrapping of FRPC Sheets - After curing of cubes is
completed three cubes are wrapped with FRPC sheets and
three cubes are kept unwrapped.
3. Result
Testing and Comparing between Wrapped and
Unwrapped.
The cubes both wrapped and unwrapped are undergone
compressive strength test on CTM (Compression Testing
Machine) after 7,14,21,28 days and the behavior of those
cube with respect to compressive force acting on them is
compared.
Table 3.1: Compressive Strength of M20 grade of Concrete
Sr.
No.
Day
Dimension
(mm)
Compressive Strength Mpa
Without Wrap With Wrap
1. 7th 150x150x150
18.70
18.68
22.60
22.69
19.21 23.01
18.15 22.47
2. 14th 150x150x150
22.61
22.78
27.53
27.36
23.30 26.90
22.45 27.65
3. 21th 150x150x150
25.15
25.24
30.52
31.03
24.90 31.63
25.68 30.94
4. 28th 150x150x150
27.82
27.44
33.12
33.92
26.98 33.59
27.53 35.07
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
7 Days 14 Days 21 Days 28 Days
Wrapped
Unwrapped
Graph 3.1 Comparison between wrapped and unwrapped
concrete cubes
The Increase in the compressive strength of the wrapped
column with respect to unwrapped columnisabout20-25 %
according to readings taken.

Values of Split Tensile Strength
Table 3.2: Split tensile Strength of M20 grade of Concrete
Sr.
No.
Day
Dimension
(mm)
Split Tensile Strength Mpa
Without Wrap With Wrap
1. 7th 150x150x150
2.70
2.35
3.60
3.36
2.21 3.01
2.15 3.47
2. 14th 150x150x150
3.39
3.41
4.15
4.14
3.48 4.10
3.38 4.18
3. 21th 150x150x150
3.80
3.79
4.57
4.65
3.73 4.74
3.85 4.64
4. 28th 150x150x150
4.17
4.11
4.96
5.08
4.04 5.03
4.12 5.26
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 Days 14 Days 21 Days 28 Days
Wrapped
Unwrapped
Graph 3.2 Comparison between Split Tensile Strength of
wrapped and unwrapped concrete cubes
The Increase in the Split Tensile strength of the wrapped
column with respect to unwrapped columnisabout20-25 %
according to readings taken.
3. Conclusion
From above test it is observed that the compressivestrength
of column on 7th , 14th, 21st and 28th day is increased by
20-25 % and the split tensile strength is increased by 20-22
%
By using FRPC Sheets , strength parameters such as
Compressive strength and Indirect or Split Tensile Strength
Gets Increased.
4. Future Scope
By using FRPC sheets the Strength ParametersareIncreased
. So it will be helpful to retrofit the structure subjected to
failure . The Strength of Structures which are subjected to
Heavy load can also Increased by this technique.
Also If the Limitations for area or reinforcements then using
FRPC sheet will increase the strength with lesser area or
reinforcement .
CFRP wraps can be used for corrosion control and
construction of earthquake resistant structures.
4. REFERENCES
[1] Khalid KarimSadhan, Mohammed Jassam Mohammed
and Awad Ali Sagheer. Accepted 1 july 1994”Strength
and Ductility of Concrete Columns Externally Reinforce
with Composites ACI Structural Journal, 91(1994), pp.
434-447.
[2] Abhijt Mukherjee and Mangesh. V. Joshi . accepted may
1997 . “Behavior of Concrete ColumnsConfinedbyFiber
Composites", ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering,
123(1997), pp. 583-590
[3] P. Sadeghian, A.H. Shekari and F. Mousavi, Accepted
1999 "Confinement of Reinforced Concrete Columns
with Fiber-Reinforced Composite Sheets - An
Experimental Stuly Canadian Journal of Civil
Engineering, 26(1999), pp. 226-2412
[4] P. Feng, X. Z. Lu & L. P. Ye, 2 November 2003"Behaviorof
Externally Confined High-Strength Concrete Columns
under Eccentric Loading", Composites Structures,
62(2003), pp. 145-153.
[5] Khaled Abdel Rahman and Raafat El-Hacha,Accepted
January 2003 "Strength and Strain Capacities of
Concrete Compression Members Reinforced with FRP",
Cement & Concrete Composites, 25(2003), pp. 31-41.
[6] P.Sangeetha and R.Sumathi, 1 February 2006"Circular
Columns Confined With FRP Experimental Versus
Predictions of Models and Guidelines". ASCE Journal of
Composites for Construction, 10(1)(2006), pp. 4-12.

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