VMware vSphere

VMware vSphere

© 2010 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome
01. Virtualization 10. Fault Tolerance
02. ESXi 11. DRS / DPM
03. vCenter 12. Roles
04. vSphere Client / Web Client 13. Scheduled Tasks
05. Virtual Machine Management 14. Alarms
06. Networking 15. Update Manager
07. vStorage 16. Host Profiles / Auto Deploy
08. vMotion / Storage vMotion 17. Profile Driven Storage
09. High Availability 18. Storage DRS

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Copyright © 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at http://www.vmware.com/go/patents.

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

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伺服器虛擬化的基礎概念

虛擬化前: 虛擬化後:
 每台主機一個操作系統  打破了操作系統跟硬體間的相互依存性
(Breaking Hardware/OS dependency)
 軟體硬體緊密地結合
 透過壓縮到虛擬機的技術, 管理操作系
 在同一主機上運行多個應用程式通常會統和應用程式化成單一的個體
遭遇衝突 (Encapsulation)
 未充分利用系統的資源  強大的故障和安全隔離 (Isolation)
 硬體成本高昂而且不夠靈活  虛擬機是硬體獨立的, 它們能在任何硬
體上運行 (Hardware independent)

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VMware 虛擬科技: 三大特性

獨立性分隔性封裝性
•能於一台硬體上執行多個 •每個虛擬機器的運作是獨立進 •每一虛擬機器的主機跟運作狀態
不同的操作系統行, 不受其它虛擬機器影響都是以一個檔案代表, 提高可攜
•充分利用硬體資源 •能夠動態調配虛擬機器的中央性
•支援叢集 (clustering) 的處理器 (CPU), 記憶體 •能將虛擬機器的運作狀態儲存
技術 (Memory), 儲存硬碟 (Disk),
及網絡(Network) 等等資源
•確保服務品質承諾 (SLA)

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Native vs. Hosted Virtualization

Hosted (Workstation, ACE Native (ESX Server)
& GSX Server)
Device support is inherited from host Maximum performance with lowest overhead
operating system for maximum using certified hardware
hardware compatibility Highly efficient direct I/O pass-through
Virtualization installs like an architecture for network and disk
application rather than like an Highly secure micro-kernel virtualization
operating system layer—
Can run alongside conventional only 100Ks of lines of code versus 10–25
applications million lines of host operating system code
Advanced features like VMotion available

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Virtualization Overview

Hypervisor
• Partitions computing resources of a server
for multiple VMs
• Hypervisors alone lack coordination for
higher availability and efficiency
VMware vSphere
• VMware vSphere goes beyond basic host
partitioning by aggregating infrastructure
resources into a giant virtual computer
• Serves as a dynamic OS for a private
internal cloud in your datacenter

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vSphere Components

• vSphere is a distributed software
system with features enabled by
a management server and
hypervisor working together
• VMware vCenter Server is the
management server and cluster
coordinator (1 instance required) VMware ESX / ESXi VMware ESX / ESXi VMware ESX / ESXi

• VMware ESXi is the hypervisor
software running on each host (1
instance per server required)

vSphere editions are the licensed features enabled by
vCenter Server working with ESXi

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VMware 提供不同情境的備份備援機制

• 計劃性停機
• 非計劃性停機

Site
Recovery
VMware Fault Tolerance, Manager
High Availability, Storage
DRS Maintenance Mode, VMotion
VMotion

NIC Teaming,
Multipathing

VMware Data Recovery, Clone , Snapshot
VMware Ready Data Protection solutions
from third-party partners

Component Server Storage Data Site
元件主機存儲設備資料機房中心

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雲端作業系統已經慢慢成為重要業務系統的基礎架構

% of Workload Instances Running on VMware in Customer Base

67%

53%
47%

42% 43%

34%
28% 28%
38% Apr
25% 25%
2011
18% Jan
2010
MS MS MS Oracle Oracle
SAP
Exchange SharePoint SQL Middleware DB

Source: VMware customer survey, Jan 2010 and April 2011 interim results,
Data: Total number of instances of that workload deployed in your organization and the percentage of those instances that are virtualized

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雲端作業系統的技術障礙已經慢慢被克服

4x
VMware
ESX 1 ESX 2 VMware VMware
vSphere 5
Inf. 3 vSphere4

CPU (VCPUs) 1 2 4 8 32

Memory (GB per VM) 2 3.6 64 256 1,000

Network (Gb/s) <.5 .9 9 30 >36

IOPS <5,000 7,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000

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vSphere 5 Kits and Editions

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VMware vSphere Essentials Kits for Small Business

vSphere 5 Essentials
For smaller environments

Benefits Essentials Essentials +

1 Make better use of existing infrastructure

Save time in managing infrastructure with
2 vCenter central management

Improve application availability with
3 • vMotion (no planned downtime)
• High Availability (business continuity)

Protect business data with VMware Data
4 Recovery

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VMware vSphere Enterprise Editions
vSphere 5 Editions
For larger environments

Benefits Standard Enterprise Enterprise +

Consolidation and Availability
Convert Physical System to Virtual Machines,
1 Leverage Live Migration (vMotion), and Enable
High Availability (HA)

Continuous Availability
2 Fault Tolerance (FT) for Applications

Automated Resource Management
Deliver Load Balancing (DRS), Power
3 Management (DPM), and Live Storage Migration
(Storage vMotion) without Manual Intervention

Simplified Operations
Advanced Networking (Distributed Network
Switch, I/0 Control), Advanced Storage (Storage
4 DRS, Profile-Driven Storage) and Host
Deployment/Configuration (Auto Deploy,
Host Profiles) for More OPEX Savings

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Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

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VMware vSphere Components

ESXi Host
• Hypervisor running VMs
• Organized into clusters
• Accesses shared storage datastores

Datastores

ESXi Host

―Cluster‖

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ESXi Hardware Requirements

Supported server platform. For a list of supported platforms, see the
VMware Compatibility Guide at ：
http://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility.

