Utilization Of Seaweeds
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Seaweed has many uses including in food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizer. It is rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. In food, various species are used to make products like nori, kombu, and wakame that are eaten in Japan and other Asian countries. Seaweed is also processed into colloids like agar, algin, and carrageenan that find applications in food, cosmetics, textiles and other industries due to their gelling and thickening properties. Seaweed further provides nutrients and helps soil quality when used as fertilizer.
Utilization Of Seaweeds
- 1. Fish Byproduct and Waste Utilization Submitted To:- Dr. J. B. Solanki Departmentof FPT, College of Fisheries sci., Veraval Submitted By:- Jayesh Mer Roll No : 28 Registration No : 3030317033 Semester : 6th
- 2. An Assignment on Utilization of seaweeds
- 3. Seaweed Seaweed are the only source for the manufacturereof collids like agar, algin and carrageenan. Which are used in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. See weed are reach in protein, vitamin, minerals and trace elements. They are use as Food, Fertilizerand recentlyas a source of drugs and therapeutically importantsubstances. In Indiaabout 720 species of see weed is available of which 60 are commercially important.
- 4. Continue... Marine microalgae wich is properly term as seed weed belong to the primative group of non flowering plant known as a Thallophyta. They are autotrophic plant and grow in the intertidal and subtitle region of the sea. They grow abundantlywherever rocky or coral substratum is available for their attachmentwith the help of rhizoidsor holdfast. Forcenturies Seaweed of various kind have been put into use in the South and SoutheastAsian countries.
- 5. Continue... In IndiaThere more than 60 seaweed industriesand are involved in productionof agar alginate. Many more industry arealso coming up. There is growing awarenessand ethusiasm among the private sector to develop see weed industryin ourcountry, although it is cantered at present in the productionof agar and algin only. The utilisationof edible is particularly nil.
- 7. Seaweed as food The sea weeds are also used as food in the regions of Far East and Australia. The inhabitantsof the Hawaii island consume large quantitiesof sea weeds. The indigenouspeople of chile use large quantities of Durvillea antarcticaand some species of Ulva. Its known that about 1,000 tonnesof see weed are eaten annually in japan in the name Norri, Kambu(konbu)and wakame.
- 8. Continue... See weed are reach source in protein, vitamin, amino acid, growth hormone, minerals and other trace elements. Hypothyroidism (Goitre) can be cured and intake of iodine reach see weed like Asparagopsistcudjirmis, Sarconema Spp. etc..
- 9. Nori Nori is the name of various edible productsderived from Porphyraafter processing. Nori is prepared by harvesting Porphyra, pounded, washed with water, drained chopped and finally mixed with fresh water before being spread on bamboo mats for drying. When dried thin Sheet of nori are obtained this are pressed flat, stored , bundled and packed for marketing. Nori is use as flavouring agents in soups, souces, in broths or even soaked in soyabeansoucesand eaten with boiled rice.
- 10. Continue..... The food value of nori lies in its high protein content (25- 35% of dryweight), vitamins and mineral salts, especially iodine. Its vitamin C contentis about 1.5 times that of oranges and 75% of the protein and carbohydratesare digestible by humans. Nori is also used in well known dishes- tempura and sushi.
- 12. Kombu Kombu is prepared from Laminaria. After harvesting and drying the laminaria is separated from stipe and holdfast are sorted for quality and sent to kambu factories. Kambu is used as Soupstock, boiled vegetables, snake pr seasoning for rice dishes (as a Curry leaves are used in india)
- 13. Wakam Wakam has become more popular in recent times. It is made from large brown see weed Undariapinnatiflda Undaria is processed as Wakam by Washing, desalting and drying. Desalting is achieved by boiling with water. Wakam in popularly known in the formsof roasted or sugar candied products.
- 14. Salad Following seaweed are used for making salads either singly or combinationof two or three seaweeds. Caulerpa racemosa, Caulerpa sertularioides, Codium spp., Gracilaria confervoides, Gracilaria eucheumoides, Hydroclathrusclathratus, Laurenciapapillosa and Porphyra spp.
- 15. Seaweed masala Fresh seaweed, Ulva lactuca 200g (Washed and clean) Cut onion and green seaweeds into peace and garnish them in low fire with oil, mustered and curry leaves. When about to turn grey add the powder, salt, ginger and tomato peace and mix well.
- 16. Agar Best agar is manufactured from Gelidium of Rhodophyceae, which is also called vegetative agar, Japan produces the largest quantity of agar. In food technology agar is use forgelling and thickening in the confectioneryand bakery industries,as a stabilizerfor the preparation of cheese and for salad dressings. In fish and meat processing industries,agar is applied for canned products, as a protecting coating against the effects of metal containersand against shaking during transportof this products.
