Using Grammatical Signals in Developing Ideas.pptx
- 2. GUESS THE ROAD SIGN Ice-breaker
- 3. NO U-TURN
- 5. NO PARKING
- 6. TURN LEFT
- 7. Using Grammatical Signals in Developing Ideas Grade 8-English
- 8. GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS Grammatical signals are writing devices that serve to maintain text coherence. (Saraka, 1988:111). They signal the relationship between new sentences and the one before it and they are also important writing devices in text construction. They can be divided into two (2) types: sentence connectors and clause connectors.
- 9. SENTENCE CONNECTORS are used to link two sentences using grammatical signals or a semicolon. Example: James already knows the title of the song. He downloaded its lyrics. Possible answers: James already knows the title of the song; he downloaded its lyrics. James already knows the title of the song, so he downloaded its lyrics.
- 10. CLAUSE CONNECTORS are used to connect two clauses to form a sentence. They are joined by a comma. Example: I want to buy a phone, but I didn’t bring enough money. He went to London and visited the Lords.
- 11. “ ” Grammatical signals differ according to the development of the idea the writer wants. The following examples illustrate the appropriate use of grammatical signals in combining sentences. • General to particular • Claim and counterclaim • Problem-solution • Compare and contrast • Continuation signals • Cause and effect
- 12. 1. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR This uses specific details in writing where a topic sentence or a general idea is followed by the supporting details. The color of the metal changes when its temperature changes. When metals become very hot, it begins to glow. First, a metal will glow a dull red color. Then, when the metals become hotter, it changes to a bright red hot. At higher temperatures, it becomes yellow and finally white. topic sentence supporting details
- 13. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR Word signals for general to particular: first, second, third next then first of all last lastly after that now finally
- 14. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR Example: The teaching of English 8 is not limited to the discussion of literature in Africa and Asia. First of all, a brief historical background about the countries is discussed. Then, some interesting facts about the countries are introduced. Next, various songs from each country are also taught. Lastly, literary pieces are tackled.
- 15. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR Example: The teaching of English 8 is not limited to the discussion of literature in Africa and Asia. First of all, a brief historical background about the countries is discussed. Then, some interesting facts about the countries are introduced. Next, various songs from each country are also taught. Lastly, literary pieces are tackled.
- 16. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR Example: The teaching of English 8 is not limited to the discussion of literature in Africa and Asia. First of all, a brief historical background about the countries is discussed. Then, some interesting facts about the countries are introduced. Next, various songs from each country are also taught. Lastly, literary pieces are tackled.
- 17. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR Example: The teaching of English 8 is not limited to the discussion of literature in Africa and Asia. First of all, a brief historical background about the countries is discussed. Then, some interesting facts about the countries are introduced. Next, various songs from each country are also taught. Lastly, literary pieces are tackled.
- 18. 2. CLAIM AND COUNTERCLAIM The word claim refers to your opinion about something based on what you know or what you have studied. Example: Succulents are just easy to take care of because they can survive even with only a little amount of water supply. Also, they can be left any time of the day under the sun.
- 19. CLAIM AND COUNTERCLAIM Meanwhile, the word counterclaim is something that contradicts the claim. It further challenges the opinion. Example: While majority have found out that the succulents are just easy to take care of, some still think that they have to exert more effort in taking care of them. Yes, they can be given only a little amount of water, however, one should also be careful not to put water on their leaves, or else, they will turn yellow. Not all succulents want to be placed under the sun. In fact, some just want to be in a bright shaded area.
- 20. CLAIM AND COUNTERCLAIM Word signals used in making counterclaims: It may be true that…but but while some have found out that… while some may argue yet although it is reasonable…yet Yes, some might say that… however It is easy to think that…but
- 21. 3. PROBLEM-SOLUTION This provides corresponding remedy to a conflict. This allows the writers to think of possible solutions to certain problems being encountered in everyday life. Words signal used for problem-solution: PROBLEM SOLUTION One reason for the… A solution is… A problem arises when… One answer is… The problem is… An answer to this is… This is a problem because… This can be solved by… The issue being tackled is… One way to resolve this is…
- 22. PROBLEM-SOLUTION Example: Nowadays, one challenge being dealt by parents is the addiction to online games of their children. Some even skip meals because they are engrossed in playing. One way to resolve this is for the parents to give a certain time for the children to be allowed to play the games, and that they should be strict about it.
- 23. 4. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST When writers compare, they show the similarities between two subjects. When they contrast, the differences between two subjects are featured. Example: Let us compare and contrast face-to-face learning versus modular/TV learning. We can list down the things they have in common and the things wherein they differ.
- 24. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES lessons are aided by reading materials students can browse the internet while studying to clarify the lessons; students might not understand some key points lessons are discussed by elders parents discuss lessons for their children; discussion in the television is provided activities for the lessons are provided no teacher supervises while students answer projects are still given no group projects this time teachers can still meet students only virtual meetings allowed
- 25. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST Word signals for comparing and contrasting: Examples: a. Face-to-face learning, as well as the modular learning, uses reading materials in dealing with the lessons. (comparing) COMPARE CONTRAST is/are similar as/are different from as well as on the other hand just like compared with in the same way but, yet, while, although just like unlike
- 26. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST b. The lessons are discussed by elders to the learners; however, instead of teachers discussing the lessons in face- to-face learning, parents’ guide the learners this time in the modular learning. (contrasting) c. Just like in the face-to-face learning, a teacher discusses the lessons in the televisionaided instruction. Unlike face- to-face learning where the teacher is physically present in the classroom, the learners only watch on a television while a teacher discusses in the television-aided learning. (comparing and contrasting)
- 27. 5. CONTINUATION SIGNALS They tell that the writer’s idea is going to continue in the same direction. Information related to the idea presented is added whenever these signals are used. Word signals that add to the ideas: also another in addition moreover furthermore as a matter of fact
- 28. 5. CONTINUATION SIGNALS Examples: South Korea is known as the “Land of the Morning Calm” because of its picturesque landscape. Moreover, it boasts of its captivating mountains, clear waters, and serenity especially in the morning. Pampanga is known for its beautiful lanterns and delicious food. As a matter of fact, it’s known as the “Culinary Arts and Christmas Capital of the Philippines”.
- 29. 6. CAUSE AND EFFECT In simple words, a cause is the reason why something happened, and the effect is the result of that action. Signal words for cause and effect: CAUSE EFFECT because/because of as a result since/if then/so due to therefore caused by for this reason for this led to
- 30. 6. CAUSE AND EFFECT Examples: (cause-effect) Since the students are not required to be physically present in school, new students will not be buying new sets of uniforms yet. (effect-cause) New students will not be buying new sets of uniforms yet since they are not required to be physically present in school.
- 31. Read and analyze the following sentences. Afterwards, list down five grammatical signals used in each sentence. Write your answers on your answer sheet. It is easy to think that working from home is much comfortable than working in an office/school, but many think otherwise. As a matter of fact, a work-from-home setup is much more difficult and costly. First of all, one has to have a laptop. Next, a fast internet access is a must. Then, a printer should be ready all the time. Lastly, a smart phone should always be available just in case the laptop shuts itself off.