■ ESXi 5.0 will install and run only on servers with 64-bit x86 CPUs.
■ ESXi 5.0 requires a host machine with at least two cores.
■ Known 64-bit processors ：
■ All AMD Opteron processors.
■ All Intel Xeon 3000/3200, 3100/3300, 5100/5300, 5200/5400,
5500/5600, 7100/7300, 7200/7400, and 7500 processors
■ 2GB RAM minimum.
■ One or more Gigabit or 10Gb Ethernet controllers.

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New for ESXi 5.0

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How to Upgrade

1. Upgrade to vCenter Server 5.0
2. Upgrade to Update Manager 5.0
3. Install vSphere Client 5.0 and Install Update Manager Plug-In
4. Use Upgrade Manager to Update to ESXi 5.0
5. Upgrade VMFS3 Datastore to VMFS5 Datastore
6. Upgrade Virtual Machine Hardware 8
7. Upgrade VMware Tools

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ESXi Console

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What is the VMware vSphere Hypervisor?

VMware vSphere Hypervisor is the new name for what was formerly known
as VMware ESXi Single Server or free ESXi (often abbreviated to simply
―VMware ESXi‖).
VMware vSphere Hypervisor is the free edition of the vSphere product line.
It is licensed to only unlock the hypervisor functionality of vSphere, but it
can be seamlessly upgraded to more advanced offerings of VMware
vSphere.
vSphere Hypervisor is based only on the ESXi hypervisor
vSphere Hypervisor is target to virtualization first time users

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ESXi Convergence Most Trusted

Overview

 vSphere 5.0 will utilize the ESXi
hypervisor exclusively
 ESXi is the gold standard for hypervisors

vSphere ESXi
Benefits

 Thin architecture
 Smaller security footprint
 Streamlined deployment and
configuration
 Simplified patching and updating model
 Reduce Management Overhead.

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VMware ESXi: 3rd Generation Hypervisor Architecture

VMware GSX VMware ESX VMware ESXi
(VMware Server) Architecture Architecture
• Installs as an application • Installs ―bare metal‖ • Installs ―bare metal‖
• Runs on a host OS • Relies on a Linux OS • Management tasks are
(Service Console) for running moved outside of the
• Depends on OS for resource hypervisor
management partner agents and scripting

VMware Server Service Console VMkernel
VMware ESXi VMkernel
Windows or Linux OS VMware ESX

2001 2003 2007

The ESXi architecture runs independently of a general purpose OS,
simplifying hypervisor management and improving security.

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Monitor and Manage Health of Server Hardware with vCenter

New CIM Interface
• Detailed hardware health
monitoring
• Physical and virtual visibility
on server health
• vCenter alarms alert when
hardware failures occur
 Host hardware fan status
 Host hardware power status
 Host hardware system board
status
 Host hardware temperature
status

New
vCenter
Alarms for
Hardware

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Third Party Hardware Monitoring

• OEMs HW monitoring through their management consoles
HP SIM 5.3.2+
Dell Open Manager Server Administrator 6.1


View server and storage asset data
 View server and storage health information
 View alerts and command logs

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vSphere 重要高可用度功能

備份與復原裝置
vDR Windows CLI vDR Appliance- 每一的 vCenter Server 執行個體最多可支援 10 個裝置，
因此可以保護達 1000 台虛擬機
- Windows Linux 虛擬機適用的檔案層級復原用戶端
vCenter Server

Backup
Destination:
CIFS Network
Share

vSphere Client
 Data Recovery plug-in

儲存目的地
VM Source Backup - 擴大支援 DAS、NFS、iSCSI 或光纖通道儲存和 CIFS
Destination: 權重以當做目的地
.vmdk in VMFS - 加強重複刪除效能
Datastore

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Majority of Systems Management and Back Up Vendors Support ESXi

 BPM for Virtual Servers  CA Virtual  Operations  ITM for Virtual  Smarts ESM
 BPA for Virtual Servers Performance Orchestration Servers  ADM
 Capacity Mgmt Manager (VPM)  VI SPI  TPM  ControlCenter
Essentials  Spectrum  Client Automation  ITUAM  Avamar
 Atrium Orchestrator Automation  DDM  ITLCM  Networker
 Bladelogic Operations Management  Operations Agent  Tivoli Storage
Manager  Spectrum  UCMDB Manager
 ProactiveNet  eHealth  SiteScope
 Client Automation  Cohesion  Performance Agent
 Atrium Discovery &  ARCserve  DataProtector
Dependency Mapping  HP Operations

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Summary of new ESXi features in vSphere 5

