Use of Drone for Efficient Water Management – A Case Study of Crop Assessment
- 1. 1 PRAVIN KOLHE, Superintending Engineer, Water Resources Department, Government of Maharashtra
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- 3. 3 Drone: Is an unmanned aircraft; Known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) Is a remotely controlled flying robot flies through software-controlled flight plans Works along with onboard sensors & GPS Types: Fixed Wings Rotary
- 4. 4 Progress Monitoring, exact measurement & Quality Monitoring Inspection of Dams, Canals, Structures – hazardous / unsafe / inaccessible areas Survey – including contour survey, linear survey 3D Modelling Underwater Surveillance – Inspection of gates, trash rack
- 5. 5 Crop Identification & Crop Growth Monitoring Crop Yield Estimates, Threat Identification, Crop Insurance Pesticides Spraying Environmental Monitoring Detecting illegal Land Use change and encroachment in acquired land Simply obtain Areal View
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- 7. 7 Water is supplied to farmers through canals and it is charged – Volumetric Basis (Where there are WUA) Area & Crop Basis (Individual Farmer) Irrigation revenue is based on crop area and also type of crop. It is necessary to have accurate estimation of Crop Area and Type of Crop. O&M is to be done from Irrigation & NI revenue, it is necessary to have correct assessment of revenue 415 750 4710 Kharip Seasonal Crops Rabbi Seasonal Crops Perennial Crops (Sugarcane, Banana)
- 8. 8 • Outdated, human centric, time consuming, manual errors possible, non-transparent, no evidence, no verification Human Centric measurement • Advanced, fast but not accurate, delay in getting images, issues in cloudy weather, field truthing necessary Satellite Based measurement • Advanced but human centric, time consuming, manual error possible, no evidence and no verification DGPS Based measurement • Advanced, fast, accurate, minimum manpower required, non-human centric, transparent, evidence based, verification enabled. Drone Survey
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- 10. 10 1 • Selection of Area of Survey and Estimate 2 • Flight Planning 3 • Drone Survey 4 • Image Processing, creating orthomossaic & geo- referncing 5 • Superimposing Village Map 6 • Area Assessment & Crop Identification 7 • Data Entry in Assessment Form No. 12
- 11. 11 Identify area on Google Earth Mark Command as well as uncommand Area (Green Cover) Using Tool of measurement measure area.
- 12. 12 Flight planning is done such that entire area is covered with optimum travel time. Image Resolution=2cm Flying height Flight Speed Area to be surveyed in a day Overlaps: 40% on all sides Flight Route
- 13. 13 Setting of GCP – For x,y,z accuracy (upto 5 cm) Start Drone Flight Monitor progress /change flight plan via flight control software Automated landing as per defined landing zone
- 14. 14 Import Images Images are geo- tagged according to flight log. Generate orthomosaics using photogrammetry software
- 15. 15 Obtain Digital village maps from Settlement Commissioner Superimpose and georeferencing Identification & Demarcation of Canal Network, roads, etc.
- 16. 16 Using software identify area of each survey number. Using high resolution image identify crop Survey No: 302, Area = 2.49 ha Crop = Maize
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- 18. 18 Estimate & Tendering • 1 Month Drone Survey • 500 ha/day/drone • 1 lakh ha = 20 days with 10 drones Processing & Superimposin g • 10 days Preparation of Assessment Form No. 12 • 15 Days Rate = Rs. 156 per ha Timeline = 2.5 months for 1 Lakh ha
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- 30. 30 Sr. No. Project Command Area as per Project Report (ha) Area Assessed through Drone Survey(ha) Area Irrigated in Last Year (ha) Percentage increase in area (%) 1) Dhom Irrigation Project 32,925 34,728 10,805 221% 2) Kaner Irrigation Project 24,317 20,828 10,643 96% 3) KT Weirs-Wang & other 11,401 12,531 2,759 354% 4) KT Weirs on Koyna River 10,477 11,133 4,853 55% Total 79,120 78,220 30,143 166% Net increase in Area = 50,160 In addition to above, about 2 Lakh ha area is surveyed through drone and results are aw
- 31. 31 Improved accuracy of crop area measurement & assessment – Resulting in higher revenue. Adherence to irrigation scheduling & reduced theft of water- “Big Boss” is watching Real Time control on Irrigation Rotation, Control on unauthorized water use & Control on filed staff Area irrigated outside of command and on backwater-Detailed information for policy decisions is in hand Bring transparency and accountability and thereby improving water use efficiency & increase in revenue. Solution for manpower crunch (outsourcing) Preservation of data for future use & capturing of evidence Data can be shared for other uses like crop insurance etc.
- 32. 32 Drone Survey is cost effective, efficient, speedy technique of survey. It shall be carried out at periodical interval to identify change in land use pattern. System shall be developed to preserve Drone Survey data from various agencies The challenge of preserving & accessing huge data need to be resolved. Survey needs to be carried out in accordance with latest Government policies without violating privacy & encroachment in prohibited areas.
- 33. 33 Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nations Publication on “e- Agriculture in Action: Drones for Agriculture” http://www.fao.org/3/I8494E N/i8494en.pdf
- 34. PRAVIN KOLHE, Superintending Engineer, Water Resources Department, Government of Maharashtra email: pravinkolhe82@gmail.com Mob: +91-8806 999 777