- 17. Continue... Agar is also used as clarifying agents for wines, beers and liquors. In pharmaceutical industry agaris used as laxative for chronicconstipation,as a drug vehicle and as a substratum for bacterial and fungal cultures. Agar is an ion exchangerand is used in the manufactureof ion exchange resins. In cosmetic industryagar serves as a constituentof skin creams and ointments. Agar is also employed in paper and textile industriesas a finishing and sizing agents.
- 19. Alginic acid In pharmaceutical industryalginic acid is used as emulsifiers In wateryemulsionswith fats, oils arid waxes, as fillers in the manufacture 'of tablets, pills and as base of any ointments,'alginate is extensivelyused. An alginate guaze is used as a blood stopping plaster. As a slimming agent, the alginate formsa jelly in the stomach which produces the feeling of 'saturation in the stomach. Ammonium alginate wool is used as a filter for microorganismsfor laminar flowhood.
- 20. Continue... In cosmetic, detergent and soap making 'industries alginates serve as thickening and dispersing agents in the production of ointments," In creams, liquid emulsions, lotionsand toothpaste as well as an additive in hair dye, hair fixing tonics, shampoosetc. due to the ability of alginates to form films. Alginates increase the consistencyof shaving creams. In dental technology, alginates are used for 'making denture moldings as well as denture fixatives.
- 21. Continue... In food technology, alginates improve the baking properties and they are constituent of baking emulsions. Alginates are used to make sugar glazings, egg, fruit and other cream fillings and in confectionary for making imitation fruits.“ Jelly products are made with water insoluble alginates(calcium alginates). In a number of countries alginates are suggested as a gelating agent in marmalades and jams. In dairy products such as cheese, creams, milk shake mixed in chocolates, puddings, cold prepared pudding powder, soft cheese and custards alginates are extensively used.
- 22. Continue... In beverages alginates act as clarifying agents for making wines and raw liquorsof sugar and molasses. Alginates act as foam stabilizers in lager beer and malt beer. In the meat and sausage industry, meat and sausage productsare given a longershelf life with an alginate film. Artificial casings with as alginate base have been developed for making small sausages particularlyfor vegetarians. Fordeep - freezing of fish, meat and poultry productsan alginate gel is used and this has been patented in many Western countries.
- 23. Continue... Alginate filaments are used in the 'productionof calcium alginate rayons.’ In ceramic and leather industries, addition of alginates stabilizes the pigment and glazing suspensionsto ceramic , porcelain and Chinaware as well as leathergoods . Alginates find extensive application in textile industry particularlyas a thickening agent for printing dyes and paints that prevents smudging and promotes quick drying and evennessof prints.
- 25. Carrangeenan In food industry, carrageenan finds its use in bakery , confectioneryand forculinarypurposes especially in the preparation of condimentproducts , syrups , whipped creames , lice desserts, cheese etc . Carrageenan is used forclarification of beer , fruit juices and other beverages . Carrageenan improves the quality of wheat flour in spaghetti and parotta making . The food sectoraccounts for nearly 70 % of ' world market for carrageenan.
- 26. Continue... In pharmaceutical industry,carrageenan is used as emulsifiers in cod liver oil and emulsionsas granulation and binding agents in tablets, elixirs, cough syrups etc. It is used extensively in ulcer therapy and' for diseasesof blood vessels. In cosmetics, carrageenan is applied as stabilizerand thickening agents in toothpaste, skin ointmentsand solid air freshners.
- 27. Continue... In textile industry. hot water extractsof carrageenan is used in printing designes with dye and act as finishing and sizing agents. Carrageenan, also called" Painters. Moss "has been used for some time in' paint manufacturing as stabilizers for pigments. They are also good film - forming agents.
- 29. Seaweed as fertilizer Due to the presence of potassium chloride (KCI) in sea weeds, they are used as fertilizers in many countries,such as Japan, France, United States, England and South India. In India, freshly collected and cast ashore seaweedsare used as manure for coconutplantation either directly or in the form of compost in coastal areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Seaweed manure has been found superior to farm yard manure. Seaweed manure seems to increase resistance to disease.
- 30. Continue... Most of the nutrientsincluding nitrogen compoundsare in ionic form and a quick absorption by crops takes place and relatively little is left to be broken down by soil microflora, thus preventing acid conditionsof the soil arising from the fermentation. In general the minerals diffuse out from the seaweed thallus rapidly.
- 31. Reference:- Ppt on seaweed products, processing and utilization bysameer G chebbi (Department of zoology, karnatak science College,dharwad) Www.fao.org http://seaweed.ie/uses_general/ www.wikipedia.org