Capability ESX i 5.0 ESX i 4.1 ESX 4.1

Admin/config CLIs PowerCLI + vCLI PowerCLI + vCLI COS + vCLI + PowerCLI

Advanced Troubleshooting ESXi Shell Tech Support Mode COS

Scripted installation Supported Supported Supported

Boot from SAN Supported Supported Supported

SNMP Supported Supported Supported

Active Directory Integrated Integrated Integrated

HW monitoring CIM providers CIM providers 3rd party agents in COS

Jumbo frames Supported Supported Supported

Web Access Not supported Not supported Not Supported

Total Lockdown Supported Supported Not available

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Visit the ESXi and ESX Info Center today

http://vmware.com/go/ESXiInfoCenter

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Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

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VMware vSphere Architecture

vSphere Client
 vCenter Converter plug-in
 Update Manager plug-in vCenter
Database

Datastores

vCenter Server ESX/ESXi Host
vCenter Linked Mode
―Cluster‖

vSphere Web Client vCenter Server
(Browser)*  vCenter Orchestrator Datastores
 vCenter Converter
 Guided Consolidation ―Datacenter‖
vCenter
Database  Update Manager
vSphere vSphere vSphere
Management CLI PowerCLI
Assistant Update Manager
(vMA) Database

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vCenter Server
• Centralized manager of ESX/ESXi hosts
• Runs as Windows services on physical or virtual server
• Connects with:
 vCenter database (SQL Server or Oracle)
 Windows Active Directory (required for Linked Mode)
• Integrates with optional server/client plug-ins

vCenter Server
 vCenter Orchestrator
 vCenter Converter
 Guided Consolidation
vCenter
Database  Update Manager

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VMware vCenter Server Editions

For Essentials Foundation Standard
• 3 ESX/ESXi host limit • 3 ESX/ESXi host limit • No ESX/ESXi host limit

Included in Essentials • Linked Mode
and Essentials Plus • Orchestrator

At least 1 instance required for
vSphere Editions

vCenter Server is required for most vSphere features

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vCenter Hardware Requirements

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Customer Feedback
• Customers consistently provide feedback on their desire to:

Simplify
Management
• Upgrades/Patching
5 • Standardization

Reduce
Deployment
Costs
• Deployment
Overhead
• Licensing

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Introducing vCenter Server Appliance

The vCenter Server Appliance is the answer!
• Simplifies Deployment and Configuration
• Streamlines patching and upgrades
• Reduces the TCO for vCenter

Enables companies to respond to business faster!
VMware
vCenter Server

Automation Visibility

Scalability

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Component Overview

vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) consists of:
• A pre-packaged 64 bit application running on SLES 11
 Distributed with sparse disks
 Disk Footprint

Distribution Min Deployed Max Deployed
3.6GB ~5GB ~80GB

 Memory Footprint
• A built in enterprise level database with optional support for a remote Oracle
databases.
• Limits are the same for VC and VCSA
 Embedded DB
- 5 hosts/50 VMs
 External DB
- <300 hosts/<3000 VMs (64 bit)
• A web-based configuration interface
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Feature Overview

vCenter Server Appliance supports:
• The vSphere Web Client
• Authentication through AD and NIS
• Feature parity with vCenter Server on Windows
 Except –
- Linked Mode support
- Requires ADAM (AD LDS)
- IPv6 support
- External DB Support
- Oracle is the only supported external DB for the first release
- No vCenter Heartbeat support
- HA is provided through vSphere HA

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vCenter Server Appliance Deployment

Simply deploy from a OVF template!
• Install takes ~5 minutes (compared to ~15 for Windows version)

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Configuration

Complete configuration is possible through a powerful web-based
interface!

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Summary

vCenter Server Appliance provides customers with:
• A quick and easy deployment mechanism that provides consistent results
• A reduction in deployment costs, licensing costs, and overall management
• A solution that they can leverage the best features of virtualization with

• And most of all…

The ability to take care of business needs faster!

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Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

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vSphere Client
• Primary interface for administration
• Runs locally on a Windows machine
• Connects to vCenter Server or directly to an ESX/ESXi host

vSphere Client

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VMware vSphere Client Modes

Connect to vCenter Server
• Global view
• Centralized Windows user credentials
• vSphere objects and functionality
Connect to Individual ESX/ESXi Host
• Per-host view
• ESX/ESXi host-specific user credentials

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VMware vSphere Client Home Menu

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Inventory: Hosts and Clusters
Visible from vCenter Inventory only
vCenter Server
• Folder
• Datacenter Top Level vCenter Server
 Cluster Folder
- Host Datacenter
Cluster
- VM
Host
- vApp
- VM Resource Pool
- VM Virtual Machine (VM)
vApp
- Resource pool
- VM
- VM

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Inventory: VMs and Templates
vCenter Server
• Folder
• Datacenter
 Folder Top Level vCenter Server
- VM Folder
Datacenter
- vApp
Folder
- VM
VM
- VM
- Template
 VM
vApp
Template

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Inventory: Datastores
vCenter Server
• Folder
• Datacenter
 Datastore
Top Level vCenter Server
Folder
Datacenter
Datastore

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Inventory: Networking
vCenter Server
• Folder
• Datacenter
 Distributed Virtual Switch
- dvSwitch PortGroups
- dvSwitch Uplinks
 vSwitch

Top Level vCenter Server
Folder
Datacenter
Distributed Virtual Switch
dvPortGroup
dvSwitch Uplink
vSwitch

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vSphere Client
• Optional web-browser interface to manage VMs
• Subset of vSphere Client capabilities

vSphere client
(Browser)

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Web Client

Overview

 Run and manage vSphere from any web
browser anywhere in the world

Benefits

 Platform independence
 Replaces Web Access GUI
 Building block for cloud based
administration

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Current Use Case

The vSphere Web Client is tailored to met the needs of VM Administrators in
the first release. This includes:
• VM Management
 VM Provisioning
 Edit VM, VM power ops, Snapshots, Migration
 VM Resource Management
 View all vSphere objects (hosts, clusters, datastores, folders, etc)
• Basic Health Monitoring
• Viewing the VM console remotely
• Search through large, complex environments
 Save search queries, and quickly run them to find detailed information
• vApp Management
 vApp Provisioning, vApp Editing, vApp Power Operations

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Features of the vSphere Web Client

Customize the GUI
• Create custom views to reflect the information you need to see, the way you
like to see it

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Advanced Search Functionality
• New advanced search functionality allows administrators to save and run
search find information quickly – Even across multiple vCenters!

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Extendable Functionality
• Possible for partners and end users to add features and functionality

Easily create new tabs
for information

Create portlets for instant
access to information
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Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

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Virtual Motherboard of a VM

Audio Up to 3 Parallel Up to 4
USB (N/A) Ports Serial Ports
Up to 4
IDE Devices
Virtual Phoenix BIOS
Up to 2
Intel 440BX-Based
1.44MB
Virtual Motherboard
Floppy Drives

Up to 40
VM Consoles

Up to
1024GB
Memory

Up to 32 CPUs
Up to 10 Network Adapters
Up to 4 SCSI Controllers
With Up to 15 Devices Each Up to 2TB SCSI Disk

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Key VMware vSphere Features

Hot Add Virtual Devices
• Hot add
 CPU
 Memory
• Hot add or remove
 Storage devices
 Network devices

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New Virtual Machine…

Configuration
• Typical or custom
Name and Location
Resource Pool
Datastore
Guest Operating System
Create a Disk
Ready to Complete

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Custom VM Configuration Options

Virtual Machine Version
• Version 7 or 8
Devices
• CPU (number)
• Memory (MB)
• Network
 Number, virtual network, connect at power on
• Disk
 SCSI controller
 Select or create a virtual disk
 Advanced disk options

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Hard Disk Options

Thick
• Pre-allocated disk space
40GB
• Physical disk size = virtual disk size
Thin
• VM sees full logical disk at all times
40GB

• Physical disk size = used disk size
• Physical disk size grows as used 20GB

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Edit Settings… of a Virtual Machine
Hardware
• Memory
• CPUs
• Video card
• VMCI device
• Floppy drive
• CD/DVD drive
• Network adapter
• SCSI controller
• Hard disk
Options
• General
• vApp options
• VMware Tools
• Power management
• Advanced
Resources

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Installing a Guest Operating System

Install Guest OS
• Media options
 Client device
 Host device
 Datastore ISO/floppy image file
 PXE client network boot
• Power on and install
Install VMware Tools
• Optimized drivers
• Install in running Guest OS

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VM Console

Administrative KVM Access
• Console has a single unique session
• Multiple sessions share video and control
• Closing/exiting VM console does not power off VM

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Virtual Machine Power Options

Power
• Power On
• Power Off
• Suspend
• Reset
Integration with
VMware Tools
• Power Off =
Shut Down Guest

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VM Snapshot

Point-in-Time VM State Capture
• Hard disks (all)
• VM settings
• Memory (optional)
Snapshot Actions
• Take
• Revert
• Go to
• Delete

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Clone…

Copy an Existing VM or vApp
• Copies exactly by default
• Option to customize Guest OS
• VMs can be powered on
• vApp must be powered off

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Template

Master to Provision New VMs
• Used to deploy many new VMs
• VM that cannot be powered on
• Option to customize Guest OS
Creating Templates
• VM: clone to template…
• VM: convert to template…
• Existing template: clone
Updating Templates
• Convert to VM…, update, then convert to template…

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New Virtual Machine Capabilities

Richer Desktop  3D graphics
Experience

 Client-connected USB devices
Broader Device  USB 3.0
Support
 Smart Card Readers

 Multi-core virtual CPUs (in GUI) vNUMA
Additional
 Mac OS X server support
Enhancements

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Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

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Virtual Networking

Standard Virtual Switch (vSwitch)
• Defined within host
• Connects to physical adapter(s)
 0, 1, 2 or more uplinks (up to 32)
 Active or standby
View within single host
• Virtual machine Port group
 Virtual machine Network Port Physical
Groups Adapters
Virtual
Switch
• VMkernel Port Virtual Machine
Port Group
— Management
vmnic0
— VMotion, iSCSI, NFS,FT VMkernel Port

• Supports VLAN tagging
vmnic1

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Distributed Switch
• Aggregated datacenter-level virtual networking (vs. per-host)
• Simplified management
• Network statistics follow VMs

APP APP APP APP APP APP APP APP APP
OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS

vSwitch vSwitch vSwitch
vNetwork Distributed Switch
VMware vSphere

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What is Network I/O Control (NETIOC) ?

• Network I/O control is a traffic management feature of vSphere
Distributed Switch (vDS)
• In a consolidated IO (10 gig) deployments this feature allows
customer to
• Allocate Shares and Limits to different traffic types.
• Provide Isolation
• One traffic type should not dominate others
• Guarantee Service Levels when different traffic types compete
•Enhanced Network I/O Control — vSphere 5.0 builds on previous
versions of Network I/O Control feature by providing
• User-defined network resource pools
• New Host Based Replication Traffic Type
• QoS tagging

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網路流量管理 – 10 GigE 的崛起

1GigE pNIC 10 GigE pNIC

iSCSI FT vMotion NFS iSCSI FT vMotion NFS

TCP/IP TCP/IP

vSwitch vSwitch

10 GigE
1GigE 流量類型競爭。
如何決定誰獲得多少
vmnic？

• 特定流量類型專用的 NIC，如 vMotion、 • 流量通常會彙整為兩個 10 GigE NIC
IP Storage • 由於用戶過量，某些流量類型和流量可能
會居主導地位
• 專用實體 NIC 可保證頻寬

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NETIOC 網路負載控制
Tenant 2
Tenant 1 VMs VM
VR vMotion FT

Mgmt NFS iSCSI

Server Admin

vSphere Distributed Portgroup

Teaming Policy
vSphere Distributed Switch

Load Based
Shaper Teaming
Traffic Shares Limit (Mbps) 802.1p

vMotion 5 150 1 Scheduler Scheduler

Mgmt 30 --
Limit enforcement
NFS 10 250 --
per team

Shares enforcement
iSCSI 10 2
per uplink
FT 60 --

VR 10 --

VM 20 2000 4

Tenant 1 5 --

Tenant 2 15 --

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Network I/O Control Enhancements – User-Defined Network
RP

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網路 I/O 控制

示範個案
 1GigE pNIC (vmnics)
 兩種流量類型爭取相同連結 iSCSI
(連結超額分配)
vmk
- iSCSI 設定為 100 權重
(由 iometer 產生)
外送 VM 流量
- VM 流量設定為 25 權重 25 權重
(由 iperf 產生) 外送 iSCSI 流量
100 權重

- 連結可達 890 Mbps 1 GigE
連結
- iSCSI 獲得 80%  ~710Mbps
- VM 獲得 20%  ~180Mbps

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內建安全管理設定

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Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

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vStorage Thin Provisioning vCompute vStorage vNetwork

應用程式應用程式應用程式
作業系統作業系統作業系統
虛擬機磁碟只會佔用使用中的
ESX 實體空間
虛擬機隨時都能檢視完整的
強力
20GB
精簡
40GB
精簡邏輯磁碟大小
100GB

虛擬磁碟 20GB 完整報告和警示資源配置和
20GB
消耗量
40GB

大幅提高儲存裝置使用率
100GB
不需超額佈建虛擬磁碟
資料儲存區
削減高達 50% 的儲存裝置成本

60GB

20GB

S-82

使用 VMFS 建立有效的儲存抽象層 vCompute vStorage vNetwork

應用程式應用程式應用程式
作業系統作業系統作業系統
不停機擴充虛擬磁碟
ESX 線上擴充虛擬磁碟
回應迅速，不停機就能擴充需求
擴充 8G 的虛擬磁碟
加入新的虛擬磁碟

虛擬磁碟 20GB 20GB
擴充 10G 的虛擬磁碟增加 VMFS 磁區大小
資料儲存區不變在建立 VMFS 磁區的 LUN 上擴充磁區
VMFS 磁區增加
資料儲存區 40GB
以擴大資料儲存區協助增加更多的虛擬機到現有的磁區
VMFS 磁區增加
以擴大資料儲存區協助虛擬機因應資料成長

LUN 100GB 提高彈性來簡化資源規劃

S-83

Virtual Storage

VMFS Datastore
• Shared VM file system
• Block-level access by ESX/ESXi
• Supported devices
 Local disk (not shared storage)
 Fibre Channel SAN
 iSCSI SAN
- HBA
- ESX/ESXi software initiator via VMkernel network port
• Formats
 .vmdk
 RDM (raw device mapping) to underlying LUN

S-84

Virtual Storage

NFS Datastore
• Shared directory on NFS server
• File-level access by ESX/ESXi
• Limitations
 No RDM

S-85

Introduction

• vSphere 5.0 offers many improvements for Storage
• These improvements are implemented to reduce operational effort
• To safely increase resource utilization for Storage devices
• Increase efficiency
• Lower TCO

Feature Reducing Ops Increase Efficiency Lower TCO
Storage DRS X X X
Profile Driven Storage X X X
VMFS-5 X X X
VASA X X X
Software FCoE adapter X X X
Storage IO Control X X X
VAAI X X X

S-86

VMFS-5 vs VMFS-3 Feature comparison

Feature VMFS-3 VMFS-5

2TB+ VMFS Volumes Yes Yes
(using extents)
Support for 2TB+ Physical RDMs No Yes

Unified Block size (1MB) No Yes

Atomic Test & Set Enhancements No Yes
(part of VAAI, locking mechanism)

Sub-blocks for space efficiency 64KB (max ~3k) 8KB (max ~30k)

Small file support No 1KB

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VMFS-3 to VMFS-5 Upgrade

• The Upgrade to VMFS-5 is clearly displayed in the vSphere Client
under Configuration -> Storage view.
•It is also displayed in the Datastores -> Configuration view.
•Non-disruptive upgrades.

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VAAI Thin Provisioning - Dead Space Reclamation

•Dead space is previously written
blocks that are no longer used
by the VM. For instance after a
Storage vMotion
vSphere
•vSphere conveys block
information to storage system via
VAAI & storage system reclaims
the dead blocks Storage vMotion

• Storage vMotion, VM deletion &
swap file deletion can trigger
the thin LUN to free some
physical space
• ESXi 5.0 uses the a standard
SCSI command for dead space
reclamation. VMFS VMFS
volume A volume B

S-89

I/O 共用問題
• 低優先順序 VM 可能限制高優先順序 VM 的 I/O 頻寬
• 儲存 I/O 分配應與 VM 優先順序相符

現況期望狀況

Microsoft 資料探勘線上儲存區 Microsoft 資料探勘
線上儲存區
Exchange Exchange

資料儲存區資料儲存區

S-90

分配 I/O 資源
權重轉換為 ESX I/O 佇列插槽
• 權重較多的 VM 能一次傳送較多 I/O
• 插槽指定是動態的，並依據 VM 權重和現有負載來決定
• 可用插槽總數也是動態的，依據擁塞狀況來決定

線上儲存區 Microsoft 資料探勘
Exchange

執行中的 I/O

儲存陣列

S-91

儲存 I/O 控制

S-92

儲存 I/O 控制實例

兩台 Windows VM 在兩台主機上執行 SQL Server
• 250 GB 資料磁碟、50 GB 記錄磁碟
VM1：500 權重
VM2：2000 權重

結果：權重較多的 VM2 每分鐘處理的程序較多，而且較少延遲！

無儲存 I/O 控制有儲存 I/O 控制
程序/每分鐘處理時間 (毫秒) 程序/每分鐘處理時間 (毫秒)
VM1 8800 213 7000 275
(500 權重)

VM2 8500 220 12400 150
(2000 權重)

綜合 17300 19400

S-93

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-94

透過 Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC) 讓不同世代的處理器可以相容

Intel EVC Cluster

App

OS

Intel Core
2 VM

ESX ESX ESX
Intel Core 2
Intel Core 2 CPU 45nm CPU Future Intel CPU EVC Cluster
AMD

App

OS

Opteron
Rev E VM

ESX ESX ESX

AMD Rev E CPU AMD Barcelona CPU Future AMD CPU

S-95

VMotion™ 技術: 乾坤大挪移

VMotion 技術讓您搬移正在運行中的虛擬機器到負載較輕的硬
件體上, 以取得更多資源, 而且整個轉移過程更不需中斷服務

Storage

S-96

VMotion:―無間斷‖的硬體維護工程

透過 VMotion 作出虛擬機器的轉移, 硬體能夠進行維護工程
而不需中斷任何服務, 不會對客戶構成影響

WM Server Win2K AS

DNS / DHCP SQL Server

ESX Server ESX Server 2 ESX Server
1 3
需要進行硬體維護

S-97

VMotion: ―無間斷‖的硬體維護工程


WM Server WM Server Win2K AS

DNS / DHCP SQL Server SQL Server

ESX Server ESX Server 2 ESX Server
1 3
虛擬機器轉移去其它硬體

S-98

VMotion: ―無間斷‖ 的硬體維護工程


WM Server WM Server Win2K AS

DNS / DHCP SQL Server SQL Server

ESX Server ESX Server 2
ESX Server
1 3
 維護工程完畢, 重新啟動

S-99

VMotion: 動態調配工作負載量

您可以透過 VMotion, 作出跨越平台的動態資源管理, 並分配給虛
擬機器所需要的資源

Exch Citrix
Server

SQL SAP DNS/DHCP
Server

Oracle Apache

ESX Server 1 ESX Server 2 ESX Server 3

S-100

VMotion: 動態調配工作負載量

您可以透過 VMotion, 作出跨越平台的動態資源管理, 並分配給虛
擬機器所需要的資源

Exch Citrix
Server

SQL DNS/DHCP
Server SAP

Oracle Apache

ESX Server 1 ESX Server 2 ESX Server 3

S-101


Storage VMotion
• Relocate running VM from one datastore
to another datastore with zero downtime
• Relocate across different storage types
• Change VM disk format (thick or thin) APP APP APP
OS OS OS

VMware ESX/ESXi

S-102

Storage VMotion

• 無中斷 :
• 搬遷到新的磁碟陣列
LunA1
• 搬移到不同等級的Storage

LunB1

LunA2 LunB2

Array A off-lease New - Array B

S-103

Storage VMotion for Storage Array Migration

• 可線上跨Storage搬移虛擬機器檔
案
 虛擬機器不停機
 LUN independent
 支援Fibre channel SANs

最小化因為storage因素停機的風險
使用Vmotion與Storage VMotion透過
完整的停機管理解決方案

S-104

Storage VMotion for Storage I/O Optimization

Non-disruptively:
• Eliminate virtual machine
storage I/O bottlenecks
Bottleneck • Move individual virtual
I/O Bottleneck
Eliminated
machines to best performing
LUNs
Optimized
Set LUN 3
LUN 1

LUN 2

S-105

VMotion Performance

S-106

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-107

High Availability

經濟有效的適用於所有應用的高可用解决方案

功能
• 當伺服器故障時，自動重新啟動虛擬
機

X Resource Pool
優勢
• 經濟有效的適用於所有應用的高可用
• 不需要獨占的stand-by 硬體
• 没有叢集軟體的成本和複雜性

S-108

Running Business Critical Applications with Confidence

 vSphere HA provides the right availability
services with ground breaking simplicity for
any application
 Allows for: 5
 Protection of Tier 1 Applications
 Restart of VM upon Application Failure
 VM High Availability
 Virtual Machine Health Monitoring
 Host High Availability
 Host Monitoring
 Zero downtime VM recovery upon host failure

S-109

vSphere HA Primary Components

Every host runs an agent.
• Referred to as ‗FDM‘ or Fault Domain Manager
• One of the agents within the cluster is chosen to
assume the role of the Master
ESX 01 ESX 03
 There is only one Master per cluster during normal
operations
• All other agents assume the role of Slaves
There is no more Primary/Secondary
concept with vSphere HA

ESX 02 ESX 04

vCenter

S-110

Storage-Level Communications

One of the most exciting new features of
vSphere HA is its ability to use a storage
subsystem for communication.
The datastores used for this are referred to
as ‗Heartbeat Datastores‘. ESX 01 ESX 03

This provides for increased communication
redundancy.
Heartbeat datastores are used as a
communication channel only when the
management network is lost - such as in
the case of isolation or network partitioning.
ESX 02 ESX 04

S-111

UI Changes

Cluster Summary Screen
• Advanced Runtime Info
• Cluster Status
• Configuration Issues

Cluster – Hosts tab

VM Summary: HA Protection

Cluster Configuration: Datastore Heartbeating

Admission Control: Failover Host(s)

S-112

UI Changes

S-113

UI Changes

• Cluster Status





S-114

UI Changes

• Cluster Status





S-115

vSphere 高可用度功能

DRS
• 可自動做負載平衡

DPM
• 可和iLO & BMC晶片整合進入
維護省電管理模式,自動協助
資料中心作自動化的電源管理
• 可自動化排程

S-116

vSphere 高可用度功能DRS主機關聯

VM APP
OS
APP
OS
APP
OS
APP
OS
APP
OS

VM 群組 ―A‖ ―B‖ ―A‖ ―A‖ ―B‖

―ChassisA‖ ―ChassisA‖ ―ChassisB‖ ―ChassisB‖
主機
四主機 DRS/HA 叢集
主機群組
A  ChassisA B  ChassisB

加強 VM 之間反關聯規則
• VM 之間反關聯規則現在可以納入 2 台以上虛擬機
規則

S-117

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-118


Fault Tolerance (FT)
• 被保護的 VM 會在別台主機產生一台
shadow VM 隨時和主要VM保持資料
SYNC
• Failover後會在自動複製一台shadow
VM

APP APP APP
OS OS OS

VMware vSphere

S-119

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-120


DRS
• Automated load balancing

DPM
• Optionally consolidate VMs
onto fewer hosts and power
off/on hosts as needed

S-121

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-122

Permissions 可整合 LDAP 帳號權限管理
Visible from vCenter Server Inventory only
vCenter Server
• Folder
• Datacenter Top Level VC5-01 vCenter Server
 Cluster Folder
- Host Datacenter
Cluster
- VM
Host
- vApp
- VM Resource Pool
- VM Virtual Machine (VM)
vApp
- Resource pool
- VM
- VM

S-123

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-124

Scheduled Tasks

vCenter Activities
• Change power state of VM
• Clone a VM
• Deploy a VM
• Migrate a VM
• Create a VM
• Initiate a VM snapshot
• Add host
• Change power state of host
• Change resource settings of resource pool or VM
• Check compliance of a Host Profile

Run once in future
or recurring

Requires vCenter Server

S-125

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-126

Monitoring

Alarms
• Triggers
 Condition/state (VM, host, datastore)
- Is equal to / is not equal to
- Is above / is below
 Event (vCenter objects)
• Trigger thresholds
 Normal – green
 Warning – yellow
 Alert – red


S-127

Monitoring

Alarm Actions
• Send a notification email via SMTP or SNMP notification trap
• Run a command/script (on vCenter Server)
• Enter/exit maintenance/standby mode for host
• Power on/off/reset, suspend/resume, reboot/shutdown guest, or migrate VM


S-128

vCenter 管理功能

S-129

Monitoring

Performance Charts
• CPU, disk, memory, network, system
• Real-time, past day, week, month, year, custom
• By VM, host, cluster, management agent

S-130

Monitoring

Tasks & Events (History)
• User initiated
• System: info, warning, error


S-131

Maps

Inventory Maps
• Hosts
• VMs
• Networks
• Datastores
• Fault Tolerance relationships
VMotion Resource Maps
• Per VM


S-132

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-133

Update Manager 修正檔更新管理程式

 集中式自動化、可行的 VI 更新遵循管理解決
方案
 定義、追蹤和執行 ESX 主機/叢集軟體更新、
協力廠商 ESX 延伸模組、虛擬裝置、
VMTools/VM 硬體、線上*/離線 VM、範本等

 提供升級模組
 修補程式通知與召回
 叢集層級補救前檢查分析與報告
 支援協力廠商 IHV/ISV 更新、自訂的架構：
大量安裝、EMC PowerPath 模組更新
 改善叢集層級修補操作的 DPM 相容性
 支援PowerCLI
 支援offline Boudle
 配合 vCenter 改善效能與延展性

S-134

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-135


Host Profiles
• Simplified ESX/ESXi host configuration management
• Create ―gold‖ reference configurations
• Compliance checks Cluster
• Remediation

Reference
Host

S-136

Auto Deploy

Overview

vCenter Server  Deploy and patch vSphere hosts in
with Auto Deploy minutes using a new ―on the fly‖ model
 Coordination with vSphere Host Profiles
Image Profiles Host Profiles

Benefits

 Rapid provisioning: initial deployment and
patching of hosts
vSphere vSphere vSphere
 Centralized host and image management
 Reduce manual deployment and patch
processes

S-137

ESXi Image 客製化影像檔

Core CIM
Hypervisor Providers

Plug-in Drivers
Components

S-138

Auto Deploy 自動化部署

Before After

vSphere vSphere vSphere vSphere

Time: 30 mins Time: 30 mins Time: 30 mins

...Repeat 37 more times…

Total time: 20 Hours! Total time: 10 Minutes!

S-139

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-140

Storage DRS and Profile-Driven Storage

Overview

High IO
 Tier storage based on performance
Throughput
characteristics (i.e. datastore cluster)
 Simplify initial storage placement
 Load balance based on I/O
 Resource alignment with SLAs

Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3
Benefits

 Eliminate VM downtime for storage
maintenance
 Reduce time for storage
planning/configuration
 Reduce errors in the selection and
management of VM storage
 Increase storage utilization by optimizing
placement

S-141

Profile-Driven Storage 存儲設備自動化配置

SLA Definitions
Availability = 99.99%
DR RTO = 1 hour
DR RTO = 1 hour ms
Max Latency = 500
Back up = daily Placement
Provisioning of infra services
Storage capacity = 1 TB
Performance = High I/O
Security = High

?
Availability = 99.99% Availability = 99.9% Availability = 99.%
DR RTO = 1 hour DR RTO = 3 hour DR RTO = none
Back up = daily Back up = weekly Back up = none
Storage capacity = 10 TB Storage capacity = 10 TB Storage capacity = 10 TB

Gold
Performance = High I/O
Security = High Silver
Performance = Med I/O
Security = Mid Bronze
Performance = low I/O
Security = low

• DR plan
• Back up Cloud Infrastructure
• Anti-virus (vSphere, vCenter, vShield, vCloud Director)

• Firewall

S-142

Key concepts overview
Create VMDK PRODUCTION DATA
VMDK tiers storage VMDK, PRODUCTION OS
profiles VMDK
vSphere VM
Admin operations PRODUCTION DATA
using + VMDK  vendor1_Tier1
vCenter OR vendor2_Tier1

User-defined Importance_Level1 =
Datastore ―DR protected‖
vSphere/vCenter
Capability
vStorage APIs

Vendor 1 Vendor 2

―<vendor1>_Type1‖ =
System ―RAID 5, replicated‖
Capability ―<vendor2>_TypeA =
―RAID 10, non-replicated‖
Heterogeneous EMC, EQL, NTAP,
storage backend …
VMware Confidential, NDA only

S-143

Why Profile Driven Storage? 1 / 2

S-144


S-145


S-146


S-147


S-148


S-149


S-150


S-151


S-152


S-153

Agenda

vSphere 5.0

Welcome

S-154

Datastore Cluster

•An integral part of SDRS is to create a group of datastores called a
datastore cluster.
• Datastore Cluster without Storage DRS – Simply a group of datastores.
• Datastore Cluster with Storage DRS - Load Balancing domain similar to a
DRS Cluster.
•A datastore cluster , without SDRS is just a datastore folder. It is the
functionality provided by SDRS which makes it more than just a folder.

2TB
datastore cluster

500GB 500GB 500GB 500GB
datastores

S-155

Storage DRS Operations – Initial Placement

Initial Placement - VM/VMDK create/clone/relocate.
•When creating a VM you select a datastore cluster rather than an
individual datastore and let SDRS choose the appropriate datastore.
•SDRS will select a datastore based on space utilization and I/O load.
•By default, all the VMDKs of a VM will be placed on the same datastore
within a datastore cluster (VMDK Affinity Rule), but you can choose to
have VMDKs assigned to different datastore clusters.

2TB
datastore cluster

500GB 500GB 500GB 500GB
datastores

300GB 260GB 265GB 275GB
available available available available

S-156

Storage DRS Operations

S-157

Storage DRS Operations – Datastore Maintenance Mode

Datastore Maintenance Mode
•Evacuates all VMs & VMDKs from selected datastore.
•Note that this action will not move VM Templates.
•Currently, SDRS only handles registered VMs.

Place VOL1 in
maintenance
mode
2TB
datastore cluster

VOL1 VOL2 VOL3 VOL4
datastores

S-158

Storage DRS Operations (4 of 4)

Datastore Cluster Datastore Cluster Datastore Cluster

VMDK affinity VMDK anti-affinity VM anti-affinity
 Keep a Virtual Machine‘s  Keep a VM‘s VMDKs on  Keep VMs on different
VMDKs together on the different datastores datastores
same datastore
 Useful for separating  Similar to DRS anti-
 Maximize VM availability log and data disks of affinity rules
when all disks needed in database VMs
 Maximize availability of
order to run
 Can select all or a a set of redundant VMs
 On by default for all VMs subset of a VM‘s disks

S-159

SDRS Scheduling

SDRS allows you to create a schedule to change its settings.
This can be useful for scenarios where you don‘t want VMs to migrate
between datastore or when I/O latency might rise, giving false negatives,
e.g. during VM backups.
S-160

So what does it look like? Provisioning…

S-161

So what does it look like? Load Balancing

•It will show ―utilization before‖ and ―after‖
•There‘s always the option to override the recommendations

S-162

VMware vSphere

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